let me tell you a story an all-too-common story in all two tragic
all-too-common story in all two tragic
all-too-common story in all two tragic story that someone who might come to
story that someone who might come to
story that someone who might come to Austin Riggs or end up in any the
Austin Riggs or end up in any the
Austin Riggs or end up in any the offices of psychiatrists and
offices of psychiatrists and
offices of psychiatrists and psychotherapists around the world
psychotherapists around the world
psychotherapists around the world imagine a boy 3rd or 4th grade who has
imagine a boy 3rd or 4th grade who has
imagine a boy 3rd or 4th grade who has trouble sitting still fidgeting maybe
trouble sitting still fidgeting maybe
trouble sitting still fidgeting maybe he’s like some of you in the audience
he’s like some of you in the audience
he’s like some of you in the audience right now get sent to the principal and
right now get sent to the principal and
right now get sent to the principal and then to the counselor’s office
then to the counselor’s office
then to the counselor’s office turns out this boy’s got some difficult
turns out this boy’s got some difficult
turns out this boy’s got some difficult things going on at home his parents are
things going on at home his parents are
things going on at home his parents are fighting there’s an illness in one of
fighting there’s an illness in one of
fighting there’s an illness in one of his siblings but the teachers have to do
his siblings but the teachers have to do
his siblings but the teachers have to do their job they have to get him to sit
their job they have to get him to sit
their job they have to get him to sit still and listen to the lesson so he
still and listen to the lesson so he
still and listen to the lesson so he gets sent to a therapist maybe a
gets sent to a therapist maybe a
gets sent to a therapist maybe a psychiatrist to diagnose him with
psychiatrist to diagnose him with
psychiatrist to diagnose him with something we all know about called ADHD
something we all know about called ADHD
something we all know about called ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder he may improve somewhat get put on a
he may improve somewhat get put on a
he may improve somewhat get put on a medication get some therapy for that
medication get some therapy for that
medication get some therapy for that flash-forward several years now for that
flash-forward several years now for that
flash-forward several years now for that same young man now a teenager he’s in
same young man now a teenager he’s in
same young man now a teenager he’s in high school gets into the wrong crowd
high school gets into the wrong crowd
high school gets into the wrong crowd starts using alcohol and drugs again
starts using alcohol and drugs again
starts using alcohol and drugs again gets sent to a counselor he’s lucky
gets sent to a counselor he’s lucky
gets sent to a counselor he’s lucky actually to a therapist or a
actually to a therapist or a
actually to a therapist or a psychiatrist who gives him another
psychiatrist who gives him another
psychiatrist who gives him another diagnosis the diagnosis of substance
diagnosis the diagnosis of substance
diagnosis the diagnosis of substance abuse disorder may be alcoholism or
abuse disorder may be alcoholism or
abuse disorder may be alcoholism or maybe something else boy get some help
maybe something else boy get some help
maybe something else boy get some help goes back to high school but now it’s
goes back to high school but now it’s
goes back to high school but now it’s time for graduation his classmates are
time for graduation his classmates are
time for graduation his classmates are moving out going off to college getting
moving out going off to college getting
moving out going off to college getting jobs he struggles he has a job briefly
jobs he struggles he has a job briefly
jobs he struggles he has a job briefly sleeps later on more than one occasion
sleeps later on more than one occasion
sleeps later on more than one occasion loses his job ends up staying in bed for
loses his job ends up staying in bed for
loses his job ends up staying in bed for much longer than his good friend plays
much longer than his good friend plays
much longer than his good friend plays video games during the day rather than
video games during the day rather than
video games during the day rather than going out and socializing his friends
going out and socializing his friends
going out and socializing his friends aren’t in town anyway again he gets sent
aren’t in town anyway again he gets sent
aren’t in town anyway again he gets sent to some kind of counselor for therapist
to some kind of counselor for therapist
to some kind of counselor for therapist and this time the diagnosis may be
and this time the diagnosis may be
and this time the diagnosis may be depression or maybe gets referred to as
depression or maybe gets referred to as
depression or maybe gets referred to as having an anxiety disorder a few more
having an anxiety disorder a few more
having an anxiety disorder a few more years go on and his life doesn’t improve
years go on and his life doesn’t improve
