so when I was 27 I got my PhD in physics and it was really fun I got to study how
and it was really fun I got to study how
and it was really fun I got to study how the universe attacks I got to work with
the universe attacks I got to work with
the universe attacks I got to work with other researchers and students and some
other researchers and students and some
other researchers and students and some people to help us make it happen it’s
people to help us make it happen it’s
people to help us make it happen it’s basically a small group of really smart
basically a small group of really smart
basically a small group of really smart people and it was a real fun for me but
people and it was a real fun for me but
people and it was a real fun for me but I could have stayed an academic I could
I could have stayed an academic I could
I could have stayed an academic I could stayed at the university doing this kind
stayed at the university doing this kind
stayed at the university doing this kind of thing but life changes on you and one
of thing but life changes on you and one
of thing but life changes on you and one of the big changes that happened to me
of the big changes that happened to me
of the big changes that happened to me was I got to learn a lot more about
was I got to learn a lot more about
was I got to learn a lot more about climate change this is what that means
climate change this is what that means
climate change this is what that means what you have here is a spiral showing
what you have here is a spiral showing
what you have here is a spiral showing the ink the excess temperature on the
the ink the excess temperature on the
the ink the excess temperature on the planet every month since 1850 and you
planet every month since 1850 and you
planet every month since 1850 and you can see that it’s slowly increasing over
can see that it’s slowly increasing over
can see that it’s slowly increasing over time here as getting faster and faster
time here as getting faster and faster
time here as getting faster and faster and faster towards two degrees so now
and faster towards two degrees so now
and faster towards two degrees so now we’re in 2017 we’re almost at 1.5 No why
we’re in 2017 we’re almost at 1.5 No why
we’re in 2017 we’re almost at 1.5 No why does this happen this here is the carbon
does this happen this here is the carbon
does this happen this here is the carbon cycle now you don’t need to understand
cycle now you don’t need to understand
cycle now you don’t need to understand slide and in all its detail the basic
slide and in all its detail the basic
slide and in all its detail the basic things you need to get away from this is
things you need to get away from this is
things you need to get away from this is that there’s constantly carbon dioxide
that there’s constantly carbon dioxide
that there’s constantly carbon dioxide moving in and out of the natural
moving in and out of the natural
moving in and out of the natural environment and on the most important
environment and on the most important
environment and on the most important ones to focus on the ones that we affect
ones to focus on the ones that we affect
ones to focus on the ones that we affect over here on the right is fossil fuels
over here on the right is fossil fuels
over here on the right is fossil fuels and cement production that’s cars and
and cement production that’s cars and
and cement production that’s cars and transportation and heating your house
transportation and heating your house
transportation and heating your house all that is burning fossil fuels that’s
all that is burning fossil fuels that’s
all that is burning fossil fuels that’s putting extra co2 into the the
putting extra co2 into the the
putting extra co2 into the the atmosphere so it’s changing the carbon
atmosphere so it’s changing the carbon
atmosphere so it’s changing the carbon cycle and on the Left we’re changing the
cycle and on the Left we’re changing the
cycle and on the Left we’re changing the landscapes around us so for agriculture
landscapes around us so for agriculture
landscapes around us so for agriculture we’re changing landscapes we’re cutting
we’re changing landscapes we’re cutting
we’re changing landscapes we’re cutting down rainforests things like that and
down rainforests things like that and
down rainforests things like that and that’s creating more co2 or other
that’s creating more co2 or other
that’s creating more co2 or other greenhouse gases and they’re all going
greenhouse gases and they’re all going
greenhouse gases and they’re all going into the atmosphere so the balance that
into the atmosphere so the balance that
into the atmosphere so the balance that was there before is changing now what
was there before is changing now what
was there before is changing now what does it mean to put greenhouse gases in
does it mean to put greenhouse gases in
does it mean to put greenhouse gases in the atmosphere well the way that
the atmosphere well the way that
the atmosphere well the way that planetary scientists think about this is
