a lake is a very beautiful thing and as we all know Minnesota has well over
we all know Minnesota has well over
we all know Minnesota has well over 10,000 but it’s beautiful and precious
10,000 but it’s beautiful and precious
10,000 but it’s beautiful and precious as they are and economically valuable
as they are and economically valuable
as they are and economically valuable and despite the many tens to hundreds of
and despite the many tens to hundreds of
and despite the many tens to hundreds of millions of dollars who spend annually
millions of dollars who spend annually
millions of dollars who spend annually attempting to take care of them and save
attempting to take care of them and save
attempting to take care of them and save them our lakes are in great deal of
them our lakes are in great deal of
them our lakes are in great deal of difficulty almost 50% of Minnesota’s
difficulty almost 50% of Minnesota’s
difficulty almost 50% of Minnesota’s lakes are now impaired and almost 10%
lakes are now impaired and almost 10%
lakes are now impaired and almost 10% have an aquatic invasive species so as a
have an aquatic invasive species so as a
have an aquatic invasive species so as a scientist I ask myself what are we doing
scientist I ask myself what are we doing
scientist I ask myself what are we doing wrong and what might we do better the
wrong and what might we do better the
wrong and what might we do better the problem I believe after having spent
problem I believe after having spent
problem I believe after having spent several decades trying to understand
several decades trying to understand
several decades trying to understand this problem is that we fundamentally
this problem is that we fundamentally
this problem is that we fundamentally failed to recognize the biological
failed to recognize the biological
failed to recognize the biological principles that underlie healthy lakes
principles that underlie healthy lakes
principles that underlie healthy lakes and their fish we’ve had trouble as
and their fish we’ve had trouble as
and their fish we’ve had trouble as visual beings focusing on the water
visual beings focusing on the water
visual beings focusing on the water surface and not what’s underneath it
surface and not what’s underneath it
surface and not what’s underneath it where all the action actually occurs
where all the action actually occurs
where all the action actually occurs because the below the surface of a lake
because the below the surface of a lake
because the below the surface of a lake you’ll find a dynamic and complex web of
you’ll find a dynamic and complex web of
you’ll find a dynamic and complex web of hundreds of species of microbes plants
hundreds of species of microbes plants
hundreds of species of microbes plants algae fish that are all highly
algae fish that are all highly
algae fish that are all highly interconnected and interacting dying
interconnected and interacting dying
interconnected and interacting dying living eating each other and growing and
living eating each other and growing and
living eating each other and growing and this web is constantly shifting in ways
this web is constantly shifting in ways
this web is constantly shifting in ways that we frankly don’t totally understand
that we frankly don’t totally understand
that we frankly don’t totally understand but as it shifts it changes and if you
but as it shifts it changes and if you
but as it shifts it changes and if you can end up in a situation very easily
can end up in a situation very easily
can end up in a situation very easily where it gets out of balance too many
where it gets out of balance too many
where it gets out of balance too many plants for instance or too few large
plants for instance or too few large
plants for instance or too few large fish but the connections change and they
fish but the connections change and they
fish but the connections change and they lead to new alternative stable States
lead to new alternative stable States
lead to new alternative stable States new balance points and once they shift
new balance points and once they shift
new balance points and once they shift and the lake changes it can get stuck in
and the lake changes it can get stuck in
and the lake changes it can get stuck in the stable state it’s once they get
the stable state it’s once they get
the stable state it’s once they get stuck it’s a common alternative state
stuck it’s a common alternative state
stuck it’s a common alternative state that lakes end up in is having too many
that lakes end up in is having too many
that lakes end up in is having too many floating microscopic algae then shield
floating microscopic algae then shield
floating microscopic algae then shield out submerse plants and then you can’t
out submerse plants and then you can’t
out submerse plants and then you can’t have habitat for fish and you enter a
have habitat for fish and you enter a
have habitat for fish and you enter a stable state you can’t get back from so
stable state you can’t get back from so
stable state you can’t get back from so for those of us who want to save lakes
for those of us who want to save lakes
for those of us who want to save lakes or study them and understand them we
or study them and understand them we
or study them and understand them we really have to look at the dynamics of
really have to look at the dynamics of
really have to look at the dynamics of what underlies these stable States so
what underlies these stable States so
what underlies these stable States so I’ll just take a moment and talk about
I’ll just take a moment and talk about
I’ll just take a moment and talk about what we understand about that but
what we understand about that but
what we understand about that but science after about 50 years of work now
science after about 50 years of work now