years go on and his life doesn’t improve he starts to self-injure he cuts himself
he starts to self-injure he cuts himself
he starts to self-injure he cuts himself and after one particularly bad breakup
and after one particularly bad breakup
and after one particularly bad breakup with a girlfriend he threatens to commit
with a girlfriend he threatens to commit
with a girlfriend he threatens to commit suicide and again luckily ends up in the
suicide and again luckily ends up in the
suicide and again luckily ends up in the hospital
hospital
hospital rather than young through he gets yet
rather than young through he gets yet
rather than young through he gets yet another set of diagnosis is told that he
another set of diagnosis is told that he
another set of diagnosis is told that he has bipolar disorder or borderline
has bipolar disorder or borderline
has bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder now this is not the
personality disorder now this is not the
personality disorder now this is not the exception that I’m describing
exception that I’m describing
exception that I’m describing unfortunately this is how the diagnosis
unfortunately this is how the diagnosis
unfortunately this is how the diagnosis in our field have developed over time
in our field have developed over time
in our field have developed over time that it’s surprisingly easy to end up
that it’s surprisingly easy to end up
that it’s surprisingly easy to end up with five or even six diagnoses that I
with five or even six diagnoses that I
with five or even six diagnoses that I just described in one individual with
just described in one individual with
just described in one individual with one set of problems a quarter of
one set of problems a quarter of
one set of problems a quarter of Americans will get diagnosed with a
Americans will get diagnosed with a
Americans will get diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder at some time in
psychiatric disorder at some time in
psychiatric disorder at some time in their lives and the majority of those
their lives and the majority of those
their lives and the majority of those will get more than one diagnosis so what
will get more than one diagnosis so what
will get more than one diagnosis so what does this mean about our field what does
does this mean about our field what does
does this mean about our field what does it mean that someone can have so many
it mean that someone can have so many
it mean that someone can have so many different labels associated with them
different labels associated with them
different labels associated with them I’m not here to criticize those label in
I’m not here to criticize those label in
I’m not here to criticize those label in fact each and every one of them is given
fact each and every one of them is given
fact each and every one of them is given by someone caring in order to facilitate
by someone caring in order to facilitate
by someone caring in order to facilitate in their minds some kind of treatment
in their minds some kind of treatment
in their minds some kind of treatment but there’s a truth in there that I
but there’s a truth in there that I
but there’s a truth in there that I think we speak to all too infrequently
think we speak to all too infrequently
think we speak to all too infrequently in the field and that is where we are in
in the field and that is where we are in
in the field and that is where we are in the fields of psychiatry and psychology
the fields of psychiatry and psychology
the fields of psychiatry and psychology is that we’re describing symptoms we’re
is that we’re describing symptoms we’re
is that we’re describing symptoms we’re describing how somebody feels how
describing how somebody feels how
describing how somebody feels how somebody presents whether they’re
somebody presents whether they’re
somebody presents whether they’re depressed whether they’re anxious
depressed whether they’re anxious
depressed whether they’re anxious whether they’re abusing substances what
whether they’re abusing substances what
whether they’re abusing substances what we haven’t been able to describe yet is
we haven’t been able to describe yet is
we haven’t been able to describe yet is what the underlying causes are let me
what the underlying causes are let me
what the underlying causes are let me make an analogy to medical illnesses to
make an analogy to medical illnesses to
make an analogy to medical illnesses to make this clear imagine that instead of
make this clear imagine that instead of
make this clear imagine that instead of describing someone who’s having an
describing someone who’s having an
describing someone who’s having an appendicitis we describe someone as
appendicitis we describe someone as
appendicitis we describe someone as having abdominal pain fever nausea all
having abdominal pain fever nausea all
having abdominal pain fever nausea all very real all very important symptoms
very real all very important symptoms
very real all very important symptoms but each one doesn’t specify the foil
but each one doesn’t specify the foil
but each one doesn’t specify the foil note in fact there’s multiple reasons
note in fact there’s multiple reasons
