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The light side of the dark side. | Iona Macgregor | TEDxMelbourne


[Applause]

[Applause] so I want to talk about the power of

so I want to talk about the power of

so I want to talk about the power of negativity now that might not seem

negativity now that might not seem

negativity now that might not seem obvious given how much has been written

obvious given how much has been written

obvious given how much has been written and recorded about the power of

and recorded about the power of

and recorded about the power of positivity if you take a stroll through

positivity if you take a stroll through

positivity if you take a stroll through any bookshop particularly the self-help

any bookshop particularly the self-help

any bookshop particularly the self-help section you’ll see that positivity can

section you’ll see that positivity can

section you’ll see that positivity can help you achieve anything

help you achieve anything

help you achieve anything get rich influence people even find

get rich influence people even find

get rich influence people even find happiness and the power of negativity

happiness and the power of negativity

happiness and the power of negativity might seem even more counterintuitive

might seem even more counterintuitive

might seem even more counterintuitive given that I’m from the world of

given that I’m from the world of

given that I’m from the world of advertising which is a world of happy

advertising which is a world of happy

advertising which is a world of happy couple’s spotless kitchens and smiling

couple’s spotless kitchens and smiling

couple’s spotless kitchens and smiling dogs sometimes all in one ad but the

dogs sometimes all in one ad but the

dogs sometimes all in one ad but the problem is that we’ve oversaturated

problem is that we’ve oversaturated

problem is that we’ve oversaturated advertising with positivity and it’s not

advertising with positivity and it’s not

advertising with positivity and it’s not working anymore

working anymore

working anymore more than half of all Australians can’t

more than half of all Australians can’t

more than half of all Australians can’t remember a single ad they liked or even

remember a single ad they liked or even

remember a single ad they liked or even when they don’t like and we’ve made a

when they don’t like and we’ve made a

when they don’t like and we’ve made a massive logical error it’s as if we’ve

massive logical error it’s as if we’ve

massive logical error it’s as if we’ve tried to make advertising more likeable

tried to make advertising more likeable

tried to make advertising more likeable by cutting off all the edges but

by cutting off all the edges but

by cutting off all the edges but ultimately we’ve made it at best

ultimately we’ve made it at best

ultimately we’ve made it at best harmless but probably useless which is a

harmless but probably useless which is a

harmless but probably useless which is a giant waste of creativity and a giant

giant waste of creativity and a giant

giant waste of creativity and a giant waste of money and it’s best creativity

waste of money and it’s best creativity

waste of money and it’s best creativity isn’t supposed to just entertain and

isn’t supposed to just entertain and

isn’t supposed to just entertain and tell nice stories it’s supposed to make

tell nice stories it’s supposed to make

tell nice stories it’s supposed to make an impact at my agency we say that we

an impact at my agency we say that we

an impact at my agency we say that we want to make things that change things

want to make things that change things

want to make things that change things but to do that we have to harness the

but to do that we have to harness the

but to do that we have to harness the power of negativity and it’s true for

power of negativity and it’s true for

power of negativity and it’s true for advertising but it’s also true in any

advertising but it’s also true in any

advertising but it’s also true in any kind of relationship and even in

kind of relationship and even in

kind of relationship and even in innovation some of the most

innovation some of the most

innovation some of the most revolutionary innovations start with

revolutionary innovations start with

revolutionary innovations start with something very negative for example

something very negative for example

something very negative for example these pens so these pens are I’d say a

these pens so these pens are I’d say a

these pens so these pens are I’d say a revolutionary idea in the world of

revolutionary idea in the world of

revolutionary idea in the world of stationery they contain ink that’s made

stationery they contain ink that’s made

stationery they contain ink that’s made from pollution

from pollution

from pollution now that ink is called ARINC and it’s a

now that ink is called ARINC and it’s a

now that ink is called ARINC and it’s a project that we worked on with our

