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The art and science of storytelling | Aparna Athreya | TEDxBMSCE


good morning everybody good to see a

good morning everybody good to see a crowd of smiling faces and hopefully you

crowd of smiling faces and hopefully you

crowd of smiling faces and hopefully you can open your up okay so when I’m in an

can open your up okay so when I’m in an

can open your up okay so when I’m in an institution like this

institution like this

institution like this I remember my college days there are few

I remember my college days there are few

I remember my college days there are few standout movies I have and then I thank

standout movies I have and then I thank

standout movies I have and then I thank you I actually mean one you see I used

you I actually mean one you see I used

you I actually mean one you see I used to finish my days sitting in the back

to finish my days sitting in the back

to finish my days sitting in the back fence I was a bad mentor throughout

fence I was a bad mentor throughout

fence I was a bad mentor throughout right and where is that on the last vent

right and where is that on the last vent

right and where is that on the last vent there was this beautiful ornate engraved

there was this beautiful ornate engraved

there was this beautiful ornate engraved painstakingly John tombstone last night

painstakingly John tombstone last night

painstakingly John tombstone last night along

along

along I had a message on it and it attached

I had a message on it and it attached

I had a message on it and it attached and it read this in loving memory of all

and it read this in loving memory of all

and it read this in loving memory of all those who died waiting for large men to

those who died waiting for large men to

those who died waiting for large men to reach and I completely related with that

reach and I completely related with that

reach and I completely related with that right I didn’t stop there I remember in

right I didn’t stop there I remember in

right I didn’t stop there I remember in the restroom right into deep inside that

the restroom right into deep inside that

the restroom right into deep inside that really matter

really matter

really matter it’s a slash twice it’s a long way to

it’s a slash twice it’s a long way to

it’s a slash twice it’s a long way to the blackboard so and it was the one of

the blackboard so and it was the one of

the blackboard so and it was the one of things happen year after year it became

things happen year after year it became

things happen year after year it became a culture thing you know to put these

a culture thing you know to put these

a culture thing you know to put these messages out to keep these tombstones

messages out to keep these tombstones

messages out to keep these tombstones alive pun intended right so by the time

alive pun intended right so by the time

alive pun intended right so by the time I left college I remember that the

I left college I remember that the

I left college I remember that the lasting places look like a full-blown

lasting places look like a full-blown

lasting places look like a full-blown cemetery but I’m not here to talk about

cemetery but I’m not here to talk about

cemetery but I’m not here to talk about two stones or cemeteries I’m here to ask

two stones or cemeteries I’m here to ask

two stones or cemeteries I’m here to ask the question why is there such a mind

the question why is there such a mind

the question why is there such a mind death in a learning environment in a

death in a learning environment in a

death in a learning environment in a classroom and here is here is a report I

classroom and here is here is a report I

classroom and here is here is a report I came across which was done a study done

came across which was done a study done

came across which was done a study done in Indiana University in

here there was a survey done with high

here there was a survey done with high school students to study their interest

school students to study their interest

school students to study their interest loans and it was astounding

loans and it was astounding

loans and it was astounding two-thirds of every class of sixty six

two-thirds of every class of sixty six

two-thirds of every class of sixty six percent of the high school students said

percent of the high school students said

percent of the high school students said that they were born at least every day

that they were born at least every day

that they were born at least every day and if you read this report there is

and if you read this report there is

and if you read this report there is more horrifying detail stood right so

more horrifying detail stood right so

more horrifying detail stood right so here and the reason why I chose this

here and the reason why I chose this

here and the reason why I chose this report to talk in this movement is

report to talk in this movement is

report to talk in this movement is because this is one of the most

because this is one of the most

because this is one of the most comprehensive studies done for interest

comprehensive studies done for interest

comprehensive studies done for interest levels in the classroom it was done over

levels in the classroom it was done over

levels in the classroom it was done over hundred class schools over 27 states in

hundred class schools over 27 states in

hundred class schools over 27 states in the United States and it is very

the United States and it is very

the United States and it is very representative of any Asian classroom

representative of any Asian classroom

representative of any Asian classroom particularly and I know that I am a

particularly and I know that I am a

particularly and I know that I am a living example of the world that are

living example of the world that are

living example of the world that are talking about so on one hand we are up

talking about so on one hand we are up

talking about so on one hand we are up against huge boredom in the classroom

against huge boredom in the classroom

against huge boredom in the classroom won’t let me just keep that aside and

won’t let me just keep that aside and

won’t let me just keep that aside and talk about content learning content

talk about content learning content

talk about content learning content knowledge even from my college days I

knowledge even from my college days I

knowledge even from my college days I remember there was tons of information

remember there was tons of information

remember there was tons of information available freely textbooks guides learn

available freely textbooks guides learn

available freely textbooks guides learn a series like and now we are coming on

a series like and now we are coming on

a series like and now we are coming on the Internet

the Internet

the Internet it has exponentially listen there is

it has exponentially listen there is

it has exponentially listen there is enough and more information available

enough and more information available

enough and more information available content available everywhere in fact I

content available everywhere in fact I

content available everywhere in fact I was curiosity I did a Google search how

was curiosity I did a Google search how

was curiosity I did a Google search how to solve a binomial equation for black

to solve a binomial equation for black

to solve a binomial equation for black plus results and because it’s Google in

plus results and because it’s Google in

plus results and because it’s Google in point for two seconds

point for two seconds

point for two seconds right so it must kind of content

right so it must kind of content

right so it must kind of content available online and then I did a check

available online and then I did a check

available online and then I did a check on how many textbooks are there in

on how many textbooks are there in

on how many textbooks are there in algebra which was any way to talk about

algebra which was any way to talk about

algebra which was any way to talk about my normal equation four thousand six

my normal equation four thousand six

my normal equation four thousand six hundred thousand a textbook

hundred thousand a textbook

hundred thousand a textbook the point is content is available for

the point is content is available for

the point is content is available for the one hand everywhere and on the other

the one hand everywhere and on the other

the one hand everywhere and on the other hand you have a learner and there is a

hand you have a learner and there is a

hand you have a learner and there is a classroom in which this learning

classroom in which this learning

classroom in which this learning has to be assimilated with the learner

has to be assimilated with the learner

has to be assimilated with the learner but that is where there is a great great

but that is where there is a great great

but that is where there is a great great divide there is huge boredom that exists