note in fact there’s multiple reasons one could have fever nausea or abdominal
one could have fever nausea or abdominal
one could have fever nausea or abdominal pain but put together in a certain way
pain but put together in a certain way
pain but put together in a certain way with a certain type of dominant pain and
with a certain type of dominant pain and
with a certain type of dominant pain and you have appendicitis so that diagnosis
you have appendicitis so that diagnosis
you have appendicitis so that diagnosis is not just a symptom in fact it gets to
is not just a symptom in fact it gets to
is not just a symptom in fact it gets to something that in medicine we refer to
something that in medicine we refer to
something that in medicine we refer to as pathos
as pathos
as pathos physiology a word that means we
physiology a word that means we
physiology a word that means we understand what the underlying problem
understand what the underlying problem
understand what the underlying problem is we know that the appendix is inflamed
is we know that the appendix is inflamed
is we know that the appendix is inflamed infected and in also in most cases
infected and in also in most cases
infected and in also in most cases refers to a potential treatment we know
refers to a potential treatment we know
refers to a potential treatment we know that the way to treat an appendicitis is
that the way to treat an appendicitis is
that the way to treat an appendicitis is to remove the appendix in appendectomy
to remove the appendix in appendectomy
to remove the appendix in appendectomy so by identifying the underlying cause
so by identifying the underlying cause
so by identifying the underlying cause that not referring to it as a series of
that not referring to it as a series of
that not referring to it as a series of symptoms as important as those are we
symptoms as important as those are we
symptoms as important as those are we set ourselves up to treat and to heal
set ourselves up to treat and to heal
set ourselves up to treat and to heal another example this would be pneumonia
another example this would be pneumonia
another example this would be pneumonia pneumonia involves a cause but we don’t
pneumonia involves a cause but we don’t
pneumonia involves a cause but we don’t refer to it as a call we refer to it by
refer to it as a call we refer to it by
refer to it as a call we refer to it by its underlying name pneumonia what you
its underlying name pneumonia what you
its underlying name pneumonia what you might not know is the history of
might not know is the history of
might not know is the history of medicine is filled with examples where
medicine is filled with examples where
medicine is filled with examples where we refer to things initially by their
we refer to things initially by their
we refer to things initially by their symptoms because that’s what we knew
symptoms because that’s what we knew
symptoms because that’s what we knew famous example of this is a disorder
famous example of this is a disorder
famous example of this is a disorder that used to be known called dropsy or
that used to be known called dropsy or
that used to be known called dropsy or hydrops II was the full name and what it
hydrops II was the full name and what it
hydrops II was the full name and what it meant was an accumulation of fluid but
meant was an accumulation of fluid but
meant was an accumulation of fluid but in the limbs or the abdomen what today
in the limbs or the abdomen what today
in the limbs or the abdomen what today we usually refer to as a demon now you
we usually refer to as a demon now you
we usually refer to as a demon now you may know there’s many reasons one can
may know there’s many reasons one can
may know there’s many reasons one can have an accumulation of fluid for
have an accumulation of fluid for
have an accumulation of fluid for example one very important reason would
example one very important reason would
example one very important reason would be heart failure but another could be a
be heart failure but another could be a
be heart failure but another could be a problem with the kidneys or even another
problem with the kidneys or even another
problem with the kidneys or even another could be some kind of a cancer that’s
could be some kind of a cancer that’s
could be some kind of a cancer that’s impairing the body’s ability to resort
impairing the body’s ability to resort
impairing the body’s ability to resort water but we don’t refer to it as dropsy
water but we don’t refer to it as dropsy
water but we don’t refer to it as dropsy anymore because we have those other
anymore because we have those other
anymore because we have those other names and we understand the underlying
names and we understand the underlying
names and we understand the underlying pathophysiology and therefore we can
pathophysiology and therefore we can
pathophysiology and therefore we can call it heart disease or kidney disease
call it heart disease or kidney disease
call it heart disease or kidney disease or cancer this is where we are in
or cancer this is where we are in
or cancer this is where we are in psychiatry today in psychology we are on
psychiatry today in psychology we are on
