when I was a student I took a lot of computer science courses in college that
computer science courses in college that
computer science courses in college that was a while ago and we didn’t hear much
was a while ago and we didn’t hear much
was a while ago and we didn’t hear much about stem then I just took it because I
about stem then I just took it because I
about stem then I just took it because I loved a program and I loved the
loved a program and I loved the
loved a program and I loved the programming projects there was only one
programming projects there was only one
programming projects there was only one problem as the as the classes that I
problem as the as the classes that I
problem as the as the classes that I took advanced the number of women
took advanced the number of women
took advanced the number of women dropped significantly and so by the time
dropped significantly and so by the time
dropped significantly and so by the time we got to admit the advanced classes
we got to admit the advanced classes
we got to admit the advanced classes there was one me or maybe two women in
there was one me or maybe two women in
there was one me or maybe two women in the classroom and I began to wonder did
the classroom and I began to wonder did
the classroom and I began to wonder did women belong in computing
women belong in computing
women belong in computing did we have role models I knew of course
did we have role models I knew of course
did we have role models I knew of course about lady Ada Lovelace and captain then
about lady Ada Lovelace and captain then
about lady Ada Lovelace and captain then captain grace hopper later Rear Admiral
captain grace hopper later Rear Admiral
captain grace hopper later Rear Admiral Grace Hopper in the u.s. Navy
Grace Hopper in the u.s. Navy
Grace Hopper in the u.s. Navy but Ada Lovelace was in the 19th century
but Ada Lovelace was in the 19th century
but Ada Lovelace was in the 19th century and Grace Hopper was in the 20th century
and Grace Hopper was in the 20th century
and Grace Hopper was in the 20th century and one woman succeeding per century
and one woman succeeding per century
and one woman succeeding per century didn’t make me feel warm and fuzzy about
didn’t make me feel warm and fuzzy about
didn’t make me feel warm and fuzzy about my future in computing and so I went
my future in computing and so I went
my future in computing and so I went looking for women in computing and I
looking for women in computing and I
looking for women in computing and I started scouring the histories and
started scouring the histories and
started scouring the histories and encyclopedias of computer science and I
encyclopedias of computer science and I
encyclopedias of computer science and I didn’t find the names of any other women
didn’t find the names of any other women
didn’t find the names of any other women but I found some pictures and this is a
but I found some pictures and this is a
but I found some pictures and this is a picture of the ENIAC computer the great
picture of the ENIAC computer the great
picture of the ENIAC computer the great ENIAC
ENIAC
ENIAC this is the world’s first all-electronic
this is the world’s first all-electronic
this is the world’s first all-electronic programmable general-purpose computer
programmable general-purpose computer
programmable general-purpose computer the great-great-grandfather of
the great-great-grandfather of
the great-great-grandfather of everything on your smartphone’s and in
everything on your smartphone’s and in
everything on your smartphone’s and in our laptops and this picture was taken
our laptops and this picture was taken
our laptops and this picture was taken in 1946 the ENIAC was a secret US Army
in 1946 the ENIAC was a secret US Army
in 1946 the ENIAC was a secret US Army project during World War two and this is
project during World War two and this is
project during World War two and this is taken about six months after it was
taken about six months after it was
taken about six months after it was unveiled and very clearly there are men
unveiled and very clearly there are men
unveiled and very clearly there are men and women in that picture but only the
and women in that picture but only the
and women in that picture but only the men’s names were in the captions so I
men’s names were in the captions so I
men’s names were in the captions so I dug a little deeper and I found there
dug a little deeper and I found there
dug a little deeper and I found there were more pictures of women in front of
were more pictures of women in front of
were more pictures of women in front of ENIAC and I began to wonder what’s going
ENIAC and I began to wonder what’s going
ENIAC and I began to wonder what’s going on so I took the pictures to my
on so I took the pictures to my
on so I took the pictures to my professor and I said who are the women
professor and I said who are the women
professor and I said who are the women he said he didn’t know but he sent me to
he said he didn’t know but he sent me to
he said he didn’t know but he sent me to the co-founder of the Computer History
the co-founder of the Computer History
the co-founder of the Computer History Museum that was then here in Boston and