divide there is huge boredom that exists

divide there is huge boredom that exists this content is on appeal it’s like a

this content is on appeal it’s like a

this content is on appeal it’s like a room full of goodies which is waiting to

room full of goodies which is waiting to

room full of goodies which is waiting to be discovered

be discovered

be discovered waiting to be learned want you to be

waiting to be learned want you to be

waiting to be learned want you to be curious about waiting to be taught but

curious about waiting to be taught but

curious about waiting to be taught but it’s inside for dead footballs with a

it’s inside for dead footballs with a

it’s inside for dead footballs with a very boy don’t like in front of it a lot

very boy don’t like in front of it a lot

very boy don’t like in front of it a lot and I don’t want to look inside I’m not

and I don’t want to look inside I’m not

and I don’t want to look inside I’m not motivated look inside it’s just your

motivated look inside it’s just your

motivated look inside it’s just your body all those burning precious learning

body all those burning precious learning

body all those burning precious learning material is locked up not good for

material is locked up not good for

material is locked up not good for learning so the overarching question is

learning so the overarching question is

learning so the overarching question is how can we be this content more lovable

how can we be this content more lovable

how can we be this content more lovable more appealing to the none I like you

more appealing to the none I like you

more appealing to the none I like you hang on to that question while I

hang on to that question while I

hang on to that question while I generate a contemporary version of a

generate a contemporary version of a

generate a contemporary version of a very famous ESOP thing Emily it was a

very famous ESOP thing Emily it was a

very famous ESOP thing Emily it was a very very hot day and I was burning up

very very hot day and I was burning up

very very hot day and I was burning up inside

inside

inside I’m City you don’t lie in the corner of

I’m City you don’t lie in the corner of

I’m City you don’t lie in the corner of a street on any given day is not an

a street on any given day is not an

a street on any given day is not an ideal spot and definitely not to deal

ideal spot and definitely not to deal

ideal spot and definitely not to deal with the Sun acting up

with the Sun acting up

with the Sun acting up oh I was feeling like barbecue inside

oh I was feeling like barbecue inside

oh I was feeling like barbecue inside and Amazon’s wallowing around in

and Amazon’s wallowing around in

and Amazon’s wallowing around in frustration I suddenly saw two humans

frustration I suddenly saw two humans

frustration I suddenly saw two humans walking down the road with their heads

walking down the road with their heads

walking down the road with their heads bent and sweat streaming down their

bent and sweat streaming down their

bent and sweat streaming down their faces and began to wonder what would it

faces and began to wonder what would it

faces and began to wonder what would it be

be

be how would it be if I would sweat if I

how would it be if I would sweat if I

how would it be if I would sweat if I could turn off sweaty but here I almost

could turn off sweaty but here I almost

could turn off sweaty but here I almost dry and I wish i

dry and I wish i

dry and I wish i cry and I don’t like this complaining I

cry and I don’t like this complaining I

cry and I don’t like this complaining I suddenly heard of corner oh oh there she

suddenly heard of corner oh oh there she

suddenly heard of corner oh oh there she was there she was good blackbird what

was there she was good blackbird what

was there she was good blackbird what was she doing oh she looked upset very

was she doing oh she looked upset very

was she doing oh she looked upset very upset indeed and she was going around in

upset indeed and she was going around in

upset indeed and she was going around in circles

circles

circles I wondered why but then I let it pass

I wondered why but then I let it pass

I wondered why but then I let it pass you see I noticed not women going on in

you see I noticed not women going on in

you see I noticed not women going on in circles without thinking in their

circles without thinking in their

circles without thinking in their thoughts I thought a minute possible

thoughts I thought a minute possible

thoughts I thought a minute possible suddenly towards me I was off the ground