planetary scientists think about this is
planetary scientists think about this is in terms of energy balance okay
in terms of energy balance okay
in terms of energy balance okay so you have all this energy coming from
so you have all this energy coming from
so you have all this energy coming from the Sun and it shines it bounces off the
the Sun and it shines it bounces off the
the Sun and it shines it bounces off the top of the atmosphere that’s why we look
top of the atmosphere that’s why we look
top of the atmosphere that’s why we look like a blue planet from far away and
like a blue planet from far away and
like a blue planet from far away and something that goes through and warms up
something that goes through and warms up
something that goes through and warms up and some of that light bounces back up
and some of that light bounces back up
and some of that light bounces back up into space okay all that light that’s
into space okay all that light that’s
into space okay all that light that’s coming on to planet Earth has to be
coming on to planet Earth has to be
coming on to planet Earth has to be balanced by energy coming off of planet
balanced by energy coming off of planet
balanced by energy coming off of planet Earth otherwise we just explode
Earth otherwise we just explode
Earth otherwise we just explode okay so what’s what’s going on over here
okay so what’s what’s going on over here
okay so what’s what’s going on over here is we have both sunlight coming back off
is we have both sunlight coming back off
is we have both sunlight coming back off or infrared radiation infrared is the
or infrared radiation infrared is the
or infrared radiation infrared is the kind of radiation you get from hot
kind of radiation you get from hot
kind of radiation you get from hot objects if you see an infrared camera
objects if you see an infrared camera
objects if you see an infrared camera and movies you’ve seen the kind of
and movies you’ve seen the kind of
and movies you’ve seen the kind of people moving around that there you’re
people moving around that there you’re
people moving around that there you’re looking at the infrared coming off of
looking at the infrared coming off of
looking at the infrared coming off of their bodies in this case infrared gets
their bodies in this case infrared gets
their bodies in this case infrared gets bounced off the atmosphere it’s like a
bounced off the atmosphere it’s like a
bounced off the atmosphere it’s like a blanket and when you pile up greenhouse
blanket and when you pile up greenhouse
blanket and when you pile up greenhouse gases in this atmosphere the blanket
gases in this atmosphere the blanket
gases in this atmosphere the blanket gets thicker now the way the blanket
gets thicker now the way the blanket
gets thicker now the way the blanket works is you get warmer and warmer under
works is you get warmer and warmer under
works is you get warmer and warmer under the blanket until you’re warm enough
the blanket until you’re warm enough
the blanket until you’re warm enough that enough infrared is making it
that enough infrared is making it
that enough infrared is making it through the atmosphere to balance out
through the atmosphere to balance out
through the atmosphere to balance out the energy balance okay so that’s kind
the energy balance okay so that’s kind
the energy balance okay so that’s kind of the science of this the atmosphere is
of the science of this the atmosphere is
of the science of this the atmosphere is a blanket around the planet and when we
a blanket around the planet and when we
a blanket around the planet and when we add greenhouse gases we make that
add greenhouse gases we make that
add greenhouse gases we make that blanket more effective at keeping us
blanket more effective at keeping us
blanket more effective at keeping us warm and maybe two one well just how
warm and maybe two one well just how
warm and maybe two one well just how long are we talking about well we
long are we talking about well we
long are we talking about well we measure co2 in parts-per-million now
measure co2 in parts-per-million now
measure co2 in parts-per-million now that does that seems really small okay
that does that seems really small okay
that does that seems really small okay right now we’re in about 400 parts per
right now we’re in about 400 parts per
right now we’re in about 400 parts per million but co2 can have very big
million but co2 can have very big
million but co2 can have very big effects on the on the planetary
effects on the on the planetary
effects on the on the planetary temperature from what I told you about
temperature from what I told you about
temperature from what I told you about before every time you double co2 you
before every time you double co2 you
before every time you double co2 you increase the long-term temperature of
increase the long-term temperature of
increase the long-term temperature of the planet by a few degrees in this
the planet by a few degrees in this
the planet by a few degrees in this slide here
