who among us has not gazed up into the Stars and wondered Who am I where do I
Stars and wondered Who am I where do I
Stars and wondered Who am I where do I come from how did I get here how long
come from how did I get here how long
come from how did I get here how long have we been gazing up at the stars and
have we been gazing up at the stars and
have we been gazing up at the stars and wondering where we came from how we got
wondering where we came from how we got
wondering where we came from how we got here where we’re going
fifty thousand years ago the ancestors
fifty thousand years ago the ancestors of many of us left Africa and headed out
of many of us left Africa and headed out
of many of us left Africa and headed out across the globe in different directions
across the globe in different directions
across the globe in different directions some went one way some went another
some went one way some went another
some went one way some went another others had preceded them others would
others had preceded them others would
others had preceded them others would follow have you ever wondered about your
follow have you ever wondered about your
follow have you ever wondered about your mother and father what they were like
mother and father what they were like
mother and father what they were like when they were your age what did they do
when they were your age what did they do
when they were your age what did they do what did they eat what were the
what did they eat what were the
what did they eat what were the successes how did they deal with the
successes how did they deal with the
successes how did they deal with the challenges that life dealt them or your
challenges that life dealt them or your
challenges that life dealt them or your grandmother and grandfather or their
grandmother and grandfather or their
grandmother and grandfather or their grandmothers and grandfathers what would
grandmothers and grandfathers what would
grandmothers and grandfathers what would it be like to meet them to talk to them
it be like to meet them to talk to them
it be like to meet them to talk to them to learn from them let’s do some deep
to learn from them let’s do some deep
to learn from them let’s do some deep stargazing and look forward look back
stargazing and look forward look back
stargazing and look forward look back fifty thousand years not over three
fifty thousand years not over three
fifty thousand years not over three generations but two thousand generations
generations but two thousand generations
generations but two thousand generations what would it be like to meet your
what would it be like to meet your
what would it be like to meet your great-grandmother a thousand times
great-grandmother a thousand times
great-grandmother a thousand times removed what was it like for her when
removed what was it like for her when
removed what was it like for her when she was living in ancient Rome what was
she was living in ancient Rome what was
she was living in ancient Rome what was it like for her when she lived in
it like for her when she lived in
it like for her when she lived in ancient Egypt what was it like for her
ancient Egypt what was it like for her
ancient Egypt what was it like for her when she lived in ancient China
when she lived in ancient China
when she lived in ancient China what did she experience let’s stare gaze
what did she experience let’s stare gaze
what did she experience let’s stare gaze even deeper in to the human past
even deeper in to the human past
even deeper in to the human past back 600 generations to a grandmother
back 600 generations to a grandmother
back 600 generations to a grandmother 600 times removed who visited the
600 times removed who visited the
600 times removed who visited the fantastic cave art the paintings and
fantastic cave art the paintings and
fantastic cave art the paintings and sculptures of the grottoes and shelters
sculptures of the grottoes and shelters
sculptures of the grottoes and shelters of southwestern France as the Ice Age
of southwestern France as the Ice Age
of southwestern France as the Ice Age began to draw to its close doesn’t that
began to draw to its close doesn’t that
began to draw to its close doesn’t that sound like magic but it’s not magic its
sound like magic but it’s not magic its
sound like magic but it’s not magic its science it’s the new science of the
science it’s the new science of the
science it’s the new science of the human past which is doing very nearly
human past which is doing very nearly
human past which is doing very nearly exactly this at this very moment we all
exactly this at this very moment we all
exactly this at this very moment we all know about the Scientific Revolution of
know about the Scientific Revolution of
know about the Scientific Revolution of our own time but it’s being accompanied
our own time but it’s being accompanied
our own time but it’s being accompanied by a scientific revolution in our
by a scientific revolution in our
by a scientific revolution in our understanding of the human past we’re
understanding of the human past we’re
understanding of the human past we’re familiar with the extraordinary
familiar with the extraordinary
familiar with the extraordinary technological and scientific changes
technological and scientific changes
technological and scientific changes that are sweeping through our world in
that are sweeping through our world in