suddenly towards me I was off the ground

suddenly towards me I was off the ground this was the first time ever off the

this was the first time ever off the

this was the first time ever off the ground this takes all good Oh in the

ground this takes all good Oh in the

ground this takes all good Oh in the meat of this bird it felt so good

probably not humans have stopped

probably not humans have stopped fighting Fisher but smart this comb is

fighting Fisher but smart this comb is

fighting Fisher but smart this comb is really really good

really really good

really really good it’s wonderful makes me feel so good I

it’s wonderful makes me feel so good I

it’s wonderful makes me feel so good I want to sing could we have some more

want to sing could we have some more

want to sing could we have some more makeup okay but in a OD dedication more

makeup okay but in a OD dedication more

makeup okay but in a OD dedication more makeup on cable

makeup on cable

makeup on cable Oh Yaya

FLE this song washable me so good life

FLE this song washable me so good life could be like this but then suddenly no

could be like this but then suddenly no

could be like this but then suddenly no life could not be like that

life could not be like that

life could not be like that because I saw that she swooped down on

because I saw that she swooped down on

because I saw that she swooped down on me telling me all the way down at my

me telling me all the way down at my

me telling me all the way down at my first bite was coming to an end

first bite was coming to an end

first bite was coming to an end oh gosh I don’t and she just dropped me

oh gosh I don’t and she just dropped me

oh gosh I don’t and she just dropped me drop me like a stone but that’s who I am

drop me like a stone but that’s who I am

drop me like a stone but that’s who I am I stole she dropped me right inside cop

I stole she dropped me right inside cop

I stole she dropped me right inside cop I’ve been to the bottom of a picture

I’ve been to the bottom of a picture

I’ve been to the bottom of a picture it’s better than water

it’s better than water

it’s better than water ah but water on this hot day this water

ah but water on this hot day this water

ah but water on this hot day this water felt good oh yeah he wants everything

felt good oh yeah he wants everything

felt good oh yeah he wants everything one of the meats to be like this

one of the meats to be like this

one of the meats to be like this oh I was feeling so good I wanted a tag

oh I was feeling so good I wanted a tag

oh I was feeling so good I wanted a tag this black lady forgive me Oh more

this black lady forgive me Oh more

this black lady forgive me Oh more stones falling down why my friends

stones falling down why my friends

stones falling down why my friends joining me it was like a stone reunion

joining me it was like a stone reunion

joining me it was like a stone reunion and we did a third team huddle together

and we did a third team huddle together

and we did a third team huddle together we felt almost good that’s when I

we felt almost good that’s when I

we felt almost good that’s when I noticed the water it was me all the way

noticed the water it was me all the way

noticed the water it was me all the way to the top up there she won oh my gosh

to the top up there she won oh my gosh

to the top up there she won oh my gosh it reached to the top and she didn’t she

it reached to the top and she didn’t she

it reached to the top and she didn’t she took a gulp of water she felt so much

took a gulp of water she felt so much

took a gulp of water she felt so much Sheen without a victorious we were all

Sheen without a victorious we were all

Sheen without a victorious we were all happy we broke into another happy song

happy we broke into another happy song

happy we broke into another happy song having the deep blue sky through water

having the deep blue sky through water

having the deep blue sky through water about me I drew her Barney Barney one

about me I drew her Barney Barney one

about me I drew her Barney Barney one bunny bunny they’ll be sunny sunny sunny

bunny bunny they’ll be sunny sunny sunny

bunny bunny they’ll be sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny sunny as you’re on the beach

sunny sunny sunny as you’re on the beach

sunny sunny sunny as you’re on the beach and that’s how they all lived another

and that’s how they all lived another

and that’s how they all lived another happy day together thank you

happy day together thank you

happy day together thank you [Music]