project that we worked on with our

project that we worked on with our clients Tiger Beer and the inventors of

clients Tiger Beer and the inventors of

clients Tiger Beer and the inventors of the technology behind ARINC gravity labs

the technology behind ARINC gravity labs

the technology behind ARINC gravity labs now originally we were just looking for

now originally we were just looking for

now originally we were just looking for a way to celebrate creative

a way to celebrate creative

a way to celebrate creative from the streets and we decided that

from the streets and we decided that

from the streets and we decided that instead of making an ad about it we

instead of making an ad about it we

instead of making an ad about it we should make something useful at all for

should make something useful at all for

should make something useful at all for creativity

creativity

creativity and we came across graffiti so ink from

and we came across graffiti so ink from

and we came across graffiti so ink from pollution it’s made by fitting carbon

pollution it’s made by fitting carbon

pollution it’s made by fitting carbon harvesting devices to chimneys and

harvesting devices to chimneys and

harvesting devices to chimneys and exhaust pipes the carbons captured

exhaust pipes the carbons captured

exhaust pipes the carbons captured before it enters the atmosphere and can

before it enters the atmosphere and can

before it enters the atmosphere and can then be transformed and purified to make

then be transformed and purified to make

then be transformed and purified to make safe usable ink we then package that up

safe usable ink we then package that up

safe usable ink we then package that up and distributed it to street artists and

and distributed it to street artists and

and distributed it to street artists and illustrators all over the world

illustrators all over the world

illustrators all over the world there are lots of great things about

there are lots of great things about

there are lots of great things about ARINC for a start it’s not just carbon

ARINC for a start it’s not just carbon

ARINC for a start it’s not just carbon neutral it’s actually carbon negative

neutral it’s actually carbon negative

neutral it’s actually carbon negative most traditional inks are made by

most traditional inks are made by

most traditional inks are made by burning fossil fuels and this one while

burning fossil fuels and this one while

burning fossil fuels and this one while you make it by using fossil fuels that

you make it by using fossil fuels that

you make it by using fossil fuels that are being burnt anyway and capturing

are being burnt anyway and capturing

are being burnt anyway and capturing those emissions secondly it can give an

those emissions secondly it can give an

those emissions secondly it can give an otherwise unroadworthy vehicle an extra

otherwise unroadworthy vehicle an extra

otherwise unroadworthy vehicle an extra lease of life it’s very expensive to

lease of life it’s very expensive to

lease of life it’s very expensive to change out an entire fleet of trucks or

change out an entire fleet of trucks or

change out an entire fleet of trucks or lorries if you fit them with carbon

lorries if you fit them with carbon

lorries if you fit them with carbon harvesting devices you can significantly

harvesting devices you can significantly

harvesting devices you can significantly reduce their emissions and thirdly it’s

reduce their emissions and thirdly it’s

reduce their emissions and thirdly it’s pretty cost effective ink is one of the

pretty cost effective ink is one of the

pretty cost effective ink is one of the most expensive liquids in the world to

most expensive liquids in the world to

most expensive liquids in the world to make it’s not quite as expensive as

make it’s not quite as expensive as

make it’s not quite as expensive as scorpion venom or LSD but it is more

scorpion venom or LSD but it is more

scorpion venom or LSD but it is more expensive than human blood but what I

expensive than human blood but what I

expensive than human blood but what I think is most interesting about ARINC is

think is most interesting about ARINC is

think is most interesting about ARINC is that it takes something incredibly

that it takes something incredibly

that it takes something incredibly negative something that’s stifling our

negative something that’s stifling our

negative something that’s stifling our cities something that’s killing people

cities something that’s killing people

cities something that’s killing people and transforms it into something

and transforms it into something

and transforms it into something positive a tool for self-expression and

positive a tool for self-expression and

positive a tool for self-expression and maybe a weapon for change so that’s what

maybe a weapon for change so that’s what

maybe a weapon for change so that’s what got me thinking if we can take something