science after about 50 years of work now has basically identified five factors
has basically identified five factors
has basically identified five factors that drive stable states and lakes the
that drive stable states and lakes the
that drive stable states and lakes the first factors nutrients nutrients such
first factors nutrients nutrients such
first factors nutrients nutrients such as phosphorus and other chemicals
as phosphorus and other chemicals
as phosphorus and other chemicals traditionally came from the lake itself
traditionally came from the lake itself
traditionally came from the lake itself and its waters but now they’re coming
and its waters but now they’re coming
and its waters but now they’re coming from runoff Lake Shore homes agriculture
from runoff Lake Shore homes agriculture
from runoff Lake Shore homes agriculture roadbeds all kinds of sources and this
roadbeds all kinds of sources and this
roadbeds all kinds of sources and this is particularly insidious because they
is particularly insidious because they
is particularly insidious because they build up in sediments in ways that they
build up in sediments in ways that they
build up in sediments in ways that they cannot wash out people spend entire
cannot wash out people spend entire
cannot wash out people spend entire careers chemists trying to understand
careers chemists trying to understand
careers chemists trying to understand how the nutrients bind to sediments and
how the nutrients bind to sediments and
how the nutrients bind to sediments and how to get them out the point is they’re
how to get them out the point is they’re
how to get them out the point is they’re there for decades and once it shifts you
there for decades and once it shifts you
there for decades and once it shifts you end up with an interconnected
end up with an interconnected
end up with an interconnected alternative state the second major
alternative state the second major
alternative state the second major factor is temperature changing
factor is temperature changing
factor is temperature changing temperature and loss of thermal refuges
temperature and loss of thermal refuges
temperature and loss of thermal refuges and lakes can have dramatic effects on
and lakes can have dramatic effects on
and lakes can have dramatic effects on fish and water quality this is not
fish and water quality this is not
fish and water quality this is not always intuitive to people because we’re
always intuitive to people because we’re
always intuitive to people because we’re visual and were warm-blooded but fish
visual and were warm-blooded but fish
visual and were warm-blooded but fish are cold-blooded everything living in
are cold-blooded everything living in
are cold-blooded everything living in lakes is cold-blooded they’ve evolved to
lakes is cold-blooded they’ve evolved to
lakes is cold-blooded they’ve evolved to do well in certain temperature ranges
do well in certain temperature ranges
do well in certain temperature ranges and these ranges are now shifting so
and these ranges are now shifting so
and these ranges are now shifting so they can’t do as well in this figure
they can’t do as well in this figure
they can’t do as well in this figure from a paper by Gretchen Hansen you can
from a paper by Gretchen Hansen you can
from a paper by Gretchen Hansen you can see how that green bar at the top which
see how that green bar at the top which
see how that green bar at the top which represents why a cool water fish unless
represents why a cool water fish unless
represents why a cool water fish unless something happens in our neighbors state
something happens in our neighbors state
something happens in our neighbors state of Wisconsin the walleye will be lost at
of Wisconsin the walleye will be lost at
of Wisconsin the walleye will be lost at the expense of largemouth bass over the
the expense of largemouth bass over the
the expense of largemouth bass over the next few decades solely because of
next few decades solely because of
next few decades solely because of warming waters the third major factor
warming waters the third major factor
warming waters the third major factor that you have to keep in mind is habitat
that you have to keep in mind is habitat
that you have to keep in mind is habitat this is much more intuitive to people
this is much more intuitive to people
this is much more intuitive to people because usually we can see it lakeshore
because usually we can see it lakeshore
because usually we can see it lakeshore development the lakes are experiencing
development the lakes are experiencing
development the lakes are experiencing wholesale changes in their shorelines
wholesale changes in their shorelines
wholesale changes in their shorelines and the plants and animals that live
and the plants and animals that live
and the plants and animals that live along the edges of course this means
along the edges of course this means
along the edges of course this means that things are losing the places where
that things are losing the places where
that things are losing the places where they live and this leads to unhealthy
they live and this leads to unhealthy
they live and this leads to unhealthy balances and changes in habitat which of
balances and changes in habitat which of
balances and changes in habitat which of course facilitate the arrival invasive
course facilitate the arrival invasive
course facilitate the arrival invasive species the fourth major factor I wanted
species the fourth major factor I wanted
species the fourth major factor I wanted to talk about today briefly was large
to talk about today briefly was large
to talk about today briefly was large predators fish in particular
predators fish in particular
predators fish in particular historically our lakes since the last
historically our lakes since the last