there are two reasons why I chose this

there are two reasons why I chose this story to tell you

story to tell you

story to tell you reason one is because with hundred

reason one is because with hundred

reason one is because with hundred percent certainty

percent certainty

percent certainty I knew that each one of you in the story

I knew that each one of you in the story

I knew that each one of you in the story at least once and the name of the story

at least once and the name of the story

at least once and the name of the story is the third secret and cue yeah you’re

is the third secret and cue yeah you’re

is the third secret and cue yeah you’re all knowledgeable geniuses and I decided

all knowledgeable geniuses and I decided

all knowledgeable geniuses and I decided to tell the story was because I wanted

to tell the story was because I wanted

to tell the story was because I wanted to underpin how a simple story such as a

to underpin how a simple story such as a

to underpin how a simple story such as a thirsty crowd which is heard which is

thirsty crowd which is heard which is

thirsty crowd which is heard which is been heard a million times in households

been heard a million times in households

been heard a million times in households and classrooms and boardrooms and I so

and classrooms and boardrooms and I so

and classrooms and boardrooms and I so the reason why the story appeals each

the reason why the story appeals each

the reason why the story appeals each one of you I know it did the reason why

one of you I know it did the reason why

one of you I know it did the reason why I did was not just because you’re the

I did was not just because you’re the

I did was not just because you’re the great audience thank you you are yes but

great audience thank you you are yes but

great audience thank you you are yes but it’s also because you are multi

it’s also because you are multi

it’s also because you are multi intelligent you see Howard Gardner a

intelligent you see Howard Gardner a

intelligent you see Howard Gardner a great scientist in the early 80s

great scientist in the early 80s

great scientist in the early 80s propounded the theory of multiple

propounded the theory of multiple

propounded the theory of multiple intelligence it’s a very complex unit

intelligence it’s a very complex unit

intelligence it’s a very complex unit but for the relevance of the stop

but for the relevance of the stop

but for the relevance of the stop simplistically put he suggests that each

simplistically put he suggests that each

simplistically put he suggests that each one of us has been the stone with a

one of us has been the stone with a

one of us has been the stone with a blend of distinguishable intelligences

blend of distinguishable intelligences

blend of distinguishable intelligences as against a single unilateral indexing

as against a single unilateral indexing

as against a single unilateral indexing that was earlier thought to be so he

that was earlier thought to be so he

that was earlier thought to be so he talks about he suggests a blend of eight

talks about he suggests a blend of eight

talks about he suggests a blend of eight distinguishable intelligences musical

distinguishable intelligences musical

distinguishable intelligences musical linguistic interpersonal naturalistic

linguistic interpersonal naturalistic

linguistic interpersonal naturalistic right and this blend of intelligences

right and this blend of intelligences

right and this blend of intelligences each of us has a few dominant ones

each of us has a few dominant ones

each of us has a few dominant ones versus C which are not so dominant and

versus C which are not so dominant and

versus C which are not so dominant and that is different for each one of us and

that is different for each one of us and

that is different for each one of us and when we appreciate that we have a

when we appreciate that we have a

when we appreciate that we have a roomful of people who have different

roomful of people who have different

roomful of people who have different then I’ll commemorate a story to you

then I’ll commemorate a story to you

then I’ll commemorate a story to you which has incorporated some more of

which has incorporated some more of

which has incorporated some more of these intelligences a story which is

these intelligences a story which is

these intelligences a story which is musical Estonian it is intrapersonal a

musical Estonian it is intrapersonal a

musical Estonian it is intrapersonal a story which is naturalistic or a story

story which is naturalistic or a story

story which is naturalistic or a story which is logical

which is logical

which is logical will appeal to every listener who’s

will appeal to every listener who’s

will appeal to every listener who’s dominant intelligence is aligned with

dominant intelligence is aligned with

dominant intelligence is aligned with this intelligence and that is why this

this intelligence and that is why this

this intelligence and that is why this story of these to each one of you your

story of these to each one of you your

story of these to each one of you your power and intelligence kicks in you