that are sweeping through our world in this 21st century we know how the
this 21st century we know how the
this 21st century we know how the molecules of DNA are beginning to allow
molecules of DNA are beginning to allow
molecules of DNA are beginning to allow us to identify to predict to detect
us to identify to predict to detect
us to identify to predict to detect maybe even to cure diseases we know how
maybe even to cure diseases we know how
maybe even to cure diseases we know how the molecules of DNA are solving crimes
the molecules of DNA are solving crimes
the molecules of DNA are solving crimes we know how
we know how
we know how satellites are combining with climate
satellites are combining with climate
satellites are combining with climate scientists and supercomputers to
scientists and supercomputers to
scientists and supercomputers to understand the structure the scale the
understand the structure the scale the
understand the structure the scale the timing of extreme climate events we may
timing of extreme climate events we may
timing of extreme climate events we may even know how the digital humanities are
even know how the digital humanities are
even know how the digital humanities are collecting connecting and displaying
collecting connecting and displaying
collecting connecting and displaying analyzing data from past civilizations
these things are bringing us closer to
these things are bringing us closer to that grandmother 600 times removed
that grandmother 600 times removed
that grandmother 600 times removed because all this is now affecting our
because all this is now affecting our
because all this is now affecting our understanding of the human past we may
understanding of the human past we may
understanding of the human past we may not realize it but that same Scientific
not realize it but that same Scientific
not realize it but that same Scientific Revolution that affects our everyday
Revolution that affects our everyday
Revolution that affects our everyday life is transforming what we can know
life is transforming what we can know
life is transforming what we can know about the human past it is important to
about the human past it is important to
about the human past it is important to know where we come from if we want to
know where we come from if we want to
know where we come from if we want to know who we are and so historians for
know who we are and so historians for
know who we are and so historians for the last 200 years have been moving
the last 200 years have been moving
the last 200 years have been moving mountains of paper and parchment trying
mountains of paper and parchment trying
mountains of paper and parchment trying to understand what happened from the
to understand what happened from the
to understand what happened from the faith frail and narrow record of the
faith frail and narrow record of the
faith frail and narrow record of the humor
humor
humor past but that written record covers only
past but that written record covers only
past but that written record covers only slivers of what was going on where it
slivers of what was going on where it
slivers of what was going on where it was going on and only covers the last
was going on and only covers the last
was going on and only covers the last 5,000 years and so archaeologists know
5,000 years and so archaeologists know
5,000 years and so archaeologists know too that it is important to know where
too that it is important to know where
too that it is important to know where we’re coming from if we want to know who
we’re coming from if we want to know who
we’re coming from if we want to know who we are and where we’re going
we are and where we’re going
we are and where we’re going and they’ve been moving mountains of
and they’ve been moving mountains of
and they’ve been moving mountains of dirt using pickaxes and trials and
dirt using pickaxes and trials and
dirt using pickaxes and trials and toothbrushes to discover things from the
toothbrushes to discover things from the
toothbrushes to discover things from the human past to push our knowledge of the
human past to push our knowledge of the
human past to push our knowledge of the human past past that boundary of 5,000
human past past that boundary of 5,000
human past past that boundary of 5,000 years and into areas that we can’t see
years and into areas that we can’t see
years and into areas that we can’t see from the slender and frail written
from the slender and frail written
from the slender and frail written sources and while they’re doing this
sources and while they’re doing this
sources and while they’re doing this they’re not they’re missing the great
they’re not they’re missing the great
they’re not they’re missing the great advances that are emerging from the
advances that are emerging from the
advances that are emerging from the Scientific Revolution of our aren’t our
Scientific Revolution of our aren’t our
Scientific Revolution of our aren’t our own time the disciplines are operating
own time the disciplines are operating
own time the disciplines are operating in their own silos the historians are
in their own silos the historians are
in their own silos the historians are not talking to the biologists the
not talking to the biologists the
not talking to the biologists the archaeologists are not talking to the
archaeologists are not talking to the
archaeologists are not talking to the earth scientists the linguists are not