Museum that was then here in Boston and
Museum that was then here in Boston and clutching my photographs I took
clutching my photographs I took
clutching my photographs I took t across Boston and I showed them to her
t across Boston and I showed them to her
t across Boston and I showed them to her and I’ll never forget she rolled four
and I’ll never forget she rolled four
and I’ll never forget she rolled four eyes of me and said they’re models they
eyes of me and said they’re models they
eyes of me and said they’re models they weren’t supposed to be posed and from
weren’t supposed to be posed and from
weren’t supposed to be posed and from the machine to make it look good well
the machine to make it look good well
the machine to make it look good well they certainly do that but they didn’t
they certainly do that but they didn’t
they certainly do that but they didn’t look like models to me they looked very
look like models to me they looked very
look like models to me they looked very confident and self-assured in front of
confident and self-assured in front of
confident and self-assured in front of this machine and I had worked with some
this machine and I had worked with some
this machine and I had worked with some big computers before and I know how
big computers before and I know how
big computers before and I know how overwhelming they are the first few
overwhelming they are the first few
overwhelming they are the first few times he used them and the ENIAC was
times he used them and the ENIAC was
times he used them and the ENIAC was eight feet tall 80 feet long dominated
eight feet tall 80 feet long dominated
eight feet tall 80 feet long dominated three sides of a big room and these
three sides of a big room and these
three sides of a big room and these women look like they know exactly what
women look like they know exactly what
women look like they know exactly what they’re doing and so I decided to track
they’re doing and so I decided to track
they’re doing and so I decided to track them down undergraduates can be pretty
them down undergraduates can be pretty
them down undergraduates can be pretty silly and so I started calling around
silly and so I started calling around
silly and so I started calling around the University of Pennsylvania where the
the University of Pennsylvania where the
the University of Pennsylvania where the ENIAC had been built during the war and
ENIAC had been built during the war and
ENIAC had been built during the war and one thing led to another and they
one thing led to another and they
one thing led to another and they invited me to come to the 40th
invited me to come to the 40th
invited me to come to the 40th anniversary of ENIAC so I took the train
anniversary of ENIAC so I took the train
anniversary of ENIAC so I took the train from Boston down to Philadelphia and
from Boston down to Philadelphia and
from Boston down to Philadelphia and soon I was in a big room celebrating the
soon I was in a big room celebrating the
soon I was in a big room celebrating the 40th anniversary of ENIAC the world’s
40th anniversary of ENIAC the world’s
40th anniversary of ENIAC the world’s first modern computer and it was very
first modern computer and it was very
first modern computer and it was very exciting and there were clusters of men
exciting and there were clusters of men
exciting and there were clusters of men talking about how they had built the
talking about how they had built the
talking about how they had built the ENIAC I thought this is great but then I
ENIAC I thought this is great but then I
ENIAC I thought this is great but then I found a cluster of women and they were
found a cluster of women and they were
found a cluster of women and they were talking about something very technical
talking about something very technical
talking about something very technical involving the ENIAC that they had done
involving the ENIAC that they had done
involving the ENIAC that they had done and I listened closely and they were
and I listened closely and they were
and I listened closely and they were talking about the bug in their program
talking about the bug in their program
talking about the bug in their program the night before any acts big
the night before any acts big
the night before any acts big demonstration and at a certain point I
demonstration and at a certain point I
demonstration and at a certain point I realized I was talking to the women in
realized I was talking to the women in
realized I was talking to the women in the pictures they weren’t models they
the pictures they weren’t models they
the pictures they weren’t models they were NEX verse programmers so that day I
were NEX verse programmers so that day I
were NEX verse programmers so that day I learned that any active in program by
learned that any active in program by
learned that any active in program by six young women six women brought in
six young women six women brought in
six young women six women brought in specifically to do any acts first
specifically to do any acts first
specifically to do any acts first program for the army a ballistics
program for the army a ballistics