slide here
slide here that’s quite colorful you get a sense of
that’s quite colorful you get a sense of
that’s quite colorful you get a sense of where we could be going by 2100 so on
where we could be going by 2100 so on
where we could be going by 2100 so on the top scenarios these are scenarios
the top scenarios these are scenarios
the top scenarios these are scenarios where we have warming of 3 to 5 degrees
where we have warming of 3 to 5 degrees
where we have warming of 3 to 5 degrees 3 to 5 degrees increase in this room may
3 to 5 degrees increase in this room may
3 to 5 degrees increase in this room may not seem like much but that’s the
not seem like much but that’s the
not seem like much but that’s the difference between like an ice age and
difference between like an ice age and
difference between like an ice age and no ice age okay those are big
no ice age okay those are big
no ice age okay those are big differences for the planet now this
differences for the planet now this
differences for the planet now this happens if we just keep emitting and we
happens if we just keep emitting and we
happens if we just keep emitting and we get 2,000 parts per million
get 2,000 parts per million
get 2,000 parts per million these scenarios on the bottom there’s
these scenarios on the bottom there’s
these scenarios on the bottom there’s the good scenarios where we met we
the good scenarios where we met we
the good scenarios where we met we managed to keep the temperature on the
managed to keep the temperature on the
managed to keep the temperature on the planet in a reasonable place and
planet in a reasonable place and
planet in a reasonable place and planetary scientists think that these
planetary scientists think that these
planetary scientists think that these are the only ones where we have avoid
are the only ones where we have avoid
are the only ones where we have avoid suffering where we avoid major problems
suffering where we avoid major problems
suffering where we avoid major problems in the future in your lifetime now if
in the future in your lifetime now if
in the future in your lifetime now if you look at this line this is not
you look at this line this is not
you look at this line this is not talking about the total pile of co2 in
talking about the total pile of co2 in
talking about the total pile of co2 in the atmosphere it’s talking about the
the atmosphere it’s talking about the
the atmosphere it’s talking about the rate at which we’re adding stuff to the
rate at which we’re adding stuff to the
rate at which we’re adding stuff to the atmosphere and you’ll see here the blue
atmosphere and you’ll see here the blue
atmosphere and you’ll see here the blue lines by the time you’re in 2060 by the
lines by the time you’re in 2060 by the
lines by the time you’re in 2060 by the time you guys are my age we need to be
time you guys are my age we need to be
time you guys are my age we need to be taking co2 out of the atmosphere not
taking co2 out of the atmosphere not
taking co2 out of the atmosphere not even adding anything else to it and if
even adding anything else to it and if
even adding anything else to it and if you delay this kind of progress you’re
you delay this kind of progress you’re
you delay this kind of progress you’re still adding to the pile you’re making
still adding to the pile you’re making
still adding to the pile you’re making the blanket warm bigger you’re making
the blanket warm bigger you’re making
the blanket warm bigger you’re making the planet warmer you’re creating more
the planet warmer you’re creating more
the planet warmer you’re creating more droughts more storms more sea level rise
droughts more storms more sea level rise
droughts more storms more sea level rise etc in the future now what causes all
etc in the future now what causes all
etc in the future now what causes all these emissions is us so each one of us
these emissions is us so each one of us
these emissions is us so each one of us has a role to play and what we emit and
has a role to play and what we emit and
has a role to play and what we emit and what kind of things we consume and what
what kind of things we consume and what
what kind of things we consume and what kind of technologies we use but really
kind of technologies we use but really
kind of technologies we use but really one of the main drivers here is how many
one of the main drivers here is how many
one of the main drivers here is how many of us there are right now we have about
of us there are right now we have about
of us there are right now we have about seven and a half billion people on the
seven and a half billion people on the
seven and a half billion people on the planet by the time we get this is these
planet by the time we get this is these
planet by the time we get this is these are projections from the United Nations
are projections from the United Nations
are projections from the United Nations is to come where population is going to
is to come where population is going to
is to come where population is going to go by the time we get to the end of the