power and intelligence kicks in you

power and intelligence kicks in you connect you want to hear it but you

connect you want to hear it but you

connect you want to hear it but you might ask me so what has this story got

might ask me so what has this story got

might ask me so what has this story got to do with learning right and I want to

to do with learning right and I want to

to do with learning right and I want to introduce you to a new dimension of how

introduce you to a new dimension of how

introduce you to a new dimension of how a simple story can be made into a

a simple story can be made into a

a simple story can be made into a learning experience in a multi-faceted

learning experience in a multi-faceted

learning experience in a multi-faceted manner right so this simple story of the

manner right so this simple story of the

manner right so this simple story of the thirsty crow can be used to trigger

thirsty crow can be used to trigger

thirsty crow can be used to trigger thought to trigger learning and to the

thought to trigger learning and to the

thought to trigger learning and to the discussion in a topic such as water

discussion in a topic such as water

discussion in a topic such as water conservation or ecological balance the

conservation or ecological balance the

conservation or ecological balance the same thirsty crow can be used to trigger

same thirsty crow can be used to trigger

same thirsty crow can be used to trigger thought and learning in a life skill

thought and learning in a life skill

thought and learning in a life skill such as Brazilians or crisis management

such as Brazilians or crisis management

such as Brazilians or crisis management the black lady was pretty good at

the black lady was pretty good at

the black lady was pretty good at managing a crisis or percipient she

managing a crisis or percipient she

managing a crisis or percipient she never gave up me she the same thirsty

never gave up me she the same thirsty

never gave up me she the same thirsty crow who thirsty crow can be used

crow who thirsty crow can be used

crow who thirsty crow can be used through the discussion learning and

through the discussion learning and

through the discussion learning and thought in the concept of the Archimedes

thought in the concept of the Archimedes

thought in the concept of the Archimedes principle of buoyancy and displacement

principle of buoyancy and displacement

principle of buoyancy and displacement would you agree upon the weight of the

would you agree upon the weight of the

would you agree upon the weight of the permission release so you see a story

permission release so you see a story

permission release so you see a story such as this can be used to trigger

such as this can be used to trigger

such as this can be used to trigger thought and learning how that water gets

thought and learning how that water gets

thought and learning how that water gets displaced when you drop that stone

displaced when you drop that stone

displaced when you drop that stone inside the point is Archimedes principle

inside the point is Archimedes principle

inside the point is Archimedes principle is learning content its knowledge

is learning content its knowledge

is learning content its knowledge that’s your the state for good it’s a

that’s your the state for good it’s a

that’s your the state for good it’s a constant when there are many spoons

constant when there are many spoons

constant when there are many spoons it is symbolic of any learning content

it is symbolic of any learning content

it is symbolic of any learning content it could be it could be VR

it could be it could be VR

it could be it could be VR Howard business theories it could be

Howard business theories it could be

Howard business theories it could be anything

anything

anything it could be any scientific theory it

it could be any scientific theory it

it could be any scientific theory it could be any theory about how the

could be any theory about how the

could be any theory about how the applicant italics it may happen and the

applicant italics it may happen and the

applicant italics it may happen and the learner there is never going to be a

learner there is never going to be a

learner there is never going to be a dearth of learners

dearth of learners

dearth of learners that’s another constant you will keep

that’s another constant you will keep

that’s another constant you will keep having content you will keep having

having content you will keep having

having content you will keep having learners but when you make this content

learners but when you make this content

learners but when you make this content rich rich multi intelligent and faculty

rich rich multi intelligent and faculty

rich rich multi intelligent and faculty does a story that learner comes closer

does a story that learner comes closer

does a story that learner comes closer to this content and you’re bridging the

to this content and you’re bridging the

to this content and you’re bridging the gap between the content and in the

gap between the content and in the