historically our lakes since the last glaciation have been dominated by large
glaciation have been dominated by large
glaciation have been dominated by large old fish this is how and why these
old fish this is how and why these
old fish this is how and why these systems work the way they do it’s what
systems work the way they do it’s what
systems work the way they do it’s what we treasure about them but in the last
we treasure about them but in the last
we treasure about them but in the last century
century
century another large predator has arrived
another large predator has arrived
another large predator has arrived ourselves fish that our grandparents
ourselves fish that our grandparents
ourselves fish that our grandparents used to catch are now mostly gone and
used to catch are now mostly gone and
used to catch are now mostly gone and stalking small fish has just not kept up
stalking small fish has just not kept up
stalking small fish has just not kept up this is a pervasive problem because the
this is a pervasive problem because the
this is a pervasive problem because the continual removal of large fish results
continual removal of large fish results
continual removal of large fish results in new evolutionary trajectories that
in new evolutionary trajectories that
in new evolutionary trajectories that favor smaller meeker less fish so
favor smaller meeker less fish so
favor smaller meeker less fish so it blades to another kind of alternative
it blades to another kind of alternative
it blades to another kind of alternative stable state and finally the one that
stable state and finally the one that
stable state and finally the one that people are most concerned about now and
people are most concerned about now and
people are most concerned about now and rightly so is aquatic invasive species
rightly so is aquatic invasive species
rightly so is aquatic invasive species we’re changing the species compositions
we’re changing the species compositions
we’re changing the species compositions of our lakes and we’re doing so partly
of our lakes and we’re doing so partly
of our lakes and we’re doing so partly because of our movements and partly
because of our movements and partly
because of our movements and partly because their habitats are changing
because their habitats are changing
because their habitats are changing what’s insidious about this is that
what’s insidious about this is that
what’s insidious about this is that aquatic invasive species are often
aquatic invasive species are often
aquatic invasive species are often what’s known as environmental engineers
what’s known as environmental engineers
what’s known as environmental engineers they remake the entire ecosystems to
they remake the entire ecosystems to
they remake the entire ecosystems to their own desire thereby creating
their own desire thereby creating
their own desire thereby creating another alternative state that in which
another alternative state that in which
another alternative state that in which natives maybe don’t do well and this is
natives maybe don’t do well and this is
natives maybe don’t do well and this is a picture of common carp which arrived
a picture of common carp which arrived
a picture of common carp which arrived in our water some 140 years ago which
in our water some 140 years ago which
in our water some 140 years ago which totally turn ecosystems upside down and
totally turn ecosystems upside down and
totally turn ecosystems upside down and just now a hundred and forty years later
just now a hundred and forty years later
just now a hundred and forty years later we’re starting to get a grasp on our
we’re starting to get a grasp on our
we’re starting to get a grasp on our lakes and their health and their
lakes and their health and their
lakes and their health and their fisheries are pretty much determined by
fisheries are pretty much determined by
fisheries are pretty much determined by five major factors these factors are
five major factors these factors are
five major factors these factors are highly interconnected and work as webs
highly interconnected and work as webs
highly interconnected and work as webs within these systems where they
within these systems where they
within these systems where they influence each other and the influence
influence each other and the influence
influence each other and the influence themselves and they drive primarily the
themselves and they drive primarily the
themselves and they drive primarily the things that we really care about water
things that we really care about water
things that we really care about water clarity and fisheries and all these
clarity and fisheries and all these
clarity and fisheries and all these factors are driven by ourselves as well
factors are driven by ourselves as well
factors are driven by ourselves as well in rather complicated ways but everybody
in rather complicated ways but everybody
in rather complicated ways but everybody is involved with this and when you look
is involved with this and when you look
is involved with this and when you look at it a little more closely as a
at it a little more closely as a
at it a little more closely as a biologist it gets particularly daunting
biologist it gets particularly daunting
biologist it gets particularly daunting because you realize that normally more
because you realize that normally more
because you realize that normally more than one factor is being disturbed in
than one factor is being disturbed in
than one factor is being disturbed in most lakes in this figure I’ve sort of
most lakes in this figure I’ve sort of
most lakes in this figure I’ve sort of symbolized here a lake in which aquatic
symbolized here a lake in which aquatic
symbolized here a lake in which aquatic invasive species a is temperature and a
invasive species a is temperature and a