program for the army a ballistics trajectory and that day I met four of
trajectory and that day I met four of
trajectory and that day I met four of them I met Marlon Meltzer Jean Bartik
them I met Marlon Meltzer Jean Bartik
them I met Marlon Meltzer Jean Bartik kaymakli Antonelli
kaymakli Antonelli
kaymakli Antonelli Betty Ho Burton those were the four I
Betty Ho Burton those were the four I
Betty Ho Burton those were the four I met and they told me about two more who
met and they told me about two more who
met and they told me about two more who had been part of their project who not
had been part of their project who not
had been part of their project who not at the anniversary Ruth’s teitelbaum
at the anniversary Ruth’s teitelbaum
at the anniversary Ruth’s teitelbaum Frances Spence I tell you the names
Frances Spence I tell you the names
Frances Spence I tell you the names because I think their names are
because I think their names are
because I think their names are important and they were in their 60s at
important and they were in their 60s at
important and they were in their 60s at the time right funny dynamic women and
the time right funny dynamic women and
the time right funny dynamic women and they told me a little bit about the
they told me a little bit about the
they told me a little bit about the world war two story that they had been
world war two story that they had been
world war two story that they had been recruited by the Army for their
recruited by the Army for their
recruited by the Army for their mathematics abilities and they had been
mathematics abilities and they had been
mathematics abilities and they had been brought in to Philadelphia from New York
brought in to Philadelphia from New York
brought in to Philadelphia from New York from Philadelphia one came all the way
from Philadelphia one came all the way
from Philadelphia one came all the way out from a farm in Missouri and they had
out from a farm in Missouri and they had
out from a farm in Missouri and they had been brought in to hand calculate
been brought in to hand calculate
been brought in to hand calculate ballistics trajectories this is the past
ballistics trajectories this is the past
ballistics trajectories this is the past that a missile takes from the time it
that a missile takes from the time it
that a missile takes from the time it leaves the muzzle of a gun an artillery
leaves the muzzle of a gun an artillery
leaves the muzzle of a gun an artillery gun until it hits the target eight to
gun until it hits the target eight to
gun until it hits the target eight to ten miles away and when you calculate
ten miles away and when you calculate
ten miles away and when you calculate this differential calculus equation
this differential calculus equation
this differential calculus equation which took about 40 hours to do by hand
which took about 40 hours to do by hand
which took about 40 hours to do by hand you know what angle to shoot the gun
you know what angle to shoot the gun
you know what angle to shoot the gun under certain weather conditions in the
under certain weather conditions in the
under certain weather conditions in the battlefield to hit that target and boy
battlefield to hit that target and boy
battlefield to hit that target and boy was our artillery accurate when we used
was our artillery accurate when we used
was our artillery accurate when we used these calculations and so the military
these calculations and so the military
these calculations and so the military hired we think between 80 and 100 women
hired we think between 80 and 100 women
hired we think between 80 and 100 women to hand calculate these ballistics
to hand calculate these ballistics
to hand calculate these ballistics trajectories and they called them
trajectories and they called them
trajectories and they called them computers a computer was a person before
computers a computer was a person before
computers a computer was a person before it was a machine that was their official
it was a machine that was their official
it was a machine that was their official title and so these women Hamm calculated
title and so these women Hamm calculated
title and so these women Hamm calculated the ballistics trajectories for years
the ballistics trajectories for years
the ballistics trajectories for years during the war but somewhere in the
during the war but somewhere in the
during the war but somewhere in the middle of the war the military needed
middle of the war the military needed
middle of the war the military needed realized I needed more calculations
realized I needed more calculations
realized I needed more calculations faster and there were no machines to do
faster and there were no machines to do
faster and there were no machines to do it and they commissioned a very expanded
it and they commissioned a very expanded
it and they commissioned a very expanded experimental project that they were
experimental project that they were
experimental project that they were certain wouldn’t work and that was ENIAC
certain wouldn’t work and that was ENIAC
certain wouldn’t work and that was ENIAC the electronic numerical integrator and
the electronic numerical integrator and