earth scientists the linguists are not
earth scientists the linguists are not talking to the Jenners geneticist and so
talking to the Jenners geneticist and so
talking to the Jenners geneticist and so we don’t know the fantastic things that
we don’t know the fantastic things that
we don’t know the fantastic things that may be going on in the office next door
may be going on in the office next door
may be going on in the office next door specialization gets more done if we
specialization gets more done if we
specialization gets more done if we specialize we can concentrate on one
specialize we can concentrate on one
specialize we can concentrate on one thing and do it more efficiently rather
thing and do it more efficiently rather
thing and do it more efficiently rather than growing your own food and writing
than growing your own food and writing
than growing your own food and writing computer software it’s better to let
computer software it’s better to let
computer software it’s better to let someone else grow the food and you
someone else grow the food and you
someone else grow the food and you concentrate on designing the computer
concentrate on designing the computer
concentrate on designing the computer software better food better software
specialization is one of the things that
specialization is one of the things that has allowed us to see new things in the
has allowed us to see new things in the
has allowed us to see new things in the science of the human past whether it’s
science of the human past whether it’s
science of the human past whether it’s from ancient movements from ancient
from ancient movements from ancient
from ancient movements from ancient genomes from ancient skeletons or modern
genomes from ancient skeletons or modern
genomes from ancient skeletons or modern DNA whether it’s ancient air trapped in
DNA whether it’s ancient air trapped in
DNA whether it’s ancient air trapped in ice cores or whether it’s ancient
ice cores or whether it’s ancient
ice cores or whether it’s ancient pathways buried beneath modern highways
right now ancient DNA is revealing
right now ancient DNA is revealing amazing things about our human past that
amazing things about our human past that
amazing things about our human past that we did not know we have learned recently
we did not know we have learned recently
we did not know we have learned recently that amazingly human beings
that amazingly human beings
that amazingly human beings testers of our species of Homo sapiens
testers of our species of Homo sapiens
testers of our species of Homo sapiens mated with Neanderthals we don’t know
mated with Neanderthals we don’t know
mated with Neanderthals we don’t know this many of us most of us in this room
this many of us most of us in this room
this many of us most of us in this room are descended from a mixture of Homo
are descended from a mixture of Homo
are descended from a mixture of Homo sapiens and Neanderthals the Scientific
sapiens and Neanderthals the Scientific
sapiens and Neanderthals the Scientific Revolution of our time is transforming
Revolution of our time is transforming
Revolution of our time is transforming our understanding of the human past with
our understanding of the human past with
our understanding of the human past with powerful consequences for understanding
powerful consequences for understanding
powerful consequences for understanding our human present and where we’re going
our human present and where we’re going
our human present and where we’re going today when we break down the silos we
today when we break down the silos we
today when we break down the silos we can work together and discover amazing
can work together and discover amazing
can work together and discover amazing new aspects to the deep history of our
new aspects to the deep history of our
new aspects to the deep history of our common lived experience on this planet
common lived experience on this planet
common lived experience on this planet let me try and illustrate that for you
let me try and illustrate that for you
let me try and illustrate that for you with four examples taken from recent
with four examples taken from recent
with four examples taken from recent discoveries for examples that will take
discoveries for examples that will take
discoveries for examples that will take us around the globe and around the
us around the globe and around the
us around the globe and around the realms of the human experience
realms of the human experience
realms of the human experience I’ll start where we all started in
I’ll start where we all started in
I’ll start where we all started in Africa and move on to the great story of
Africa and move on to the great story of
Africa and move on to the great story of the indo-european migration and the
the indo-european migration and the
the indo-european migration and the origins of the language that I’m
origins of the language that I’m
origins of the language that I’m speaking right now I’ll follow with an
speaking right now I’ll follow with an
speaking right now I’ll follow with an extraordinary economic study of the
extraordinary economic study of the
extraordinary economic study of the connection between Roman roads and
connection between Roman roads and
connection between Roman roads and economic development and I’ll conclude
economic development and I’ll conclude
economic development and I’ll conclude with the very sobering story of plague
