[Music]
[Applause]
when I was little, there’s a little
obsessed to know where they came from
the babies
my sister was born a few years ago
behind the fairy tale but that of the
Stork not closed anywhere
so remember how they tortured my
parents day by day close to wanted
know how it was a matter of some face
concern
I did not come to talk about it so that
where we come from who we are and towards
where are we going
they are always questions that we have addressed
to try to define what is the
human nature from the point of
philosophical view but nature
human has a biological component
which is neither more nor less than the
human behavior
a behavior that is molded from
of the basic needs they have
all living beings that are
feed and reproduce and survive
we know that life on the planet
started about 3,800 million
years and that we all have an ancestor
common science says that we share
99 percent of our DNA with the
monkeys
although this is being evaluated
I have the test that weighs much more
that the DNA is that the monkeys
you can also get satish us
We were born as species about 200,000 years
imposing time in a context if
the first living organism was born 24
hours ago we appear ago
less than a minute
the most relevant fact in our
evolutionary process has been the increase of
brain size
that allowed us to put us in one in a
path completely different from that of
any other primate and allowed us
think reason adapt and develop a
complex language but what more
maybe it was more relevant to us
it was the fact that we learned that
cooperate
it was an adaptation that did not favor
so especially when ours
primitive ancestors that were
herbivores began to eat here
think of a rigorous herbivore
in general it does not have to be
cooperating a lot with members of his
own species because if you are going to surround the
pact the pact is not going to come out
running nowhere but for a
carnivore, it is fundamental to cooperate with
members of your species especially
when you have to feed
about 10,000 years ago we learned to
manufacture our own food to
through agriculture and breeding
selective of animals and from that
moment what we humans did was
handle nature to our own
need
we started counting very fast in the
history of our or part of the
history of our humanity
we could say that this one wins or
let’s say 200 years ago we started to
grow up so fast that it was when
we started to use the fuel
fossil as a first source of energy
and in that moment we started to grow so
fast that today we can say that we are
eight billion people
we increase the population seven times
worldwide in the last century and we believe
that by the year 2100 we will reach
our maximum load capacity that
It will be approximately 10 billion
of people for the first is a kind
has been so abundant on the planet that
has generated a significant change in
environment climate change
ocean acidification
the loss of biodiversity are all
are all symptoms of the damage that
has been done to the environment
mainly the field
the loss of biodiversity is very
evident 98 percent of the
species that once existed today
is in extinct and at 60 percent of
those species became extinct
last 40 years
we are losing almost 30,000 species
per year which means three species
per hour and there is no doubt that we are
facing a mass extinction that
started 200 years ago but we are very
very lucky
the truth that in 3.800 million years
we had
we are the only species that has
developed cognitive skills
specials and we can create for example
new ways of life we can create
artificial life that reproduces we can
create organs from cells
mother and we can even create chips
electronic organics from
nerve cells of mice too
we can clone current living species and
we can also clone species
extinct and we can do through the
genetic engineering
we have the ability to create man
of the future that we want however with
so much intelligence baggage
the only answer we have given to the
environmental crisis has been the development
sustainable an excellent initiative
let’s say it’s a utopia basically
because the proclamation to satisfy the
needs of the generations
present without affecting those of the
future generations does not reach
first nobody knows what the
needs of future generations
or how future generations are going to
want to exploit the resources that
remain available
second if future generations
they had at least the same needs
that we should stop everything and
step does not affect the needs and
current do not commit more
on the other hand we have a paradox and it is
have unlimited growth in a
finite planet
so nobody can be against
that sustainable development or
any attempt to address the
survival of the human species but
it seems that sustainable development
now it has become more
a marketing strategy that
what should you when we approach the
problem of the environmental crisis
we really find the
problem of how how to deal with
solve it
from human behavior how
we can do to modify the
Human nature
the biological or geological component of
human nature seems nothing
easy but the reality is that if one
I had the possibility to study what
what happens in the brain
one could understand what really
happens to us I will not explain this
way a
brains the only organ that is
study and think to yourself there is no
another or at least there is no other and that gives us
the opportunity to study what
it happens in our heads
well not always sometimes we do not have
idea of what happens to us in the head
when we study behavior and
I share human behavior we
we realize that we have a
regulation of the connections
what they do is basically
are affected by the environment and
for the experiences that one lives in the
life and those those neural connections
neurons are changing and what they do
is to modify the gene expression what
what I want to do in this talk is a
exercise with you I would like that
all of you think for a minute a
image of nature can think
the now I would like please if
they can raise their hands who included
a human in that photo or yes included a
itself
assuming we are 100 in the
room and only four people
it’s four percent
yes now I would like you to raise the
hand please all who consider
that the human being is part of the
nature
wow obviously we are in a problem
well what I want to tell you with this is
that we all feel we are in some way
shape identified with nature
but not all of us are not all connected
very few are connected is known is
a basic exercise but it tells us that
what I want to tell you then that
lochte many of the genes we
we know that there are how there are behaviors
that for example spirituality the
empathy selfishness personality are
all the behaviors that are that
they have a genetic component and that
genetic component is affected by
the environmental conditions are the
previous experiences especially
during the first the first stages
of life
then it is likely that the four that
They carry
male of 74 rose to win had
a different life experience
rest and that’s why they are included in the photo
it’s a simple way there’s a trend
innate in the human being to feel that
part of nature that’s why
everyone raised their hands that is known
as biophilia and what biophilia says
that this trend does not generate different
types of emotions because it reduces the
aversion until we love the
nature but they are different types of
emotions are transferred along
the generations
this has generated a lot of discussion because
is to return the concept of lamarck a bit
contrary to Darwin’s
although it is not him but for deep of
what biophilia means is not so
well the essence of this talk
basically it’s what we can do to
face the environmental crisis
there are several things that can be done and
one of them is to modify the economy
current is one of the problems that
we have is that we need to consume two
planets per year to keep the
current global economy
that global economy while it is
growing and it’s an economy that has
declined the poverty level test
historical is completely unsustainable
you can not continue living in a
planet that requires two planets per
year
There is something wrong moment
resources are going to end the problem
is going to be the maximum agility to those
resources because they will increasingly be scarce
to be scarce more and also the
accessibility new resources that today
we do not know
then for them is not a problem
issue of lack of resources in the future
then to solve the problem of the
environmental crisis obviously I do not have
a solution to every person that I
happened or try to transmit them to
you are that there has always been talk of
that one of the needs for
facing the environmental crisis has been
change human behavior nothing
easy because it ‘s basically camps already
change the kompel biological component
of human nature
the question I ask is possible
it is possible to change it and the answer that
today generally yes indeed we have
changed our human behavior
during many times throughout the
story and one of those times has been
200 years ago when we started to grow
exponentially
my message in this in this talk is that
what we have to do is think that
the change of nature
the biological component of
human nature we should understand it
as a learning in our career
evolutionary not like a go back
as our ancestors did,
look what is a learning and that to
from that learning we can
change something in the world
I think the global change as it is called
many times they are at environmental problem
the global change should be another and it is
precisely the change in perception
of who we are as a species and towards
where do we want to go as a species
Thank you
m
[Music]
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