the electronic numerical integrator and computer and ENIAC was designed to
computer and ENIAC was designed to
computer and ENIAC was designed to automate these equations and when ENIAC
automate these equations and when ENIAC
automate these equations and when ENIAC was finished they brought in six women
was finished they brought in six women
was finished they brought in six women they took six computers and assigned
they took six computers and assigned
they took six computers and assigned them the task of programming any act
them the task of programming any act
them the task of programming any act there were no programming languages
there were no programming languages
there were no programming languages there’s no compilers there’s no
there’s no compilers there’s no
there’s no compilers there’s no operating systems they just assign them
operating systems they just assign them
operating systems they just assign them to program ENIAC
to program ENIAC
to program ENIAC and they did so this was a story I
and they did so this was a story I
and they did so this was a story I learned at the 40th anniversary of ENIAC
learned at the 40th anniversary of ENIAC
learned at the 40th anniversary of ENIAC and I came back to school and I was
and I came back to school and I was
and I came back to school and I was excited and I finished my computer
excited and I finished my computer
excited and I finished my computer science courses and I started my career
science courses and I started my career
science courses and I started my career in technology all good but in 1996 ten
in technology all good but in 1996 ten
in technology all good but in 1996 ten years later a bell went off in my head
years later a bell went off in my head
years later a bell went off in my head and I realized that the 50th anniversary
and I realized that the 50th anniversary
and I realized that the 50th anniversary of ENIAC was coming up and I wanted to
of ENIAC was coming up and I wanted to
of ENIAC was coming up and I wanted to know what happened to the programmers
know what happened to the programmers
know what happened to the programmers and so I called the university I found
and so I called the university I found
and so I called the university I found the Dean who was responsible for the
the Dean who was responsible for the
the Dean who was responsible for the anniversary was gonna be
anniversary was gonna be
anniversary was gonna be 50th anniversary of the first modern
50th anniversary of the first modern
50th anniversary of the first modern computer and when I asked who was coming
computer and when I asked who was coming
computer and when I asked who was coming from the ENIAC programmers he didn’t
from the ENIAC programmers he didn’t
from the ENIAC programmers he didn’t know who I was talking about except to
know who I was talking about except to
know who I was talking about except to the extent that the women were widows of
the extent that the women were widows of
the extent that the women were widows of the engineers their names had been
the engineers their names had been
the engineers their names had been forgotten and their roles had been
forgotten and their roles had been
forgotten and their roles had been forgotten and I thought we’ve got a
forgotten and I thought we’ve got a
forgotten and I thought we’ve got a problem and so I got a grant and I said
problem and so I got a grant and I said
problem and so I got a grant and I said we’re gonna tape them and so I tracked
we’re gonna tape them and so I tracked
we’re gonna tape them and so I tracked them down again reintroduce myself and
them down again reintroduce myself and
them down again reintroduce myself and started asking very detailed questions
started asking very detailed questions
started asking very detailed questions about programming the ENIAC and you know
about programming the ENIAC and you know
about programming the ENIAC and you know what they didn’t remember and I thought
what they didn’t remember and I thought
what they didn’t remember and I thought you know it was fifty years ago but on
you know it was fifty years ago but on
you know it was fifty years ago but on the other hand maybe I’m asking the
the other hand maybe I’m asking the
the other hand maybe I’m asking the wrong questions because I know
wrong questions because I know
wrong questions because I know programming and modern terminology but
programming and modern terminology but
programming and modern terminology but what they were doing was a little
what they were doing was a little
what they were doing was a little different it’s the same basic human
different it’s the same basic human
different it’s the same basic human function of breaking down a human
function of breaking down a human
function of breaking down a human equation a human calculation into the
equation a human calculation into the
equation a human calculation into the steps the computer can handle we do that
steps the computer can handle we do that
steps the computer can handle we do that today and we did that then but the way
today and we did that then but the way
today and we did that then but the way they implemented it was very different
they implemented it was very different