with the very sobering story of plague
with the very sobering story of plague and ancient pollution we all came from
and ancient pollution we all came from
and ancient pollution we all came from Africa analysis of our modern genomes
Africa analysis of our modern genomes
Africa analysis of our modern genomes and of the ancient DNA has shown this
and of the ancient DNA has shown this
and of the ancient DNA has shown this very clearly from the moment that
very clearly from the moment that
very clearly from the moment that paleontologists have working with
paleontologists have working with
paleontologists have working with ancient human fossils have begun to work
ancient human fossils have begun to work
ancient human fossils have begun to work with geneticists working with modern and
with geneticists working with modern and
with geneticists working with modern and ancient human DNA we can see that right
ancient human DNA we can see that right
ancient human DNA we can see that right from the beginning
from the beginning
from the beginning we’re among migrants Wanderers refugees
we’re among migrants Wanderers refugees
we’re among migrants Wanderers refugees in search of better opportunities we can
in search of better opportunities we can
in search of better opportunities we can now detect the different pulses of
now detect the different pulses of
now detect the different pulses of migration Out of Africa and across the
migration Out of Africa and across the
migration Out of Africa and across the globe pulses which may have been
globe pulses which may have been
globe pulses which may have been connected to ancient climate events
connected to ancient climate events
connected to ancient climate events every week brings new pieces of the
every week brings new pieces of the
every week brings new pieces of the extraordinary ancient puzzle of our past
extraordinary ancient puzzle of our past
extraordinary ancient puzzle of our past reaching back to our origins
reaching back to our origins
reaching back to our origins in Africa so the first example shows us
in Africa so the first example shows us
in Africa so the first example shows us what geneticists and paleontologists can
what geneticists and paleontologists can
what geneticists and paleontologists can reveal to us when they work together my
reveal to us when they work together my
reveal to us when they work together my second example shows the power of
second example shows the power of
second example shows the power of linguists talking to geneticists talking
linguists talking to geneticists talking
linguists talking to geneticists talking to archaeologists linguist observed
to archaeologists linguist observed
to archaeologists linguist observed across western Eurasia a vast family of
across western Eurasia a vast family of
across western Eurasia a vast family of languages which through the common
languages which through the common
languages which through the common features that they share they have been
features that they share they have been
features that they share they have been able to demonstrate descended from a
able to demonstrate descended from a
able to demonstrate descended from a mother tongue the family of languages is
mother tongue the family of languages is
mother tongue the family of languages is the family of indo-european languages
the family of indo-european languages
the family of indo-european languages and they have spread over the globe to
and they have spread over the globe to
and they have spread over the globe to places as distant as Ireland and India
places as distant as Ireland and India
places as distant as Ireland and India by comparing their similar features
by comparing their similar features
by comparing their similar features linguists have been able to show that
linguists have been able to show that
linguists have been able to show that the mother tongue of the indo-european
the mother tongue of the indo-european
the mother tongue of the indo-european speakers proto-indo-european probably
speakers proto-indo-european probably
speakers proto-indo-european probably existed about 5000 years ago
existed about 5000 years ago
existed about 5000 years ago archaeologists have looked at the
archaeologists have looked at the
archaeologists have looked at the vocabulary of the indo-european
vocabulary of the indo-european
vocabulary of the indo-european languages and figured out what the
languages and figured out what the
languages and figured out what the ecology was like of the place where they
ecology was like of the place where they
ecology was like of the place where they were living and deduced that the first
were living and deduced that the first
were living and deduced that the first indo-european speakers probably lived on
indo-european speakers probably lived on
indo-european speakers probably lived on the borders of Asia and Europe maybe
the borders of Asia and Europe maybe
the borders of Asia and Europe maybe about five thousand years ago the
about five thousand years ago the
about five thousand years ago the biggest breakthrough came a couple years
biggest breakthrough came a couple years
biggest breakthrough came a couple years ago with work in a genetics laboratory
ago with work in a genetics laboratory
ago with work in a genetics laboratory that is part of our science of the human
that is part of our science of the human
