observe a starry sky
me whenever I’m in front of
this image I feel the temptation
irresistible to count the stars up
this extraordinary image
taken by the hubble telescope
on December 8th 2014 at a corner
of the Milky Way 25 thousand light years from
animal land and beautiful that hides
an extraordinary complexity if
try to count the cells the stars of the
our sky in every corner that you
he manages to observe probably
you would be able to count between 200 and 400
billions of stars a huge amount
of objects that are very different from each other
interconnected expressing a
great mystery still great
part to explore but the most
extraordinary is that in doing that
calculation you have started an object
a thousand times more complex than ours
of our galaxy and yours
brain
this is the image of a neuron
each of us or 86 billion in
brain together with a quantity of
capable organized and structured cells
to react to the stimuli that make a thousand
billions of cells inside ours
brain a thousand billion cells in the
brain is a number that surpasses
the stars of our galaxy
this too is a mystery again
unexplored a mister
unexplored that we do not know how
functions but we know that it works there
helps to live every day a
breathe interact with others a
generate technology to get used to
technology to develop capable machines
to calculate a number of data that
extraordinarily larger than the
ability to organize ours
brain for some aspects
or maybe not the brain is organized
by connecting cells to each other developing
synapses the synapses are the network
biological at the base of our thinking
we have 100 thousand billion in our brains
of synapses and a quantity
extraordinarily big but this one
quantity so big is not
comparable today with
the calculation capacity of the
the biggest supercomputer we have
generated today we have generated computers
capable of processing millions of billions
of operations every second this is
the image of taiwo blood and the
Chinese supercomputer more powerful al
world
this object created by ours
brain is able to process 93
millions of billions of operations each
second we are going towards
complexities that are apparently
superior to those of our galaxy
to that of our brains to those
of our ability to connect the
cells between them but we are living one
science fiction page and a page
of science fiction that I would like to leave in
this our chat on
complexity a page that has me
taught a lot
this is a passage from the book of
asimov a genius who in 1950 wrote in
to the robots, setting in a saga that
talk about how man will live in contact
with robots their natural life one
conversation between a person more
the biggest and the youngest is the most
great and asks the young man how old
you have and the young man answers 32 is the most
Big says well then you do not remember
one day the world without robots is there
It was a time when humanity was
alone to face the universe without a
friend now creatures that help her
creatures stronger than man more
faithful most useful absolutely loyal
humanity is no longer alone
it is extraordinary evocative in 1950 c
projected into the reasoning why the
technology when it passes becomes a
object so natural that it does not
realize the speed with which
we adapt, I have never understood the
scope of this message up to
background
until one day my son passed by
in front of this object, Dad asks me
what then imagine the amazement lelli
of my son in being told
that one day to call was necessary
stay close to a wall attached to a
object that did not send text messages that did not
he had whatsapp
because there are technologies with which i
our children are born and grow up
technologies that today in this room
I’m in the pocket of many of you inside
this room there is a capacity of
elaboration that the nasa did not have
when he sent on the moon and the first
man
today these objects have allowed us
to amplify our ability to
communicate at the moment each one of
you will have an email that talks to a
certain language to a certain kind of
people will have a little on facebook that
speak in a different language to others
types of people are objects they have
multiplied our capacity to
reach relationships with others
yet there is something in front of which the
cellphone today we must stop these
they are not objects capable of performing
actions in the physical world but then qual
it is the next frontier is inevitable
we will need to develop objects that
in the physical world develop nation
we will need to develop robots but in
actually every one of you has a robot at home
yes and I ‘m not talking about stations
complex and capable work
operations articulated but confined in
large industrial areas today I’m
talking about objects that they hear
the surrounding environment that they understand
what they must do that take some
actions and which move actions that
they understand what road to do if the dough
of my recipe is suitable if the
my room’s temperature works
these are robots, or better, they are
constituent elements of those that
they will be the robots
I’m lucky to have done a long one