they implemented it was very different so I thought of finding more about the
so I thought of finding more about the
so I thought of finding more about the technology I could ask better questions
technology I could ask better questions
technology I could ask better questions so by now I was a young attorney and the
so by now I was a young attorney and the
so by now I was a young attorney and the telecommunications law firm and they
telecommunications law firm and they
telecommunications law firm and they were a little surprised when I asked for
were a little surprised when I asked for
were a little surprised when I asked for a leave of absence I said I have to go
a leave of absence I said I have to go
a leave of absence I said I have to go to the Library of Congress to learn
to the Library of Congress to learn
to the Library of Congress to learn about old computers and they said ok and
about old computers and they said ok and
about old computers and they said ok and so I spent a few months in the Library
so I spent a few months in the Library
so I spent a few months in the Library of Congress learning about any act by a
of Congress learning about any act by a
of Congress learning about any act by a knack and UNIVAC they were created by
knack and UNIVAC they were created by
knack and UNIVAC they were created by overlapping teams and the UNIVAC was the
overlapping teams and the UNIVAC was the
overlapping teams and the UNIVAC was the first commercial computer it was
first commercial computer it was
first commercial computer it was synonymous for years with the word
synonymous for years with the word
synonymous for years with the word computer in the minds of the public and
computer in the minds of the public and
computer in the minds of the public and so I learned a little more about the
so I learned a little more about the
so I learned a little more about the terminology and um and now I went back
terminology and um and now I went back
terminology and um and now I went back to the programmers and I asked more
to the programmers and I asked more
to the programmers and I asked more detailed questions in their terms and
detailed questions in their terms and
detailed questions in their terms and the stories came flooding out and we
the stories came flooding out and we
the stories came flooding out and we captured them and so they told me how
captured them and so they told me how
captured them and so they told me how they had been given wiring diagrams and
they had been given wiring diagrams and
they had been given wiring diagrams and logical diagrams of ENIAC and told to
logical diagrams of ENIAC and told to
logical diagrams of ENIAC and told to figure out how those 42 panels work and
figure out how those 42 panels work and
figure out how those 42 panels work and then they had to break their program
then they had to break their program
then they had to break their program down into steps and I could handle but
down into steps and I could handle but
down into steps and I could handle but not only that they had to wire it they
not only that they had to wire it they
not only that they had to wire it they had to take a piece of data wire it into
had to take a piece of data wire it into
had to take a piece of data wire it into the panel set the panel some of them did
the panel set the panel some of them did
the panel set the panel some of them did addition and subtraction so you had to
addition and subtraction so you had to
addition and subtraction so you had to set that square root divider
set that square root divider
set that square root divider was another one so you had to set that
was another one so you had to set that
was another one so you had to set that switch wait figure out the timing of the
switch wait figure out the timing of the
switch wait figure out the timing of the panel because each panels calculation
panel because each panels calculation
panel because each panels calculation timing was different and then wire it
timing was different and then wire it
timing was different and then wire it into the next panel they had a set 3000
into the next panel they had a set 3000
into the next panel they had a set 3000 switches this is their read-only memory
switches this is their read-only memory
switches this is their read-only memory for the constants of the ballistics
for the constants of the ballistics
for the constants of the ballistics trajectory and no one showed them how to
trajectory and no one showed them how to
trajectory and no one showed them how to do a flow chart a flow chart technology
do a flow chart a flow chart technology
do a flow chart a flow chart technology even existed
even existed
even existed so they created their own and they call
so they created their own and they call
so they created their own and they call them pedaling sheets to keep keep track
them pedaling sheets to keep keep track
them pedaling sheets to keep keep track of each step of the program as well as
of each step of the program as well as
of each step of the program as well as where all the switches where all the
where all the switches where all the
where all the switches where all the cables and where all the wires went so
cables and where all the wires went so