go by the time we get to the end of the
go by the time we get to the end of the century we could be looking at sixteen
century we could be looking at sixteen
century we could be looking at sixteen to seventeen billion people you’re not
to seventeen billion people you’re not
to seventeen billion people you’re not even sure how we could feed that many
even sure how we could feed that many
even sure how we could feed that many people but that certainly will be a lot
people but that certainly will be a lot
people but that certainly will be a lot of people emitting greenhouse gases or
of people emitting greenhouse gases or
of people emitting greenhouse gases or we could be on a low trajectory the
we could be on a low trajectory the
we could be on a low trajectory the green one over here and then we’ll be
green one over here and then we’ll be
green one over here and then we’ll be plateauing and around nine billion
plateauing and around nine billion
plateauing and around nine billion people somewhere around 2060 again
people somewhere around 2060 again
people somewhere around 2060 again around the time when you guys are my age
around the time when you guys are my age
around the time when you guys are my age you could be seeing something that’s
you could be seeing something that’s
you could be seeing something that’s never been seen before in human history
never been seen before in human history
never been seen before in human history you could be see the end of growth and
you could be see the end of growth and
you could be see the end of growth and nobody really knows what that means but
nobody really knows what that means but
nobody really knows what that means but that’s gonna be pretty amazing
that’s gonna be pretty amazing
that’s gonna be pretty amazing now all these humans on the on the
now all these humans on the on the
now all these humans on the on the planet we’re also creating other kinds
planet we’re also creating other kinds
planet we’re also creating other kinds of problems or we’re coming up against
of problems or we’re coming up against
of problems or we’re coming up against other what they call planetary
other what they call planetary
other what they call planetary boundaries okay so in Stockholm the
boundaries okay so in Stockholm the
boundaries okay so in Stockholm the Stockholm resilience is two kind of made
Stockholm resilience is two kind of made
Stockholm resilience is two kind of made a survey of some of the major things
a survey of some of the major things
a survey of some of the major things that we’re pushing up against
that we’re pushing up against
that we’re pushing up against so here you’ve seen biodiversity loss
so here you’ve seen biodiversity loss
so here you’ve seen biodiversity loss right now is a big issue nitrogen cycle
right now is a big issue nitrogen cycle
right now is a big issue nitrogen cycle and you see the climate crisis in the
and you see the climate crisis in the
and you see the climate crisis in the middle getting bigger and a whole bunch
middle getting bigger and a whole bunch
middle getting bigger and a whole bunch of other things okay these are all
of other things okay these are all
of other things okay these are all challenges that you guys are going to be
challenges that you guys are going to be
challenges that you guys are going to be having to deal with within your lifetime
now I think one of these the freshwater
now I think one of these the freshwater reviews I found it kind of particularly
reviews I found it kind of particularly
reviews I found it kind of particularly visually striking an example for you
visually striking an example for you
visually striking an example for you guys today this is in was Becca Stan
guys today this is in was Becca Stan
guys today this is in was Becca Stan these are these are fishing boats from a
these are these are fishing boats from a
these are these are fishing boats from a town a port city on the Aral Sea the
town a port city on the Aral Sea the
town a port city on the Aral Sea the Aral Sea was one of the four largest
Aral Sea was one of the four largest
Aral Sea was one of the four largest freshwater lakes in the world but right
freshwater lakes in the world but right
freshwater lakes in the world but right now this doesn’t look like a sea does it
now this doesn’t look like a sea does it
now this doesn’t look like a sea does it this is the arrow Combe desert the Aral
this is the arrow Combe desert the Aral
this is the arrow Combe desert the Aral Sea is shrunk because it’s not getting
Sea is shrunk because it’s not getting
Sea is shrunk because it’s not getting enough fresh water in it anymore and
enough fresh water in it anymore and
enough fresh water in it anymore and this used to be a fishing community and
this used to be a fishing community and
this used to be a fishing community and now it’s dozens of kilometers away from
now it’s dozens of kilometers away from
now it’s dozens of kilometers away from the borders of the Aral Sea but look
the borders of the Aral Sea but look