invasive species a is temperature and a predator population would be impacted
predator population would be impacted
predator population would be impacted and you can see by the red arrows how
and you can see by the red arrows how
and you can see by the red arrows how they all influence each other in a
they all influence each other in a
they all influence each other in a web-like effect and even though the
web-like effect and even though the
web-like effect and even though the fisheries may be managed properly there
fisheries may be managed properly there
fisheries may be managed properly there will be a resulting impact on fisheries
will be a resulting impact on fisheries
will be a resulting impact on fisheries and of course each Lake will have a
and of course each Lake will have a
and of course each Lake will have a different set of scenarios this
different set of scenarios this
different set of scenarios this overwhelming problem has typically led
overwhelming problem has typically led
overwhelming problem has typically led understandably to a focus on one or two
understandably to a focus on one or two
understandably to a focus on one or two factors in a lake at most an extremely
factors in a lake at most an extremely
factors in a lake at most an extremely piecemeal approach this means that it
piecemeal approach this means that it
piecemeal approach this means that it can’t work controlling one factor alone
can’t work controlling one factor alone
can’t work controlling one factor alone just can’t work it’s all interconnected
just can’t work it’s all interconnected
just can’t work it’s all interconnected it’s all part of a whole successful Lake
it’s all part of a whole successful Lake
it’s all part of a whole successful Lake management will have to evolve to
management will have to evolve to
management will have to evolve to something new that addresses all five
something new that addresses all five
something new that addresses all five factors simultaneously in a holistic
factors simultaneously in a holistic
factors simultaneously in a holistic fashion so how might we do that I think
fashion so how might we do that I think
fashion so how might we do that I think there’s only two possible options one
there’s only two possible options one
there’s only two possible options one would be more and better technology this
would be more and better technology this
would be more and better technology this is where people such putting scientists
is where people such putting scientists
is where people such putting scientists myself typically gravitate to but if you
myself typically gravitate to but if you
myself typically gravitate to but if you look at the history of this and the and
look at the history of this and the and
look at the history of this and the and the challenge in front of us it’s a
the challenge in front of us it’s a
the challenge in front of us it’s a little bit daunting this is where we’ve
little bit daunting this is where we’ve
little bit daunting this is where we’ve already heavily invested we’re spending
already heavily invested we’re spending
already heavily invested we’re spending tens of millions of dollars a year
tens of millions of dollars a year
tens of millions of dollars a year already in new sewage treatment plants
already in new sewage treatment plants
already in new sewage treatment plants alum treatments habitat restoration fish
alum treatments habitat restoration fish
alum treatments habitat restoration fish stocking programs boat inspections plant
stocking programs boat inspections plant
stocking programs boat inspections plant eradication programs it goes on and on
eradication programs it goes on and on
eradication programs it goes on and on and there’s no question it’s helping but
and there’s no question it’s helping but
and there’s no question it’s helping but to be honest if you really look at it is
to be honest if you really look at it is
to be honest if you really look at it is it doing the job out of almost 4,000
it doing the job out of almost 4,000
it doing the job out of almost 4,000 impaired lakes in Minnesota only 35 in
impaired lakes in Minnesota only 35 in
impaired lakes in Minnesota only 35 in the last 20 or so years have been taken
the last 20 or so years have been taken
the last 20 or so years have been taken off the impaired species list and not
off the impaired species list and not
off the impaired species list and not one lake has been eradicated for aquatic
one lake has been eradicated for aquatic
one lake has been eradicated for aquatic invasive species this is an unfortunate
invasive species this is an unfortunate
invasive species this is an unfortunate reality we just simply do not have the
reality we just simply do not have the
reality we just simply do not have the science time or money to keep up with
science time or money to keep up with
science time or money to keep up with the continual avalanche of pressures
the continual avalanche of pressures
the continual avalanche of pressures being put on these lakes we have to look
being put on these lakes we have to look
being put on these lakes we have to look for something new the other option might
for something new the other option might
for something new the other option might be conservation if we could identify
be conservation if we could identify
be conservation if we could identify through new conservation science and
through new conservation science and
through new conservation science and policies particular segments of lakes
policies particular segments of lakes
policies particular segments of lakes that were particularly valuable and can
that were particularly valuable and can
that were particularly valuable and can serve them the lake and those pieces of
serve them the lake and those pieces of