cables and where all the wires went so they’re peddling sheets amazing amazing
they’re peddling sheets amazing amazing
they’re peddling sheets amazing amazing story
story
story so we captured these stories on film and
so we captured these stories on film and
so we captured these stories on film and we realized that we had some pioneers no
we realized that we had some pioneers no
we realized that we had some pioneers no one had ever heard of before would
one had ever heard of before would
one had ever heard of before would anybody care we decided to nominate them
anybody care we decided to nominate them
anybody care we decided to nominate them for some awards to see if anyone did and
for some awards to see if anyone did and
for some awards to see if anyone did and I’m thrilled to tell you the ENIAC
I’m thrilled to tell you the ENIAC
I’m thrilled to tell you the ENIAC programmers received awards from coast
programmers received awards from coast
programmers received awards from coast to coast on the west coast they were
to coast on the west coast they were
to coast on the west coast they were inducted into the Hall of Fame of Women
inducted into the Hall of Fame of Women
inducted into the Hall of Fame of Women in Technology International on the East
in Technology International on the East
in Technology International on the East Coast Betty hull Burton became the Ada
Coast Betty hull Burton became the Ada
Coast Betty hull Burton became the Ada Lovelace recipient and other awards but
Lovelace recipient and other awards but
Lovelace recipient and other awards but my favorite one was in 2008 when Jean
my favorite one was in 2008 when Jean
my favorite one was in 2008 when Jean Bartik was inducted as a fellow into the
Bartik was inducted as a fellow into the
Bartik was inducted as a fellow into the Computer History Museum alongside Linus
Computer History Museum alongside Linus
Computer History Museum alongside Linus Torvalds who created Linux and Bob
Torvalds who created Linux and Bob
Torvalds who created Linux and Bob Metcalfe who created Ethernet and she
Metcalfe who created Ethernet and she
Metcalfe who created Ethernet and she was the super pioneer so then we finally
was the super pioneer so then we finally
was the super pioneer so then we finally raise money for the documentary to put
raise money for the documentary to put
raise money for the documentary to put these oral histories together into a
these oral histories together into a
these oral histories together into a documentary where the women tell their
documentary where the women tell their
documentary where the women tell their story and I worked with amazing
story and I worked with amazing
story and I worked with amazing producers John Paul Freeman and Kate
producers John Paul Freeman and Kate
producers John Paul Freeman and Kate McMullen to do this and we produced
McMullen to do this and we produced
McMullen to do this and we produced documentary and we purposely produced
documentary and we purposely produced
documentary and we purposely produced afraid’s 12 and up we wanted it to go to
afraid’s 12 and up we wanted it to go to
afraid’s 12 and up we wanted it to go to middle school high school college and
middle school high school college and
middle school high school college and the general public and we’ve shown it to
the general public and we’ve shown it to
the general public and we’ve shown it to people from ages 10 to 92 so far and
people from ages 10 to 92 so far and
people from ages 10 to 92 so far and then the question was again would
then the question was again would
then the question was again would anybody care so the computers which is
anybody care so the computers which is
anybody care so the computers which is the title premiered at the Seattle
the title premiered at the Seattle
the title premiered at the Seattle International Film Festival and I
International Film Festival and I
International Film Festival and I wondered as I was on the flight from DC
wondered as I was on the flight from DC
wondered as I was on the flight from DC to Seattle I wondered would the story
to Seattle I wondered would the story
to Seattle I wondered would the story that was 70 years old translate across
that was 70 years old translate across
that was 70 years old translate across the borders across the country across
the borders across the country across
the borders across the country across the years
the years
the years and it was interesting we premiered the
and it was interesting we premiered the
and it was interesting we premiered the documentary and we had a little Q&A and
documentary and we had a little Q&A and
documentary and we had a little Q&A and afterwards women came up to me tears
afterwards women came up to me tears
afterwards women came up to me tears streaming down their faces they worked
streaming down their faces they worked
streaming down their faces they worked for Microsoft Google Amazon and they
for Microsoft Google Amazon and they
for Microsoft Google Amazon and they told me that the story inspired them
told me that the story inspired them
told me that the story inspired them that they’re often alone and isolated
that they’re often alone and isolated