psychiatry today in psychology we are on the brink of being able to describe
the brink of being able to describe
the brink of being able to describe disorders by their pathophysiology not
disorders by their pathophysiology not
disorders by their pathophysiology not merely by their symptoms now that’s not
merely by their symptoms now that’s not
merely by their symptoms now that’s not an easy task and in order to get there
an easy task and in order to get there
an easy task and in order to get there we have tough things to understand so
we have tough things to understand so
we have tough things to understand so let me start with one this is a normal
let me start with one this is a normal
let me start with one this is a normal distribution curve or bell curve many of
distribution curve or bell curve many of
distribution curve or bell curve many of you may have learned about this in high
you may have learned about this in high
you may have learned about this in high school or college what does the bell
school or college what does the bell
school or college what does the bell curve tell us what it tells us is that
curve tell us what it tells us is that
curve tell us what it tells us is that average things happen more frequently
average things happen more frequently
average things happen more frequently than things at the extreme so if we
than things at the extreme so if we
than things at the extreme so if we imagine that to be higher on
imagine that to be higher on
imagine that to be higher on Merve means more people have that
Merve means more people have that
Merve means more people have that particular trait or symptom and to be
particular trait or symptom and to be
particular trait or symptom and to be off to the right side or to the left
off to the right side or to the left
off to the right side or to the left side is to suggest that fewer people
side is to suggest that fewer people
side is to suggest that fewer people lower have more extremes many many
lower have more extremes many many
lower have more extremes many many natural phenomena are described in this
natural phenomena are described in this
natural phenomena are described in this way height weight for example most
way height weight for example most
way height weight for example most people are somewhere in the middle and
people are somewhere in the middle and
people are somewhere in the middle and then some people fewer are higher and
then some people fewer are higher and
then some people fewer are higher and fewer or lower well it turns out that
fewer or lower well it turns out that
fewer or lower well it turns out that virtually every one of the psychiatric
virtually every one of the psychiatric
virtually every one of the psychiatric symptoms that we talk about depression
symptoms that we talk about depression
symptoms that we talk about depression anxiety substance abuse when measured
anxiety substance abuse when measured
anxiety substance abuse when measured lie along bell curve and what that tells
lie along bell curve and what that tells
lie along bell curve and what that tells you is that rather than falling neatly
you is that rather than falling neatly
you is that rather than falling neatly into groups of those who have the
into groups of those who have the
into groups of those who have the problem and those who don’t
problem and those who don’t
problem and those who don’t we’re actually describing something very
we’re actually describing something very
we’re actually describing something very human that we all are depressed
human that we all are depressed
human that we all are depressed sometimes that we all are anxious
sometimes that we all are anxious
sometimes that we all are anxious sometimes that there are fewer of us who
sometimes that there are fewer of us who
sometimes that there are fewer of us who have more and fewer who have less so
have more and fewer who have less so
have more and fewer who have less so what we are doing in most of
what we are doing in most of
what we are doing in most of contemporary psychiatry nowadays is
contemporary psychiatry nowadays is
contemporary psychiatry nowadays is drawing the vertical line on this chart
drawing the vertical line on this chart
drawing the vertical line on this chart and saying well we have more than a
and saying well we have more than a
and saying well we have more than a certain amount we’re going to refer to
certain amount we’re going to refer to
certain amount we’re going to refer to that as a diagnosis depression anxiety
that as a diagnosis depression anxiety
that as a diagnosis depression anxiety and so on and if you have less than that
and so on and if you have less than that
and so on and if you have less than that we’re going to refer to you as not
we’re going to refer to you as not
we’re going to refer to you as not having a diagnosis we’re dichotomizing
having a diagnosis we’re dichotomizing
having a diagnosis we’re dichotomizing something that is not intrinsically
something that is not intrinsically
something that is not intrinsically dichotomies and we do that for an
dichotomies and we do that for an
dichotomies and we do that for an important reason we have to make
important reason we have to make