got me thinking if we can take something

got me thinking if we can take something as negative as pollution and transform

as negative as pollution and transform

as negative as pollution and transform it into something positive then maybe we

it into something positive then maybe we

it into something positive then maybe we don’t need to spend quite so much time

don’t need to spend quite so much time

don’t need to spend quite so much time hiding from all the negativity around us

hiding from all the negativity around us

hiding from all the negativity around us and sweeping it under the rug because

and sweeping it under the rug because

and sweeping it under the rug because ultimately that’s what we do we’ve

ultimately that’s what we do we’ve

ultimately that’s what we do we’ve created a massive lie negativity isn’t

created a massive lie negativity isn’t

created a massive lie negativity isn’t inherently good or bad it’s just part

inherently good or bad it’s just part

inherently good or bad it’s just part and parcel of reality where there’s

and parcel of reality where there’s

and parcel of reality where there’s light there’s shade but if you look at

light there’s shade but if you look at

light there’s shade but if you look at the lengths we go to to filter out all

the lengths we go to to filter out all

the lengths we go to to filter out all of the negativity it’s pretty impressive

of the negativity it’s pretty impressive

of the negativity it’s pretty impressive who do you think the biggest

who do you think the biggest

who do you think the biggest perpetrators of this lie are the world

perpetrators of this lie are the world

perpetrators of this lie are the world of advertising maybe partly responsible

of advertising maybe partly responsible

of advertising maybe partly responsible but ultimately we all are or certainly

but ultimately we all are or certainly

but ultimately we all are or certainly anyone who’s on social media I know that

anyone who’s on social media I know that

anyone who’s on social media I know that on social media I would never share a

on social media I would never share a

on social media I would never share a bad hair day or a really sad desk supper

bad hair day or a really sad desk supper

bad hair day or a really sad desk supper of chips and gummy bears when I’m stuck

of chips and gummy bears when I’m stuck

of chips and gummy bears when I’m stuck late at the office

late at the office

late at the office I’ll only share things like nicely

I’ll only share things like nicely

I’ll only share things like nicely plated brunches and sunsets

plated brunches and sunsets

plated brunches and sunsets it might seem innocent but there’s more

it might seem innocent but there’s more

it might seem innocent but there’s more and more research coming out that shows

and more research coming out that shows

and more research coming out that shows that when we have endlessly positive

that when we have endlessly positive

that when we have endlessly positive feeds of golden moments from our family

feeds of golden moments from our family

feeds of golden moments from our family and our friends it’s associated with

and our friends it’s associated with

and our friends it’s associated with feelings of low self-worth anxiety and

feelings of low self-worth anxiety and

feelings of low self-worth anxiety and even depression just a 1% increase in

even depression just a 1% increase in

even depression just a 1% increase in likes and status updates has been

likes and status updates has been

likes and status updates has been correlated with a five to eight percent

correlated with a five to eight percent

correlated with a five to eight percent decrease in mental health and wellness

decrease in mental health and wellness

decrease in mental health and wellness now that’s a pretty toxic fantasy world

now that’s a pretty toxic fantasy world

now that’s a pretty toxic fantasy world but if we want to break out of it we’re

but if we want to break out of it we’re

but if we want to break out of it we’re going to have to find a way of dealing

going to have to find a way of dealing

going to have to find a way of dealing with the real-world negativity that

with the real-world negativity that

with the real-world negativity that we’ve tried so hard to avoid so what can

we’ve tried so hard to avoid so what can

we’ve tried so hard to avoid so what can we do well in maths and in linguistics

we do well in maths and in linguistics

we do well in maths and in linguistics they say two negatives make a positive

they say two negatives make a positive

they say two negatives make a positive so how about we fight fire with fire

so how about we fight fire with fire

so how about we fight fire with fire let’s not just dare to see the

let’s not just dare to see the

let’s not just dare to see the negativity around us for what it is

negativity around us for what it is

negativity around us for what it is why don’t we dare to be negative now

why don’t we dare to be negative now

why don’t we dare to be negative now being negative maybe comes naturally to

being negative maybe comes naturally to

being negative maybe comes naturally to me because I’m half French and anyone

me because I’m half French and anyone

me because I’m half French and anyone who’s been to France or maybe he’s been

who’s been to France or maybe he’s been

who’s been to France or maybe he’s been served by a parisian waiter will know

served by a parisian waiter will know

served by a parisian waiter will know that the French do negativity quite well

that the French do negativity quite well

that the French do negativity quite well and I notice it at home when I speak

and I notice it at home when I speak

and I notice it at home when I speak French a conversation with my

French a conversation with my

French a conversation with my four-year-old in the morning my goes

four-year-old in the morning my goes