the borders of the Aral Sea but look it’s not all doom and gloom we have a
it’s not all doom and gloom we have a
it’s not all doom and gloom we have a lot of control over our future there’s
lot of control over our future there’s
lot of control over our future there’s still a lot of things we can do those
still a lot of things we can do those
still a lot of things we can do those scenarios we’re in charge of them are we
scenarios we’re in charge of them are we
scenarios we’re in charge of them are we going for those yellow lines that go
going for those yellow lines that go
going for those yellow lines that go crazy or we’re going for those blue
crazy or we’re going for those blue
crazy or we’re going for those blue lines and there are solutions that exist
lines and there are solutions that exist
lines and there are solutions that exist today so now I’m not doing physics I’m
today so now I’m not doing physics I’m
today so now I’m not doing physics I’m working on energy policy and one of the
working on energy policy and one of the
working on energy policy and one of the things I’m working on is to bring things
things I’m working on is to bring things
things I’m working on is to bring things like these windmills and solar power
like these windmills and solar power
like these windmills and solar power into the electricity makes faster and
into the electricity makes faster and
into the electricity makes faster and faster so that we can clean up the power
faster so that we can clean up the power
faster so that we can clean up the power of the power grid and not emit as much
of the power grid and not emit as much
of the power grid and not emit as much fossil fuel for electricity we can also
fossil fuel for electricity we can also
fossil fuel for electricity we can also combine that with with other
combine that with with other
combine that with with other technologies and to make a functional
technologies and to make a functional
technologies and to make a functional grid that works better for us and also
grid that works better for us and also
grid that works better for us and also we can work on wasting less energy and
we can work on wasting less energy and
we can work on wasting less energy and wasting is a big part of the problem
wasting is a big part of the problem
wasting is a big part of the problem that we have to manage we can also take
that we have to manage we can also take
that we have to manage we can also take this clean energy from wind and solar
this clean energy from wind and solar
this clean energy from wind and solar and we can use it for things like
and we can use it for things like
and we can use it for things like transportation that’s called
transportation that’s called
transportation that’s called electrification we take things that we
electrification we take things that we
electrification we take things that we used to do by burning fossil fuel we use
used to do by burning fossil fuel we use
used to do by burning fossil fuel we use clean electricity to do it instead so
clean electricity to do it instead so
clean electricity to do it instead so look over here this is a battery
look over here this is a battery
look over here this is a battery electric bus okay this thing can go a
electric bus okay this thing can go a
electric bus okay this thing can go a couple hundred miles
couple hundred miles
couple hundred miles just on the electric charge in its
just on the electric charge in its
just on the electric charge in its batteries so it’s clean and it’s quiet
batteries so it’s clean and it’s quiet
batteries so it’s clean and it’s quiet and it’s not running on a diesel engine
and it’s not running on a diesel engine
and it’s not running on a diesel engine and these are technologies that are that
and these are technologies that are that
and these are technologies that are that are here today so there’s plenty of ways
are here today so there’s plenty of ways
are here today so there’s plenty of ways for us to address the climate challenge
for us to address the climate challenge
for us to address the climate challenge it’s not so much about personal virtue
it’s not so much about personal virtue
it’s not so much about personal virtue it’s about working together to find
it’s about working together to find
it’s about working together to find solutions for society but we also are
solutions for society but we also are
solutions for society but we also are already seeing the effects of climate
already seeing the effects of climate
already seeing the effects of climate change today okay this huge image here
change today okay this huge image here
change today okay this huge image here and you see outlines some of the islands
and you see outlines some of the islands
and you see outlines some of the islands underneath this is hurricane Irma this
underneath this is hurricane Irma this
underneath this is hurricane Irma this happened this September this is a
happened this September this is a
happened this September this is a picture from September 8th the winds in