path immersed in the search
scientific surrounded by scientists who
they were confronted with the complexity that
we have seen and I would like to be able to
share with you is made the pil like
this scientific research can
arrive in our craft houses
very hard that I was called to do can
get into your homes and robotics
for me it is an extraordinary example a
extraordinary example perhaps unique of one
technology capable of being the gym
the place of reception is convergence
of many many different ways of
face the science this is the robot
humanoid to cubs developed
from the Italian institute of technology of
genoa and adopted
from more than 30 research centers around
for the world, really a gym
where we must design joints capable of
be compliant or resistant
when it is needed, yielding in the case
opposite sensors that allow the robot
to understand where electronic is going
the software firmware must be developed
delusions of high-level systems of
vision must allow him to understand
what’s around him
in this passage the robot does not know
the red ball is shown one
he is told in a natural way
this is a red ball and him
acquires information becomes a
piece of his culture of his
consciousness
when they then ask him to show me the
red ball and robot will be able to
look at a destructured environment
recognize the object of interest of
indicate it and distinguish it from an object
that maybe he already knew
we need to create machines that start with
learn to acquire information i
processing systems that we are
we are creating to make a comparison
they are a little different from what today one
navigator today to your browser
we have already given the road map
and we ask him to bring us from one point
aa point b well these robots that
map will draw it alone will have to
choose how to do them
actions will have to put these together
input and must have a capacity of
processing that can not be carried out
behind it is here that we begin to work
with intelligence and distributed we work
in the cloud we can teach
new things to these robots
yes, because we will not be there
program them bad we will show
just like doing things
and that’s how they will build one
piece by piece a library of
knowledge that can be achieved through the cloud
share sharing between groups of
robot between the robot populations
speed with which the experience
collective of these robots will grow and
extraordinary imagine you have a
friend who makes sushi in Tokyo
extraordinary and imagine you want it
ask that this teaches it to his
robot and with a click can arrive
when it comes to your home robot
will manage to make you an extraordinary sushi
simply because he learned it from the
his colleague who is in Tokyo for this
it’s the closest thing to teleportation
that I can imagine
well they are experiments of the
synthesis experiments that are going to
arrive in our homes and have
a very distant past today to do
think a robot in terms of
information processing we use
of the mathematical structures that are
notes for 50 years are neural networks in which
the cells are digital connections
they are digital but the structure is reminiscent
much that of the brain well
they work because we have supercomputers
available that allow you to
process data in a lot more times
short than they did before
we have a quantity of data
available thanks to the internet to this
density of connections between us and
this allows us to train these
brains in a preventive manner and what ce
we would use all this intelligence
distributed
Well they will probably help us to live
better indeed, I am convinced of it
will help manage situations where
we need a presence and many
sometimes human presence is not always
available
it’s probably not possible to be
there in every hour of the day and night
so we can delegate actions that
maybe for us they are heavy routine
that they can do with a
level of interaction and stimulation
extraordinary
we can imagine being able to share
with them our shopping tastes and
find them in a store and maybe know
that they are our friends on facebook
they already know that I’m about to go on vacation
and I need that kind of surfboard and
maybe connect it with what’s in it
stock make an order so
connect with these systems
we could find it at our house maybe
I will have a grandmother who needs to be
accompanied during the day while
I’m at work I’ll have children a
which we will have to prepare breakfast
morning to let me enjoy the
good mood of the boys and not the boredom of
having to do to prepare clothes or
preparing breakfast is a path
which starts from a very great one
complexity distributed on neuroscience
on scene
if computerized on the ability to
generate the computer on the ability to
connect them together
good from this enormous complexity of the
which we are largely unaware
because we live in the middle every day
and from the ability to transform this
complexity in technology for
call the friend asimov
I can tell you we will not draw a future
better a future that is coming and
that will soon become your future
daily thank you
[Applause]
”
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