that is part of our science of the human past network the laboratory of David
past network the laboratory of David
past network the laboratory of David Reich in the Harvard Medical School in
Reich in the Harvard Medical School in
Reich in the Harvard Medical School in the department of genetics working with
the department of genetics working with
the department of genetics working with colleagues around the look around the
colleagues around the look around the
colleagues around the look around the globe their work studying the DNA of
globe their work studying the DNA of
globe their work studying the DNA of ancient skeletons was able to
ancient skeletons was able to
ancient skeletons was able to demonstrate that the people in that area
demonstrate that the people in that area
demonstrate that the people in that area on the borders of Asia and Europe were
on the borders of Asia and Europe were
on the borders of Asia and Europe were the same people who migrated into Europe
the same people who migrated into Europe
the same people who migrated into Europe 4,500 years ago in all probability the
4,500 years ago in all probability the
4,500 years ago in all probability the bearers of the indo-european languages
bearers of the indo-european languages
bearers of the indo-european languages into Western Eurasia the origins of the
into Western Eurasia the origins of the
into Western Eurasia the origins of the modern languages of English French
modern languages of English French
modern languages of English French German Greek and so forth this is what
German Greek and so forth this is what
German Greek and so forth this is what happens when linguists team up with
happens when linguists team up with
happens when linguists team up with geneticists team up with archaeologists
geneticists team up with archaeologists
geneticists team up with archaeologists my third example brings together
my third example brings together
my third example brings together archaeologists economist satellite
archaeologists economist satellite
archaeologists economist satellite technology and the digital humanities it
technology and the digital humanities it
technology and the digital humanities it refers to a study done in a German
refers to a study done in a German
refers to a study done in a German Business School which was seeking to
Business School which was seeking to
Business School which was seeking to understand what were the things that
understand what were the things that
understand what were the things that explain the different economic vitality
explain the different economic vitality
explain the different economic vitality of different regions in Germany today in
of different regions in Germany today in
of different regions in Germany today in the 21st century
the 21st century
the 21st century so the ingenious scholar in question
so the ingenious scholar in question
so the ingenious scholar in question figured out that by using satellite
figured out that by using satellite
figured out that by using satellite technology nighttime satellite
technology nighttime satellite
technology nighttime satellite photographs he could determine which
photographs he could determine which
photographs he could determine which areas were the most economically
areas were the most economically
areas were the most economically development developed in today’s Germany
he took that picture and compared the
he took that picture and compared the intensity of luminosity to something
intensity of luminosity to something
intensity of luminosity to something else to a digital humanities file that
else to a digital humanities file that
else to a digital humanities file that he downloaded from an atlas of ancient
he downloaded from an atlas of ancient
he downloaded from an atlas of ancient civilization freely available on the on
civilization freely available on the on
civilization freely available on the on the web created by Harvard
the web created by Harvard
the web created by Harvard undergraduates a digital humanities file
undergraduates a digital humanities file
undergraduates a digital humanities file with a map of the roads of the Roman
with a map of the roads of the Roman
with a map of the roads of the Roman Empire when he brought them together he
Empire when he brought them together he
Empire when he brought them together he discovered that the areas in Germany
discovered that the areas in Germany
discovered that the areas in Germany which are economically the most highly
which are economically the most highly
which are economically the most highly developed and vibrant today are the
developed and vibrant today are the
developed and vibrant today are the areas where the Romans built roads 2,000
areas where the Romans built roads 2,000
areas where the Romans built roads 2,000 years ago that’s some bang for a 2,000
years ago that’s some bang for a 2,000
years ago that’s some bang for a 2,000 year old buck so this is what happens if
year old buck so this is what happens if
year old buck so this is what happens if you can bring together economists
you can bring together economists
you can bring together economists computer scientists satellite technology
computer scientists satellite technology
computer scientists satellite technology and digital humanities my final example
and digital humanities my final example
and digital humanities my final example shows the power of bringing together
shows the power of bringing together