picture from September 8th the winds in
picture from September 8th the winds in the middle of this hurricane were a
the middle of this hurricane were a
the middle of this hurricane were a hundred and eighty five miles an hour
hundred and eighty five miles an hour
hundred and eighty five miles an hour now I’m sure you guys have put your hand
now I’m sure you guys have put your hand
now I’m sure you guys have put your hand out the window in the car when you’re
out the window in the car when you’re
out the window in the car when you’re going 3040 miles an hour it feels kind
going 3040 miles an hour it feels kind
going 3040 miles an hour it feels kind of cool you do this up and down up and
of cool you do this up and down up and
of cool you do this up and down up and down imagine winds if your car was going
down imagine winds if your car was going
down imagine winds if your car was going a hundred and eighty five miles an hour
a hundred and eighty five miles an hour
a hundred and eighty five miles an hour and that’s just the wind see people were
and that’s just the wind see people were
and that’s just the wind see people were experiencing that’s a crazy hurricane
experiencing that’s a crazy hurricane
experiencing that’s a crazy hurricane this is a category five hurricane and
this is a category five hurricane and
this is a category five hurricane and the weird thing is a month later there
the weird thing is a month later there
the weird thing is a month later there was another one Hurricane Maria and it
was another one Hurricane Maria and it
was another one Hurricane Maria and it hit Puerto Rico and people in Puerto
hit Puerto Rico and people in Puerto
hit Puerto Rico and people in Puerto Rico still don’t have water still don’t
Rico still don’t have water still don’t
Rico still don’t have water still don’t have electricity in many parts of the
have electricity in many parts of the
have electricity in many parts of the island they’re still reacting to this
island they’re still reacting to this
island they’re still reacting to this hurricane now climate change didn’t make
hurricane now climate change didn’t make
hurricane now climate change didn’t make these hurricanes happen hurricanes have
these hurricanes happen hurricanes have
these hurricanes happen hurricanes have always happened the thing that climate
always happened the thing that climate
always happened the thing that climate change does is it heats things up mean
change does is it heats things up mean
change does is it heats things up mean when you heat up the ocean you’re
when you heat up the ocean you’re
when you heat up the ocean you’re basically creating more fuel for the
basically creating more fuel for the
basically creating more fuel for the hurricane it’s kind of like having more
hurricane it’s kind of like having more
hurricane it’s kind of like having more fuel for a wildfire or more heat in the
fuel for a wildfire or more heat in the
fuel for a wildfire or more heat in the ocean mix stronger work they mix a
ocean mix stronger work they mix a
ocean mix stronger work they mix a meaner and so we’re starting to see
meaner and so we’re starting to see
meaner and so we’re starting to see stronger and harder to deal with weather
stronger and harder to deal with weather
stronger and harder to deal with weather events already and this is just the
events already and this is just the
events already and this is just the beginning
beginning
beginning so to recap here to add to it to deal
so to recap here to add to it to deal
so to recap here to add to it to deal with climate change we’re gonna have to
with climate change we’re gonna have to
with climate change we’re gonna have to really change our behavior we have to
really change our behavior we have to
really change our behavior we have to change the way society organizes we have
change the way society organizes we have
change the way society organizes we have to be on those blue curves where we’re
to be on those blue curves where we’re
to be on those blue curves where we’re taking carbon dioxide out of the
taking carbon dioxide out of the
taking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere by the time you’re my age so
atmosphere by the time you’re my age so
atmosphere by the time you’re my age so we’re either gonna change the way we
we’re either gonna change the way we
we’re either gonna change the way we live and the way organ societies
live and the way organ societies
live and the way organ societies organize pretty radically in your
organize pretty radically in your
organize pretty radically in your lifetime or nature is going to do it for
lifetime or nature is going to do it for
lifetime or nature is going to do it for us so that’s a lot of implications for
us so that’s a lot of implications for
us so that’s a lot of implications for you
so I wanted to finish this talk by
so I wanted to finish this talk by giving you a sense of what this means
giving you a sense of what this means
giving you a sense of what this means for you okay I’m not trying to get you
for you okay I’m not trying to get you