four-year-old in the morning my goes something like come on darling it’s time

something like come on darling it’s time

something like come on darling it’s time to put your shoes on and leave a CD

to put your shoes on and leave a CD

to put your shoes on and leave a CD bitch – I’m at naughty norvo – now

bitch – I’m at naughty norvo – now

bitch – I’m at naughty norvo – now you don’t need to speak French to

you don’t need to speak French to

you don’t need to speak French to realize that all of the negativity I

realize that all of the negativity I

realize that all of the negativity I took pains to remove from my English I

took pains to remove from my English I

took pains to remove from my English I just put right back into the French it

just put right back into the French it

just put right back into the French it just comes out like that and I couldn’t

just comes out like that and I couldn’t

just comes out like that and I couldn’t understand why I do it’s almost like a

understand why I do it’s almost like a

understand why I do it’s almost like a reflex so I asked around me and some

reflex so I asked around me and some

reflex so I asked around me and some people said oh that’s just a cultural

people said oh that’s just a cultural

people said oh that’s just a cultural thing the French are always unhappy and

thing the French are always unhappy and

thing the French are always unhappy and miserable it’s the French paradox great

miserable it’s the French paradox great

miserable it’s the French paradox great quality of life

quality of life

quality of life unhappiness it may be true but other

unhappiness it may be true but other

unhappiness it may be true but other people had an interesting explanation

people had an interesting explanation

people had an interesting explanation which is that it’s a form of

which is that it’s a form of

which is that it’s a form of intellectual snobbery for the French

intellectual snobbery for the French

intellectual snobbery for the French bleak is chic its unsophisticated to be

bleak is chic its unsophisticated to be

bleak is chic its unsophisticated to be overly positive and you will be looked

overly positive and you will be looked

overly positive and you will be looked down on if you’re too cheery I think

down on if you’re too cheery I think

down on if you’re too cheery I think that’s probably also true but there’s

that’s probably also true but there’s

that’s probably also true but there’s something else about why the French love

something else about why the French love

something else about why the French love saying no quite so much and I think it’s

saying no quite so much and I think it’s

saying no quite so much and I think it’s because time and time again in French

because time and time again in French

because time and time again in French history philosophy and politics saying

history philosophy and politics saying

history philosophy and politics saying no has been a way to move things forward

no has been a way to move things forward

no has been a way to move things forward it’s been a road for progress take for

it’s been a road for progress take for

it’s been a road for progress take for example the iconic French rebel Joan of

example the iconic French rebel Joan of

example the iconic French rebel Joan of Arc so she said no to her father who

Arc so she said no to her father who

Arc so she said no to her father who wanted an arranged marriage she went on

wanted an arranged marriage she went on

wanted an arranged marriage she went on to say no to army generals who didn’t

to say no to army generals who didn’t

to say no to army generals who didn’t want a woman on the battlefield and she

want a woman on the battlefield and she

want a woman on the battlefield and she went on to say no to English rule and

went on to say no to English rule and

went on to say no to English rule and ultimately put an end to a hundred years

ultimately put an end to a hundred years

ultimately put an end to a hundred years of war and changed the outcome of France

of war and changed the outcome of France

of war and changed the outcome of France I wonder if she wasn’t also the first ad

I wonder if she wasn’t also the first ad

I wonder if she wasn’t also the first ad woman because 400 years before an

woman because 400 years before an

woman because 400 years before an English playwright ever said the pen is

English playwright ever said the pen is

English playwright ever said the pen is mightier than the sword she is actually

mightier than the sword she is actually

mightier than the sword she is actually quoted as saying I trust my banner forty

quoted as saying I trust my banner forty

quoted as saying I trust my banner forty times better than my sword she knew the

times better than my sword she knew the

times better than my sword she knew the power of words and images and then you

power of words and images and then you

power of words and images and then you can take someone like the philosopher

can take someone like the philosopher

can take someone like the philosopher Descartes Cartesian philosophy is

Descartes Cartesian philosophy is

Descartes Cartesian philosophy is perhaps the backbone of the French

perhaps the backbone of the French

perhaps the backbone of the French education system and guess what his

education system and guess what his

education system and guess what his entire methodology is based on doubt

entire methodology is based on doubt

entire methodology is based on doubt being critical saying no to things and

being critical saying no to things and

being critical saying no to things and it’s true that you can teach someone a

it’s true that you can teach someone a

it’s true that you can teach someone a positive skill and that might get them a

positive skill and that might get them a

positive skill and that might get them a job but if you teach them to be critical

