¿Qué tan grande puede ser un territorio? | Carlos Agusto Molina | TEDxMedellin

[Music]

the Embera people is a community

indigenous exists a long time ago is a

of our ancestral communities more

ancient

this embera village located in the

west of the country and specifically in

the region of antioquia we have it in

urabá and we have it also in cities

as a garden there are and indigenous resguardos

the embera the embera believe that

formerly there were several levels of

world those levels of the world were

connected and specifically between this

level where we live and where

they inhabited the embera there is a ladder

of glass that glass staircase arrived

to take out Gabi who was the creator god

of men but that staircase not only

it was a bridge between worlds but that

staircase was the way to communicate the

wisdom to communicate knowledge

for gaby for example the embera the corn

and the chontaduro and he taught them how

they inhabit the territory and finally

then for the embera to the territory

is what defines your life but one day

load I saw and the embera entered into

conflict and cargo di destroyed the

glass staircase

from that moment on then the embera

they lost access to that form of

knowledge that was represented in

the sky somehow this the ones

refers to a possibility that we

we are also losing little by little here

in the city is a phenomenon called

light pollution in a night

simple a starry night in a place

without light pollution we

we could see at least six thousand

stars and with those six thousand stars

we for example create literature

poetry art have you can not quote

at least a vallenato or a song

a bullet that talks about giving away

stars and the moon would be a small

example of something that can happen

but here in Medellin for example instead

of six thousand stars pollution

light has robbed us of the possibility of

see them and we can maybe how much maximum

see about 100 stars in the best of

the nights the 100 stars imagine

what that can represent and in addition

that has cut us off a possibility that

the possibility of dreaming of something that

can be more transcendent and define

finally that is our territory

towards the sixth century before Christ

we thought we lived in a

flat world and that plan was not like the

wait a kind of lid for a

cylinder

imagine something like this rug that

we have here it was so dramatic that it’s because

example I would stand in this region of

sea in the region of the pillars of the

land specifically in the region that

we know today as Gibraltar

If I stop in Gibraltar and surfed

beyond the ocean

I could simply fall giving me this

step but this one is pet

this would be the end of the world but that

changed radically

that changed radically because some

centuries later in the second century

we learned that maybe he the

world was not flat but the world

the ball and even though we did not know what

there was beyond that region of the

columns of hercules

we could start dreaming about

the possibility of another territory of

expand that territory much further

of those columns

this is how he traveled then cristóbal

Colon and Colon then went through all the

ocean with the fears that that can

imply they talked about besides the

possibility of falling from the world

there was also talk of sea monsters

and there was talk of the so-called sirens

in fact colon and his expeditionaries

they report that they saw sirens

we know now that maybe what they saw

in the warm waters of the Caribbean but the

nuance a little different from sirens

but the thing is that colon crossing

the ocean euro that barrier and the barrier

is essentially based on fear

that fear then was to paralyze

but when he got past the sea

opened a new world and then it was

now our gigantic planet our

territory was no longer limited by a

ocean

we were in a spherical world surrounded

as was thought until the middle age of

you wait we can think that now our

territory was the earth and surrounding the

earth there were a series of layers of

onion we think the universe as layers

of onion and all the capacities of

around the earth

true the first layer was this one that

we have here the blanquita blanket that I knew

and it’s the moon’s layer

this is an artistic representation of

universe of dante

the poet as it appears in the in the divine

comedy then we had the moon

we have mercury venus the sun giving it

turns to the earth later they would be

jupiter and saturn

the other planets we knew

then we had a little beyond

saturn the stars and is the universe

images of the universe then with a

onion centered on our planet

but those crystal spheres that

they formed the onion were broken ago

thousand 609 with a galileo instrument

galilei for the first time pointed the object

a telescope to the sky and what

revealed galileo changed our our

new way of seeing the world

then he saw that for example already

planets like jupiter that they had

small moons that moved around

of him that the sun was not the place of

perfect things as was thought in the

middle age and that up there after

the moon not necessarily things were

imputable

in fact galileo pointed his telescope

towards the moon and he realized that in the

moon there were mountains and that changed the guide

of the sphere of the moon with a region

of transition a border in the

universe to think of the moon as a

place and that led us then in the

sixties to think about the possibility

to go to the moon

then the moon was no longer simply

a limit was a place and from that

we were scaled

I give transforming and transforming

our universe and less than a hundred

years ago

the adventure of thought led him to

apple to a much farther place what

we knew that our universe was

composed not only of planets and