for you okay I’m not trying to get you out there to go and recycle or whatever
out there to go and recycle or whatever
out there to go and recycle or whatever I I’m trying to find a message for you
I I’m trying to find a message for you
I I’m trying to find a message for you guys right now about what this means for
guys right now about what this means for
guys right now about what this means for how you should organize the course of
how you should organize the course of
how you should organize the course of your life and I’d like to take some cues
your life and I’d like to take some cues
your life and I’d like to take some cues some clues from what’s happened in my
some clues from what’s happened in my
some clues from what’s happened in my life so I used to be an academic and
life so I used to be an academic and
life so I used to be an academic and work with a very limited set of people
work with a very limited set of people
work with a very limited set of people and then I changed the career my career
and then I changed the career my career
and then I changed the career my career and now I work with a whole bunch of
and now I work with a whole bunch of
and now I work with a whole bunch of different people and my work there are
different people and my work there are
different people and my work there are people with different skill sets people
people with different skill sets people
people with different skill sets people that are lawyers and economists and
that are lawyers and economists and
that are lawyers and economists and public policy people and then outside of
public policy people and then outside of
public policy people and then outside of work I talk to journalists I talk to
work I talk to journalists I talk to
work I talk to journalists I talk to politicians I talk to investors I talk
politicians I talk to investors I talk
politicians I talk to investors I talk to activists a whole lot of different
to activists a whole lot of different
to activists a whole lot of different people so working with different people
people so working with different people
people so working with different people is a really important part of being
is a really important part of being
is a really important part of being successful and in the changing world
successful and in the changing world
successful and in the changing world that we’re going into it’s gonna be a
that we’re going into it’s gonna be a
that we’re going into it’s gonna be a really important part free for you guys
really important part free for you guys
really important part free for you guys and it’s gonna so it’s it’s two things
and it’s gonna so it’s it’s two things
and it’s gonna so it’s it’s two things the first part is being flexible I had
the first part is being flexible I had
the first part is being flexible I had to change from what I was doing in
to change from what I was doing in
to change from what I was doing in physics to something else so a lot of
physics to something else so a lot of
physics to something else so a lot of knowledge that I had as a physicist not
knowledge that I had as a physicist not
knowledge that I had as a physicist not so useful to be today for me but a lot
so useful to be today for me but a lot
so useful to be today for me but a lot but I still got to take the skills and
but I still got to take the skills and
but I still got to take the skills and the ways of learning as a physicist and
the ways of learning as a physicist and
the ways of learning as a physicist and I got to bring them into a new arena and
I got to bring them into a new arena and
I got to bring them into a new arena and that was fun
that was fun
that was fun the other thing is I had to learn to
the other thing is I had to learn to
the other thing is I had to learn to communicate more I had to work with
communicate more I had to work with
communicate more I had to work with people that were different from me I had
people that were different from me I had
people that were different from me I had to write a lot more I had to get up and
to write a lot more I had to get up and
to write a lot more I had to get up and give TED talks and hopefully you guys
give TED talks and hopefully you guys
give TED talks and hopefully you guys will do a better job than that then then
will do a better job than that then then
will do a better job than that then then I can and and so it’s really important
I can and and so it’s really important
I can and and so it’s really important that you guys learn to find your voice
that you guys learn to find your voice
that you guys learn to find your voice like who you are but it’s also really
like who you are but it’s also really
like who you are but it’s also really important that you learn how to sing
important that you learn how to sing
important that you learn how to sing with other people so good luck
with other people so good luck
with other people so good luck [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] you
you
you [Music]
”
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