important reason we have to make decisions about who to give treatments
decisions about who to give treatments
decisions about who to give treatments to and who to fund for other treatments
to and who to fund for other treatments
to and who to fund for other treatments but we can’t lose sight of the fact that
but we can’t lose sight of the fact that
but we can’t lose sight of the fact that right now that is what we’re describing
right now that is what we’re describing
right now that is what we’re describing by the way this is true of attentional
by the way this is true of attentional
by the way this is true of attentional disorders as well as much as it may seem
disorders as well as much as it may seem
disorders as well as much as it may seem that there are children who fit neatly
that there are children who fit neatly
that there are children who fit neatly into the category of ADHD or not in fact
into the category of ADHD or not in fact
into the category of ADHD or not in fact attentional disorders lie along this
attentional disorders lie along this
attentional disorders lie along this continuum so where do we need to go we
continuum so where do we need to go we
continuum so where do we need to go we need to move to a graph like this we
need to move to a graph like this we
need to move to a graph like this we need to be able to identify different
need to be able to identify different
need to be able to identify different aspects again pathophysiology of the
aspects again pathophysiology of the
aspects again pathophysiology of the mind the brain that allow us to as Plato
mind the brain that allow us to as Plato
mind the brain that allow us to as Plato said carved nature up by its joints to
said carved nature up by its joints to
said carved nature up by its joints to separate things out in a way that
separate things out in a way that
separate things out in a way that actually makes intrinsic
actually makes intrinsic
actually makes intrinsic since let me give you the medical
since let me give you the medical
since let me give you the medical example if we asked a group of people to
example if we asked a group of people to
example if we asked a group of people to describe some aspect of abdominal pain
describe some aspect of abdominal pain
describe some aspect of abdominal pain most people have some abdominal pain
most people have some abdominal pain
most people have some abdominal pain they fall somewhere in the middle much
they fall somewhere in the middle much
they fall somewhere in the middle much greater pain would be off to one side
greater pain would be off to one side
greater pain would be off to one side and lucky people who have no abdominal
and lucky people who have no abdominal
and lucky people who have no abdominal pain ever at all would be off to the
pain ever at all would be off to the
pain ever at all would be off to the other side and that would look like a
other side and that would look like a
other side and that would look like a normal distribution and if we will find
normal distribution and if we will find
normal distribution and if we will find our question though and instead of just
our question though and instead of just
our question though and instead of just asking about abdominal pain we did an
asking about abdominal pain we did an
asking about abdominal pain we did an x-ray or cat scan of the appendix and we
x-ray or cat scan of the appendix and we
x-ray or cat scan of the appendix and we saw in how many people is the appendix
saw in how many people is the appendix
saw in how many people is the appendix inflamed it would look more like this
inflamed it would look more like this
inflamed it would look more like this that is we would see a smaller sub group
that is we would see a smaller sub group
that is we would see a smaller sub group that had two inflamed appendices and we
that had two inflamed appendices and we
that had two inflamed appendices and we know what the treatment is for that and
know what the treatment is for that and
know what the treatment is for that and a larger group that doesn’t this is
a larger group that doesn’t this is
a larger group that doesn’t this is where we need to go in psychology and
where we need to go in psychology and
where we need to go in psychology and psychiatry but getting there is pretty
psychiatry but getting there is pretty
psychiatry but getting there is pretty tricky there are three parts that we
tricky there are three parts that we
tricky there are three parts that we have to accomplish and I’m happy to say
have to accomplish and I’m happy to say
have to accomplish and I’m happy to say that I think these are happening in the
that I think these are happening in the
that I think these are happening in the coming decade or two first we have to
coming decade or two first we have to
coming decade or two first we have to understand something about underlying
understand something about underlying
understand something about underlying vulnerabilities as much as we would like
vulnerabilities as much as we would like
vulnerabilities as much as we would like it to be true that we are all born
it to be true that we are all born