gap between the content and in the learner so if you use a story a simple

learner so if you use a story a simple

learner so if you use a story a simple story can be used to plug in different

story can be used to plug in different

story can be used to plug in different content based on the way you tell the

content based on the way you tell the

content based on the way you tell the story and that same story can be told by

story and that same story can be told by

story and that same story can be told by using multiple intelligences doing this

using multiple intelligences doing this

using multiple intelligences doing this you bring the learner closer to the

you bring the learner closer to the

you bring the learner closer to the content I like to call stories the firm

content I like to call stories the firm

content I like to call stories the firm ones of learning it attracts the loner

ones of learning it attracts the loner

ones of learning it attracts the loner irresistible to the content it makes

irresistible to the content it makes

irresistible to the content it makes learners go like this towards content

learners go like this towards content

learners go like this towards content and I can tell you because I have done

and I can tell you because I have done

and I can tell you because I have done enough research to know that it does and

enough research to know that it does and

enough research to know that it does and I’m not talking about just the classroom

I’m not talking about just the classroom

I’m not talking about just the classroom the same logic wave fulfilled in a

the same logic wave fulfilled in a

the same logic wave fulfilled in a boardroom or a classroom or any

boardroom or a classroom or any

boardroom or a classroom or any conferred space or inside a lab so I

conferred space or inside a lab so I

conferred space or inside a lab so I will end with this once I make a very

will end with this once I make a very

will end with this once I make a very flamboyant businessman in Airport in San

flamboyant businessman in Airport in San

flamboyant businessman in Airport in San Francisco him sitting by my side and he

Francisco him sitting by my side and he

Francisco him sitting by my side and he was so stylish

was so stylish

was so stylish I couldn’t take my eyes off him but we

I couldn’t take my eyes off him but we

I couldn’t take my eyes off him but we were having different destinations there

were having different destinations there

were having different destinations there was one thing we hadn’t come passion his

was one thing we hadn’t come passion his

was one thing we hadn’t come passion his passion for cigars

passion for cigars

passion for cigars my passion for stories an Easter and we

my passion for stories an Easter and we

my passion for stories an Easter and we chit-chatted about this and that and I

chit-chatted about this and that and I

chit-chatted about this and that and I was most waiting and then I saw him put

was most waiting and then I saw him put

was most waiting and then I saw him put his hand inside his pocket and pull out

his hand inside his pocket and pull out

his hand inside his pocket and pull out of beautiful-looking Cuban cigar clearly

of beautiful-looking Cuban cigar clearly

of beautiful-looking Cuban cigar clearly an expensive wonderful intricately Cuban

an expensive wonderful intricately Cuban

an expensive wonderful intricately Cuban cigar lovingly and he brought it to his

cigar lovingly and he brought it to his

cigar lovingly and he brought it to his nose took a great whiff of it

nose took a great whiff of it

nose took a great whiff of it inhale and then he said something to me

inhale and then he said something to me

inhale and then he said something to me I will never forget he said when it

I will never forget he said when it

I will never forget he said when it comes to a cigar it’s not the tobacco

comes to a cigar it’s not the tobacco

comes to a cigar it’s not the tobacco but the lava that’s the most precious it

but the lava that’s the most precious it

but the lava that’s the most precious it gives tactic Geneva color even the name

gives tactic Geneva color even the name

gives tactic Geneva color even the name to the Cuban cigar and I wanted to do

to the Cuban cigar and I wanted to do

to the Cuban cigar and I wanted to do the deep green color you see sometimes

the deep green color you see sometimes

the deep green color you see sometimes the wrapper is so exquisite

the wrapper is so exquisite

the wrapper is so exquisite it makes what’s inside more valuable to

it makes what’s inside more valuable to

it makes what’s inside more valuable to me stories and historically are like the

me stories and historically are like the

me stories and historically are like the wrappers to the cigar they give

wrappers to the cigar they give

wrappers to the cigar they give character flavor and op2 context to

character flavor and op2 context to

character flavor and op2 context to learning content so it is a gentleman

learning content so it is a gentleman

learning content so it is a gentleman let’s go and wrap it all up thank you

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