that they’re often alone and isolated and in their in their teams and their
and in their in their teams and their
and in their in their teams and their meetings they’re often the only women
meetings they’re often the only women
meetings they’re often the only women and the idea that women created
and the idea that women created
and the idea that women created computing was inspiring and exciting to
computing was inspiring and exciting to
computing was inspiring and exciting to them so we took the documentary across
them so we took the documentary across
them so we took the documentary across the ocean and I also wondered whether
the ocean and I also wondered whether
the ocean and I also wondered whether the story would translate a u.s. world
the story would translate a u.s. world
the story would translate a u.s. world war two story we showed it all over the
war two story we showed it all over the
war two story we showed it all over the world
world
world Zurich Tel Aviv London Stockholm and we
Zurich Tel Aviv London Stockholm and we
Zurich Tel Aviv London Stockholm and we found out that women were excited about
found out that women were excited about
found out that women were excited about it
it
it and that the challenges of women in
and that the challenges of women in
and that the challenges of women in computing appear to be universal and men
computing appear to be universal and men
computing appear to be universal and men liked it too and talked about showing it
liked it too and talked about showing it
liked it too and talked about showing it to their daughters to inspire them to
to their daughters to inspire them to
to their daughters to inspire them to stem the ENIAC programmers would be
stem the ENIAC programmers would be
stem the ENIAC programmers would be proud but the Silver Cloud has a black
proud but the Silver Cloud has a black
proud but the Silver Cloud has a black lining the Computer History community
lining the Computer History community
lining the Computer History community has been telling the same story for 70
has been telling the same story for 70
has been telling the same story for 70 years it’s still they’re still telling
years it’s still they’re still telling
years it’s still they’re still telling the story of white men inventing
the story of white men inventing
the story of white men inventing computing and I don’t understand why
computing and I don’t understand why
computing and I don’t understand why because we know the ENIAC Bionic and
because we know the ENIAC Bionic and
because we know the ENIAC Bionic and univac teams were exceedingly diverse
univac teams were exceedingly diverse
univac teams were exceedingly diverse there were not only brilliant white
there were not only brilliant white
there were not only brilliant white engineers there were African American
engineers there were African American
engineers there were African American engineers Chinese engineers and of
engineers Chinese engineers and of
engineers Chinese engineers and of course lots of women and so I don’t
course lots of women and so I don’t
course lots of women and so I don’t understand and as we gather in this hall
understand and as we gather in this hall
understand and as we gather in this hall to celebrate President Kennedy’s vision
to celebrate President Kennedy’s vision
to celebrate President Kennedy’s vision of going to space and his challenge just
of going to space and his challenge just
of going to space and his challenge just of stem and as we try to encourage girls
of stem and as we try to encourage girls
of stem and as we try to encourage girls and boys to go into STEM shouldn’t we be
and boys to go into STEM shouldn’t we be
and boys to go into STEM shouldn’t we be telling them that the pioneers of stem
telling them that the pioneers of stem
telling them that the pioneers of stem looked like them and that they come from
looked like them and that they come from
looked like them and that they come from all sorts of backgrounds and that they
all sorts of backgrounds and that they
all sorts of backgrounds and that they all have role models in the early
all have role models in the early
all have role models in the early history but I’m just a revisionist
history but I’m just a revisionist
history but I’m just a revisionist historians
historians
historians and they don’t tell these stories and
and they don’t tell these stories and
and they don’t tell these stories and they don’t talk to me and to this day
they don’t talk to me and to this day
they don’t talk to me and to this day there’s a young PhD computer historian
there’s a young PhD computer historian
there’s a young PhD computer historian traveling around the country giving
traveling around the country giving
traveling around the country giving lectures and saying I’ve wasted my life
lectures and saying I’ve wasted my life
lectures and saying I’ve wasted my life I’ve wasted years recording and sharing
I’ve wasted years recording and sharing
I’ve wasted years recording and sharing these stories so is this a good story or
these stories so is this a good story or
these stories so is this a good story or a bad story
[Laughter]
[Laughter] [Applause]
”
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