it to be true that we are all born exactly the same and everybody has the
exactly the same and everybody has the
exactly the same and everybody has the opportunity to be as healthy as the next
opportunity to be as healthy as the next
opportunity to be as healthy as the next we also know from many genetic analyses
we also know from many genetic analyses
we also know from many genetic analyses that this is not true we each come into
that this is not true we each come into
that this is not true we each come into the world with vulnerabilities that we
the world with vulnerabilities that we
the world with vulnerabilities that we inherit from our genome amazingly we now
inherit from our genome amazingly we now
inherit from our genome amazingly we now have the capacity to read out that
have the capacity to read out that
have the capacity to read out that genome for a relatively reasonable
genome for a relatively reasonable
genome for a relatively reasonable amount of money we can spend about a
amount of money we can spend about a
amount of money we can spend about a thousand dollars now to read out the
thousand dollars now to read out the
thousand dollars now to read out the totality of someone’s genome a project
totality of someone’s genome a project
totality of someone’s genome a project that only 20 years ago would cost
that only 20 years ago would cost
that only 20 years ago would cost billions the famous Human Genome Project
billions the famous Human Genome Project
billions the famous Human Genome Project which set the stage for current
which set the stage for current
which set the stage for current technologies that means that we have the
technologies that means that we have the
technologies that means that we have the ability to read this code we don’t yet
ability to read this code we don’t yet
ability to read this code we don’t yet know what the code means but gives us
know what the code means but gives us
know what the code means but gives us the opportunity to understand that
the opportunity to understand that
the opportunity to understand that within that code where are the
within that code where are the
within that code where are the vulnerabilities that will make certain
vulnerabilities that will make certain
vulnerabilities that will make certain individuals more likely to develop
individuals more likely to develop
individuals more likely to develop certain disorders in certain
certain disorders in certain
certain disorders in certain environmental contexts so that’s number
environmental contexts so that’s number
environmental contexts so that’s number one
one
one number two we need to understand the
number two we need to understand the
number two we need to understand the pathophysiology of
pathophysiology of
pathophysiology of the mind and the brain that’s the organ
the mind and the brain that’s the organ
the mind and the brain that’s the organ it’s the most complicated organ in the
it’s the most complicated organ in the
it’s the most complicated organ in the body and it’s the one we know the least
body and it’s the one we know the least
body and it’s the one we know the least about
about
about but we’re developing technologies that
but we’re developing technologies that
but we’re developing technologies that allow us to understand how the brain
allow us to understand how the brain
allow us to understand how the brain works in health and in illness the most
works in health and in illness the most
works in health and in illness the most important of those new technologies is
important of those new technologies is
important of those new technologies is something you’re probably familiar with
something you’re probably familiar with
something you’re probably familiar with MRI or magnetic resonance imaging that
MRI or magnetic resonance imaging that
MRI or magnetic resonance imaging that same technology that can be used to get
same technology that can be used to get
same technology that can be used to get those incredibly beautiful pictures of
those incredibly beautiful pictures of
those incredibly beautiful pictures of ones need when children can also be used
ones need when children can also be used
ones need when children can also be used to get a picture of the brain and this
to get a picture of the brain and this
to get a picture of the brain and this is relatively new technology been around
is relatively new technology been around
is relatively new technology been around for about 20 years and we’re making
for about 20 years and we’re making
for about 20 years and we’re making rapid progress just in the last couple
rapid progress just in the last couple
rapid progress just in the last couple years a major government effort that was
years a major government effort that was
years a major government effort that was inspired by the human human genome
inspired by the human human genome
inspired by the human human genome project this project called the human
project this project called the human
project this project called the human connectome project gathered data on over
connectome project gathered data on over
connectome project gathered data on over a thousand individuals healthy
a thousand individuals healthy
a thousand individuals healthy individuals to understand the way the