stars but of galaxies and every time

that we then went running

that border is the limit what

we were doing was beating the

fear and that’s why I think the

curiosity finally in the history of

humanity that has overcome fear

and I want to invite you to do a

travel

we are all going to winnow in a ship

space at this time we are going to

explore the universe and let’s see up

where it has taken us to see the universe

then known in the Galilean era

had transformed into this layer of

onion to a region where the sun was

in the center but possibly we knew

that they have not even requested in the

Center of the universe

here we see the environment of the planets

one of these is our planet and we see

the asteroid belt

we are let’s say in a very dimension

close very close to us but

when we move away from this

place we realize that not only

we can go to this factor we can not go

beyond and we can find planets

different Uranus and Neptune were

discovered in the 18th century of the 19th century

we did not know them before and this environment

what we call the solar system

we could think what it’s like

as our little neighborhood true is what

closest we have and although

we could go let’s say where we could

send spaceships but if we

we are far enough away

we realize that our star the

sun is just a little star

star in the context of thousands of

millions of stars billions

of stars and those billions of

stars belong to this that is like

a kind of gigantic cosmic beach

the cosmic beach is called the Milky Way

we understood this and discovered it

less than 100 years ago our galaxy

it’s huge if the light went from one side to

another of the galaxy determine itself

it would take about 100,000 years for

go forth and is what most

fast trip true

an example is that light takes a

second to go to the moon

we both take four guides

when we were in the 70s in the

era of exploration but that galaxy

only one of a group that is known as

the local group

this could be something like our

commune and there we would be say the

neighborhoods that make up these are we

seeing now the shine those galaxies

stars billions of stars

gathered in these groups in these

communes of galaxies and even if we

we keep moving away from our point of

reference we find something that

we can not even see the matter

dark dark matter is the skeleton

of the universe is something that is not like

Star is not visible to us

but that finally holds the device

gigantic that the universe and this

we also learned it very little more

60 years old and on that skeleton

there are many more galaxies this than you

are watching is a census of around

the 6 billion galaxies that we have

seen but we estimate that our

universe has almost as many galaxies as

stars there are in our Milky Way

then they are billions of

stars and our sight came so

far that even now we are seeing

in these yellow blue colors and

red

the footprint the fossil of the birth of

our universe

the echo of the birth of our

universe this light that we are seeing there

comes from 15,000 million years in the

past and this we have discovered to

from that idea we are going more and more

there overcoming with our curiosity the

fear our universe is much more

great than what I ended

show your level is huge not even

we can think or imagine

as a space like this venue but

our intellect came to dominate already

think and make all the units

occur here in a small head of a

lecturer who spent a couple of years

studying it

but it is open to you through

of what you have seen

and what does this have to do with our

city ​​because we are going to discuss this in

the context of this city our

city was built along

many years in the definition of

borders even now a man that I

it seems poetic but not adequate in

our city as in many other

there are invisible borders borders

that we can not move from a neighborhood to

another one as the other can run

risk your life

we thought that we had to propose

something from our knowledge of the

astronomy

what we did was to go through the neighborhoods

systematically systematically with

this element that we have perhaps is a

mobile planetarium is an inflatable planet

where people lived experiences

similar to what you have just

have but a little more extended and

then we started asking about the

people good children adults elders in

this trip that we have traveled

you can notice where the

border from galileo from the greek

where is the border the universe every

Once we find ourselves with these

answers we did not see it we did not see it and that

not seeing the border means that that

border was created and that border faith

was essentially created by a barrier

that is not known

true in one of these experiences we

we found a couple of guys who

they defended these invisible borders

three armed boys and one of them

approached me to ask for permission to

get in

he took only that we had 30 children there

inside and I said clear it ‘s for all

community

only that you enter but your weapon does not

came in and this guy then deliver his

weapon that was what he deposited his

security between the dome and when this

boy came out of the dome his expression was

absolute dismay went quietly

and I think yes at least that guy

was touched by that experience and

got to think about what border

I was defending

I believe that our work was

very successful and finally this trip this

trip that we did for the

universe but they would also be

we did for the neighborhoods of

Medellin and we continue doing it has

taught a very important thing

the borders are frontiers of

knowledge

when you are the opportunity to see more

Beyond seeing the other duty on the block

following this boundary simply

disappears and is a lesson that leaves us

also the universe

thank you very much

[Applause]