serve them the lake and those pieces of areas might preserve themselves in a
areas might preserve themselves in a
areas might preserve themselves in a holistic fashion which all five factors
holistic fashion which all five factors
holistic fashion which all five factors are automatically addressed in a way
are automatically addressed in a way
are automatically addressed in a way that makes sense and allows nature to
that makes sense and allows nature to
that makes sense and allows nature to work for itself furthermore if we could
work for itself furthermore if we could
work for itself furthermore if we could identify key areas that were anchored
identify key areas that were anchored
identify key areas that were anchored into the entire ecosystem they might
into the entire ecosystem they might
into the entire ecosystem they might benefit the
benefit the
benefit the entire system well I’d like to say this
entire system well I’d like to say this
entire system well I’d like to say this was my great idea but it’s not at all
was my great idea but it’s not at all
was my great idea but it’s not at all because 50 years ago marine scientists
because 50 years ago marine scientists
because 50 years ago marine scientists came to exactly the same conclusion in
came to exactly the same conclusion in
came to exactly the same conclusion in 1960s marine managers whose systems are
1960s marine managers whose systems are
1960s marine managers whose systems are really not that different by the way
really not that different by the way
really not that different by the way than freshwater it’s just that you can
than freshwater it’s just that you can
than freshwater it’s just that you can see through them so people rise what was
see through them so people rise what was
see through them so people rise what was going on a lot earlier realized that
going on a lot earlier realized that
going on a lot earlier realized that these same five factors were the ones
these same five factors were the ones
these same five factors were the ones that were destroying coral reefs
that were destroying coral reefs
that were destroying coral reefs fisheries wetlands etc and they came to
fisheries wetlands etc and they came to
fisheries wetlands etc and they came to the conclusion that the only reasonable
the conclusion that the only reasonable
the conclusion that the only reasonable solution the only real hope in the short
solution the only real hope in the short
solution the only real hope in the short term anyway was to establish a set of
term anyway was to establish a set of
term anyway was to establish a set of marine protected areas these areas can
marine protected areas these areas can
marine protected areas these areas can take many forms and they basically
take many forms and they basically
take many forms and they basically involve reserving certain pieces of
involve reserving certain pieces of
involve reserving certain pieces of water in certain ways to protect them in
water in certain ways to protect them in
water in certain ways to protect them in some fashion and they’re always locally
some fashion and they’re always locally
some fashion and they’re always locally managed to meet local needs and local
managed to meet local needs and local
managed to meet local needs and local ecosystem needs well it’s been a huge
ecosystem needs well it’s been a huge
ecosystem needs well it’s been a huge success there’s almost 14,000 marine
success there’s almost 14,000 marine
success there’s almost 14,000 marine protected areas across the globe almost
protected areas across the globe almost
protected areas across the globe almost five percent of the world’s oceans are
five percent of the world’s oceans are
five percent of the world’s oceans are now protected with them and there’s a
now protected with them and there’s a
now protected with them and there’s a target to increase this to almost ten
target to increase this to almost ten
target to increase this to almost ten thousand importantly not only have these
thousand importantly not only have these
thousand importantly not only have these marine protected areas improved entire
marine protected areas improved entire
marine protected areas improved entire ecosystems but they’ve greatly improved
ecosystems but they’ve greatly improved
ecosystems but they’ve greatly improved many fisheries and the reasons are
many fisheries and the reasons are
many fisheries and the reasons are pretty simple there what I said before
pretty simple there what I said before
pretty simple there what I said before basically if you allow fish and other
basically if you allow fish and other
basically if you allow fish and other organisms to survive and thrive and
organisms to survive and thrive and
organisms to survive and thrive and reproduce their way they originally
reproduce their way they originally
reproduce their way they originally evolved guess what they tend to do
evolved guess what they tend to do
evolved guess what they tend to do pretty well in this little example I’ll
pretty well in this little example I’ll
pretty well in this little example I’ll show you here a small area a banana
show you here a small area a banana
show you here a small area a banana Creek Reserve it’s called just outside
Creek Reserve it’s called just outside
Creek Reserve it’s called just outside Cape Canaveral was set aside in the
Cape Canaveral was set aside in the
Cape Canaveral was set aside in the early 70s and within a decade that
early 70s and within a decade that
early 70s and within a decade that entire system extending all the way down
entire system extending all the way down
entire system extending all the way down to Cape Canaveral not only had much
to Cape Canaveral not only had much
to Cape Canaveral not only had much higher quality water in ecosystems but
higher quality water in ecosystems but