shows the power of bringing together earth scientists archaeologists
earth scientists archaeologists
earth scientists archaeologists historians and specialists in public
historians and specialists in public
historians and specialists in public health I have the privilege of
health I have the privilege of
health I have the privilege of co-directing an amazing project with my
co-directing an amazing project with my
co-directing an amazing project with my friend and colleague Paul Mazursky
friend and colleague Paul Mazursky
friend and colleague Paul Mazursky the director of the climate change
the director of the climate change
the director of the climate change Institute at the University of Maine our
Institute at the University of Maine our
Institute at the University of Maine our team has recovered an ice core from a
team has recovered an ice core from a
team has recovered an ice core from a Swiss glacier and with an amazing new
Swiss glacier and with an amazing new
Swiss glacier and with an amazing new technology that Professor Majewski slab
technology that Professor Majewski slab
technology that Professor Majewski slab has developed
has developed
has developed we are able to analyze the chemical
we are able to analyze the chemical
we are able to analyze the chemical composition of the air trapped in that
composition of the air trapped in that
composition of the air trapped in that ancient ice at a higher resolution that
ancient ice at a higher resolution that
ancient ice at a higher resolution that has ever been done before and with this
has ever been done before and with this
has ever been done before and with this we have just reconstructed measurements
we have just reconstructed measurements
we have just reconstructed measurements detailed measurements of the atmospheric
detailed measurements of the atmospheric
detailed measurements of the atmospheric lead pollution of Europe for the last
lead pollution of Europe for the last
lead pollution of Europe for the last 1,000 years now we all know that lead is
1,000 years now we all know that lead is
1,000 years now we all know that lead is a very bad thing even tiny amounts of it
a very bad thing even tiny amounts of it
a very bad thing even tiny amounts of it are dangerous that’s why we banned it
are dangerous that’s why we banned it
are dangerous that’s why we banned it from paint that’s why we took it out of
from paint that’s why we took it out of
from paint that’s why we took it out of our gasoline that’s why fishermen no
our gasoline that’s why fishermen no
our gasoline that’s why fishermen no longer used lead sinkers we were
longer used lead sinkers we were
longer used lead sinkers we were astonished when we saw our measurements
astonished when we saw our measurements
astonished when we saw our measurements everyone has believed that the poisoning
everyone has believed that the poisoning
everyone has believed that the poisoning of the European population through lead
of the European population through lead
of the European population through lead pollution began with the Industrial
pollution began with the Industrial
pollution began with the Industrial Revolution when factories covered Europe
Revolution when factories covered Europe
Revolution when factories covered Europe mines turned out huge amounts of metals
mines turned out huge amounts of metals
mines turned out huge amounts of metals our records show that that poisoning of
our records show that that poisoning of
our records show that that poisoning of the population of Europe has been going
the population of Europe has been going
the population of Europe has been going on at least for the last thousand years
on at least for the last thousand years
on at least for the last thousand years the lead pollution in the air from
the lead pollution in the air from
the lead pollution in the air from European industry in the 12th century is
European industry in the 12th century is
European industry in the 12th century is entirely comparable to that of the 17th
entirely comparable to that of the 17th
entirely comparable to that of the 17th and even 18th centuries you can see from
and even 18th centuries you can see from
and even 18th centuries you can see from this graph to our further astonishment
this graph to our further astonishment
this graph to our further astonishment particularly of the historians who knew
particularly of the historians who knew
particularly of the historians who knew immediately what these dates meant
immediately what these dates meant
immediately what these dates meant there’s only one period one four year
there’s only one period one four year
there’s only one period one four year period in that thousand years when lead
period in that thousand years when lead
period in that thousand years when lead pollution drops down to its natural
pollution drops down to its natural
pollution drops down to its natural level those are the four years from
level those are the four years from
level those are the four years from thirteen forty nine to thirteen fifty
thirteen forty nine to thirteen fifty
thirteen forty nine to thirteen fifty three we recognize the historians and
three we recognize the historians and
three we recognize the historians and archaeologists immediately that these
archaeologists immediately that these
archaeologists immediately that these were the years of the Black Death that
were the years of the Black Death that