individuals to understand the way the
individuals to understand the way the brain is structured the way it functions
brain is structured the way it functions
brain is structured the way it functions and even the way different parts of the
and even the way different parts of the
and even the way different parts of the brain are connected the image I have
brain are connected the image I have
brain are connected the image I have above me is something called diffusion
above me is something called diffusion
above me is something called diffusion tensor imaging or DTI what it looks at
tensor imaging or DTI what it looks at
tensor imaging or DTI what it looks at is the pathways the wires that connect
is the pathways the wires that connect
is the pathways the wires that connect different parts of the brain that can
different parts of the brain that can
different parts of the brain that can process it and colors are used to
process it and colors are used to
process it and colors are used to illustrate the direction of those wires
illustrate the direction of those wires
illustrate the direction of those wires so really for the first time we’re able
so really for the first time we’re able
so really for the first time we’re able to apply technologies like this in an
to apply technologies like this in an
to apply technologies like this in an experimental research oriented way to
experimental research oriented way to
experimental research oriented way to individuals and look at the differences
individuals and look at the differences
individuals and look at the differences and the similarities between them that’s
and the similarities between them that’s
and the similarities between them that’s truly revolutionary and will give us I
truly revolutionary and will give us I
truly revolutionary and will give us I believe the opportunity to start to
believe the opportunity to start to
believe the opportunity to start to identify which regions of the brain and
identify which regions of the brain and
identify which regions of the brain and how they’re connected affect individuals
how they’re connected affect individuals
how they’re connected affect individuals we’re not there yet we can’t use MRIs
we’re not there yet we can’t use MRIs
we’re not there yet we can’t use MRIs today to diagnose or to treat mental
today to diagnose or to treat mental
today to diagnose or to treat mental illness but we’re getting there we can’t
illness but we’re getting there we can’t
illness but we’re getting there we can’t get too distracted by these technologies
get too distracted by these technologies
get too distracted by these technologies the excitement of the human genome
the excitement of the human genome
the excitement of the human genome project the excitement of the human
project the excitement of the human
project the excitement of the human connectome project to forget that where
connectome project to forget that where
connectome project to forget that where we are now and still need to understand
we are now and still need to understand
we are now and still need to understand the stories of our patients just like
the stories of our patients just like
the stories of our patients just like that boy and young man I described to
that boy and young man I described to
that boy and young man I described to you at the beginning of
you at the beginning of
you at the beginning of stalk it’s not enough to say that he’s
stalk it’s not enough to say that he’s
stalk it’s not enough to say that he’s depressed he’s anxious he has a
depressed he’s anxious he has a
depressed he’s anxious he has a substance abuse problem we need the full
substance abuse problem we need the full
substance abuse problem we need the full story would we at Austin Riggs often
story would we at Austin Riggs often
story would we at Austin Riggs often refer to as the deep story what’s
refer to as the deep story what’s
refer to as the deep story what’s happening the symptoms for sure also
happening the symptoms for sure also
happening the symptoms for sure also what the symptoms mean to him what did
what the symptoms mean to him what did
what the symptoms mean to him what did it mean that he was left behind when his
it mean that he was left behind when his
it mean that he was left behind when his friends went off to college or had jobs
friends went off to college or had jobs
friends went off to college or had jobs what does it mean that he’s depressed or
what does it mean that he’s depressed or
what does it mean that he’s depressed or using substances or even later on
using substances or even later on
using substances or even later on cutting himself these meanings are key
cutting himself these meanings are key
cutting himself these meanings are key we must match them up to those things
we must match them up to those things
we must match them up to those things that we learn in neuroscience as well as
that we learn in neuroscience as well as
that we learn in neuroscience as well as in genetics if we do that the future is
in genetics if we do that the future is
in genetics if we do that the future is bright
bright
bright [Applause]
”
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