job but if you teach them to be critical

job but if you teach them to be critical then you teach them to think for

then you teach them to think for

then you teach them to think for themselves and that’s potentially far

themselves and that’s potentially far

themselves and that’s potentially far more dangerous but far more powerful and

more dangerous but far more powerful and

more dangerous but far more powerful and then of course there’s the French

then of course there’s the French

then of course there’s the French Revolution so while the American

Revolution so while the American

Revolution so while the American Revolution may have been about saying

Revolution may have been about saying

Revolution may have been about saying yes to freedom to independence the

yes to freedom to independence the

yes to freedom to independence the French Revolution was about saying no to

French Revolution was about saying no to

French Revolution was about saying no to absolute monarchy and it led to the

absolute monarchy and it led to the

absolute monarchy and it led to the downfall of absolute monarchies right

downfall of absolute monarchies right

downfall of absolute monarchies right across Europe and not just the spread of

across Europe and not just the spread of

across Europe and not just the spread of French citizen rights the spread of

French citizen rights the spread of

French citizen rights the spread of universal human rights so time and time

universal human rights so time and time

universal human rights so time and time again know has been a really powerful

again know has been a really powerful

again know has been a really powerful way to move things forward and a

way to move things forward and a

way to move things forward and a detonator for change and what about

detonator for change and what about

detonator for change and what about today things may not be nearly as bad as

today things may not be nearly as bad as

today things may not be nearly as bad as they were in for

they were in for

they were in for 17th or 18th century France but if we

17th or 18th century France but if we

17th or 18th century France but if we constantly look on the bright side and

constantly look on the bright side and

constantly look on the bright side and we only want to see the positive side of

we only want to see the positive side of

we only want to see the positive side of things are we settling are we just

things are we settling are we just

things are we settling are we just assuming that the status quo is okay

assuming that the status quo is okay

assuming that the status quo is okay aren’t we also making a dangerous

aren’t we also making a dangerous

aren’t we also making a dangerous assumption that whatever got us here to

assumption that whatever got us here to

assumption that whatever got us here to a situation that’s pretty good we’ll

a situation that’s pretty good we’ll

a situation that’s pretty good we’ll continue to make things better I think

continue to make things better I think

continue to make things better I think we need to dare to be negative and dare

we need to dare to be negative and dare

we need to dare to be negative and dare to say no if we want to make things

to say no if we want to make things

to say no if we want to make things better or at least that’s what I tell

better or at least that’s what I tell

better or at least that’s what I tell myself when I lose my temper in French

myself when I lose my temper in French

myself when I lose my temper in French but what is true is that all of the

but what is true is that all of the

but what is true is that all of the positivity washing is very recent eight

positivity washing is very recent eight

positivity washing is very recent eight of the Ten Commandments were written as

of the Ten Commandments were written as

of the Ten Commandments were written as negative statements and that made for

negative statements and that made for

negative statements and that made for pretty sticky compelling communication

pretty sticky compelling communication

pretty sticky compelling communication even in advertising only in the 1950s

even in advertising only in the 1950s

even in advertising only in the 1950s the iconic work of Bill burnback used

the iconic work of Bill burnback used

the iconic work of Bill burnback used the power of negativity to great effect

the power of negativity to great effect

the power of negativity to great effect in this ad the car is called the lemon

in this ad the car is called the lemon

in this ad the car is called the lemon and it’s all about the power of saying

and it’s all about the power of saying

and it’s all about the power of saying no saying no to anything less than

no saying no to anything less than

no saying no to anything less than perfect

perfect

perfect is a testament to Volkswagens commitment

is a testament to Volkswagens commitment

is a testament to Volkswagens commitment to quality and excellence they say no to