were the years of the Black Death that devastated the population of Europe
devastated the population of Europe
devastated the population of Europe killed the miners and the the workers
killed the miners and the the workers
killed the miners and the the workers and the mills and abated LED pollution
and the mills and abated LED pollution
and the mills and abated LED pollution because all economic activity came to a
because all economic activity came to a
because all economic activity came to a standstill
standstill
standstill for four years now we know for the first
for four years now we know for the first
for four years now we know for the first time ever what’s the natural level of
time ever what’s the natural level of
time ever what’s the natural level of lead deposits from the atmosphere
lead deposits from the atmosphere
lead deposits from the atmosphere in Europe and they are much lower than
in Europe and they are much lower than
in Europe and they are much lower than anything we’ve seen in the last thousand
anything we’ve seen in the last thousand
anything we’ve seen in the last thousand years now the problem for scientists for
years now the problem for scientists for
years now the problem for scientists for public health specialists for the people
public health specialists for the people
public health specialists for the people working in the life sciences will begin
working in the life sciences will begin
working in the life sciences will begin to understand what was the impact on the
to understand what was the impact on the
to understand what was the impact on the millions of Europeans who live downwind
millions of Europeans who live downwind
millions of Europeans who live downwind of those mines and metal production how
of those mines and metal production how
of those mines and metal production how did it affect their IQ their general
did it affect their IQ their general
did it affect their IQ their general health
health
health how did affect their genetic legacy the
how did affect their genetic legacy the
how did affect their genetic legacy the genetic legacy that they have bequeathed
genetic legacy that they have bequeathed
genetic legacy that they have bequeathed to many of us these are the new
to many of us these are the new
to many of us these are the new questions that emerge for today from the
questions that emerge for today from the
questions that emerge for today from the science of the human past so there you
science of the human past so there you
science of the human past so there you have four examples four examples of
have four examples four examples of
have four examples four examples of humanists working with scientists of
humanists working with scientists of
humanists working with scientists of archaeologists working with earth
archaeologists working with earth
archaeologists working with earth scientists of historians working with
scientists of historians working with
scientists of historians working with computer scientists a biologist working
computer scientists a biologist working
computer scientists a biologist working with linguists when we bring together
with linguists when we bring together
with linguists when we bring together people from the different disciplines we
people from the different disciplines we
people from the different disciplines we make discoveries we make new
make discoveries we make new
make discoveries we make new observations of important realities that
observations of important realities that
observations of important realities that are spread between the silos of our dish
are spread between the silos of our dish
are spread between the silos of our dish disciplinary specialization by working
disciplinary specialization by working
disciplinary specialization by working together we can create the situation
together we can create the situation
together we can create the situation where the science of the human past will
where the science of the human past will
where the science of the human past will allow us to stargaze into the past and
allow us to stargaze into the past and
allow us to stargaze into the past and discover what it was like for that
discover what it was like for that
discover what it was like for that grandmother of ours 600 times removed
grandmother of ours 600 times removed
grandmother of ours 600 times removed and illuminate for us what it may be
and illuminate for us what it may be
and illuminate for us what it may be like in the future the power of the
like in the future the power of the
like in the future the power of the science of the human past is to be able
science of the human past is to be able
science of the human past is to be able to use the Magnificent new tools of
to use the Magnificent new tools of
to use the Magnificent new tools of Technology and science and the
Technology and science and the
Technology and science and the humanities and to use them to discover
humanities and to use them to discover
humanities and to use them to discover and to tell new stories true stories a
and to tell new stories true stories a
and to tell new stories true stories a thousand new and true stories about
thousand new and true stories about
thousand new and true stories about where we’re coming from and where we’re
where we’re coming from and where we’re
where we’re coming from and where we’re going thank you
going thank you
going thank you [Applause]
”
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