higher quality water in ecosystems but the fisheries recovered considerably
the fisheries recovered considerably
the fisheries recovered considerably with tenfold increases and key game fish
with tenfold increases and key game fish
with tenfold increases and key game fish and world-record captures of also the
and world-record captures of also the
and world-record captures of also the black drum another major fish in that
black drum another major fish in that
black drum another major fish in that area they were spilling out of these
area they were spilling out of these
area they were spilling out of these areas they were reproducing them they
areas they were reproducing them they
areas they were reproducing them they spill out and they benefit the entire
spill out and they benefit the entire
spill out and they benefit the entire area but I’ve asked myself is why not
area but I’ve asked myself is why not
area but I’ve asked myself is why not apply these principles of conserving key
apply these principles of conserving key
apply these principles of conserving key selected areas to
selected areas to
selected areas to fresh water they’re equally valuable
fresh water they’re equally valuable
fresh water they’re equally valuable they’re equally delicate they’re equally
they’re equally delicate they’re equally
they’re equally delicate they’re equally important why not apply that I’m
important why not apply that I’m
important why not apply that I’m proposing to establish fresh water
proposing to establish fresh water
proposing to establish fresh water conservation areas in the state of
conservation areas in the state of
conservation areas in the state of Minnesota and hopefully beyond that
Minnesota and hopefully beyond that
Minnesota and hopefully beyond that these areas would conserve key parts of
these areas would conserve key parts of
these areas would conserve key parts of lakes and rivers and maybe entire lakes
lakes and rivers and maybe entire lakes
lakes and rivers and maybe entire lakes in certain cases and holistic and
in certain cases and holistic and
in certain cases and holistic and relatively inexpensive way that would
relatively inexpensive way that would
relatively inexpensive way that would get the job done and give Giants a
get the job done and give Giants a
get the job done and give Giants a chance to catch up maybe to restore some
chance to catch up maybe to restore some
chance to catch up maybe to restore some of these areas because it’s going to
of these areas because it’s going to
of these areas because it’s going to take a lot of work we’ll need new
take a lot of work we’ll need new
take a lot of work we’ll need new science to do this to identify the
science to do this to identify the
science to do this to identify the important factors and some new policies
important factors and some new policies
important factors and some new policies but it’s a fairly straightforward
but it’s a fairly straightforward
but it’s a fairly straightforward process we already have a good start on
process we already have a good start on
process we already have a good start on many of these these freshwater
many of these these freshwater
many of these these freshwater conservation areas would include things
conservation areas would include things
conservation areas would include things like easements to deal with nutrients
like easements to deal with nutrients
like easements to deal with nutrients habitat protection in the water itself
habitat protection in the water itself
habitat protection in the water itself they would play key roles saving our
they would play key roles saving our
they would play key roles saving our lakes beauty and value protect our
lakes beauty and value protect our
lakes beauty and value protect our heritage for future generation I really
heritage for future generation I really
heritage for future generation I really believe it’s time for a new approach and
believe it’s time for a new approach and
believe it’s time for a new approach and that this is a very realistic and needed
that this is a very realistic and needed
that this is a very realistic and needed facet there are lakes there are
facet there are lakes there are
facet there are lakes there are resources
resources
resources we’re the ones through all those five
we’re the ones through all those five
we’re the ones through all those five factors that I’ve described that have
factors that I’ve described that have
factors that I’ve described that have that have really driven things to where
that have really driven things to where
that have really driven things to where they are now I believe it’s time to
they are now I believe it’s time to
they are now I believe it’s time to realize the reality of it and take it
realize the reality of it and take it
realize the reality of it and take it back and start to bring this situation
back and start to bring this situation
back and start to bring this situation under control with these freshwater
under control with these freshwater
under control with these freshwater conservation areas and a foundation has
conservation areas and a foundation has
conservation areas and a foundation has been established to take that step
been established to take that step
been established to take that step forward because there’s no agency that
forward because there’s no agency that
forward because there’s no agency that can deal with this holistic approach at
can deal with this holistic approach at
can deal with this holistic approach at this time and if you’re interested I
this time and if you’re interested I
this time and if you’re interested I would refer you to that website listed
would refer you to that website listed
would refer you to that website listed at the end there thank you for your time
”
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