to quality and excellence they say no to

to quality and excellence they say no to anything less than perfect coming off

anything less than perfect coming off

anything less than perfect coming off the assembly line we pick out the lemons

the assembly line we pick out the lemons

the assembly line we pick out the lemons so you get the plums now that’s work

so you get the plums now that’s work

so you get the plums now that’s work from the 50s but I haven’t seen any

from the 50s but I haven’t seen any

from the 50s but I haven’t seen any recent work for cars certainly that is

recent work for cars certainly that is

recent work for cars certainly that is this brave and it may cut through in the

this brave and it may cut through in the

this brave and it may cut through in the world of bland positivity but it also

world of bland positivity but it also

world of bland positivity but it also does something far more important it

does something far more important it

does something far more important it creates respect because it’s only when

creates respect because it’s only when

creates respect because it’s only when we’ve dare to acknowledge the negativity

we’ve dare to acknowledge the negativity

we’ve dare to acknowledge the negativity and the negative side of things that we

and the negative side of things that we

and the negative side of things that we can actually create something honest and

can actually create something honest and

can actually create something honest and credible even in the way we interact

credible even in the way we interact

credible even in the way we interact with each other you can take the example

with each other you can take the example

with each other you can take the example of job interviews

of job interviews

of job interviews so the question the cliche that everyone

so the question the cliche that everyone

so the question the cliche that everyone asks is or what are your imperfections

asks is or what are your imperfections

asks is or what are your imperfections or sometimes we ask why shouldn’t we

or sometimes we ask why shouldn’t we

or sometimes we ask why shouldn’t we hire you and how many times do you get

hire you and how many times do you get

hire you and how many times do you get the answer I’m a bit of a perfectionist

the answer I’m a bit of a perfectionist

the answer I’m a bit of a perfectionist or I’m overly focused those don’t sound

or I’m overly focused those don’t sound

or I’m overly focused those don’t sound like real weaknesses again it may not

like real weaknesses again it may not

like real weaknesses again it may not seem that important but those false

seem that important but those false

seem that important but those false negatives ultimately undermine the

negatives ultimately undermine the

negatives ultimately undermine the credibility of anything positive that

credibility of anything positive that

credibility of anything positive that may have been said

may have been said

may have been said before it’s only when we know how to

before it’s only when we know how to

before it’s only when we know how to really own and acknowledge the true

really own and acknowledge the true

really own and acknowledge the true negativity that we can build credibility

negativity that we can build credibility

negativity that we can build credibility and respect and in life as in

and respect and in life as in

and respect and in life as in advertising respect comes first

advertising respect comes first

advertising respect comes first love can follow now it’s all you know

love can follow now it’s all you know

love can follow now it’s all you know kind of well and good to talk about the

kind of well and good to talk about the

kind of well and good to talk about the power of negativity and you know I may

power of negativity and you know I may

power of negativity and you know I may be half French but there’s another half

be half French but there’s another half

be half French but there’s another half of me that is very British and deeply

of me that is very British and deeply

of me that is very British and deeply uncomfortable with the whole idea it’s

uncomfortable with the whole idea it’s

uncomfortable with the whole idea it’s makes me cringe it’s incredibly

makes me cringe it’s incredibly

makes me cringe it’s incredibly awkwardness inducing I mean the British

awkwardness inducing I mean the British

awkwardness inducing I mean the British can’t even take a compliment without

can’t even take a compliment without

can’t even take a compliment without apologizing so imagine what would happen

apologizing so imagine what would happen

apologizing so imagine what would happen if you had to do just the opposite

if you had to do just the opposite

if you had to do just the opposite positivity does make for more manageable

positivity does make for more manageable

positivity does make for more manageable pleasant conversations and there are

pleasant conversations and there are

pleasant conversations and there are times when we do need positivity but

times when we do need positivity but

times when we do need positivity but Abraham Lincoln said that it was from

Abraham Lincoln said that it was from

Abraham Lincoln said that it was from the tension and debate with his most

the tension and debate with his most

the tension and debate with his most able rivals that came the strongest

able rivals that came the strongest

able rivals that came the strongest resolutions so I was looking for a

resolutions so I was looking for a

resolutions so I was looking for a French quote to end this and I looked

French quote to end this and I looked

French quote to end this and I looked online there were twice as many about

online there were twice as many about

online there were twice as many about saying no as there were about saying yes

saying no as there were about saying yes

saying no as there were about saying yes and the most famous one Edith Piaf’s

and the most famous one Edith Piaf’s

and the most famous one Edith Piaf’s Nora Nagato hyung actually manages a

Nora Nagato hyung actually manages a

Nora Nagato hyung actually manages a quadruple negative I’m not sure how many

quadruple negative I’m not sure how many

quadruple negative I’m not sure how many languages can actually do that so I’ll

languages can actually do that so I’ll

languages can actually do that so I’ll just to end with this thought if you

just to end with this thought if you

just to end with this thought if you want to survive by all means use the

want to survive by all means use the

want to survive by all means use the power of positivity but if you want to

power of positivity but if you want to

power of positivity but if you want to change things then we need to dare to

change things then we need to dare to

change things then we need to dare to use negativity

use negativity

use negativity [Applause]

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