in you that the state must create
define and guarantee rights for and
the young
if we remember about this point
you can possibly deploy a
set of questions that have to do
for example with if the state should
guarantee and create rights first
politicians and not only create them but
see how these political rights are
can be effective or in others
terms if the state can and how
can teach us to participate the
youth participation became
a very important item on the agenda
political and social in Argentina so
less in the last five years have
done different actions of the state it
has created bodies legislations
public policies and has been promoted
especially that they are young
who enter to work in the state
I would like to mention some examples in
the year 2012 there was an important debate
public about the so-called young vote
that is to say a proposal that finally
approved that it had to do with lowering the
age to exercise the vote of 18
years when it is mandatory to vote in
Argentina
at age 16 this law finally gets
sanctioned and 16 year olds
can vote in an optional way
one year later another law was enacted
the law of student centers
possibly everyone here knows that it is a
student center
in principle it is an organization that
brings together high school students
university of public management or
private that what you are going to propose is
Do different kinds of activities are
different these student centers
some organize cultural days
there are others that can organize even
protests or linking with spaces
supporters politicians
although the tradition of the organization
student in Argentina has a long
data
the law allowed to clean a road
allowed to consolidate the centers of
students as democratic bodies
against which the authorities do not
They could offer some resistance
when young people wanted to organize
on the other hand at the university of
buenos aires we did an investigation
on youth public policies
is we did a survey of almost 160
public policies and when we started
Let’s see
what were these policies calls us
a lot of attention
notice that almost one in four
youth public policies 23%
more punctually he had among his
main objectives promote the
participation of young people in
social and political terms
the most striking thing was not just that you’re
policies were so important
they were followed by other policies
maybe much more classic in subject
of youth is how they are for example
the inclusion and social access of
rights or the inclusion and
educational terminality
now the question that surely
all of you are doing is that they are
these public policies
participatory in light of this
general review I would like to systematize
some of the points that allow
understand the first one is about
public policy policy that
they are going to propose working with young people
they are secondary students that is to say that
they have a student status
but also public policies
are going to put the focus on work in the
school is to say in the field
student
It also deals with policies in the
which the state will propose
offer them to the students
knowledge tools knowledge that
propitiate the construction of spaces
organizations can be centers of
mutual cooperative students
different forms of organization and in
this sense is interesting to see the
profile that both workers have
State related to these
policies like the officials that
general have had this kind of
participatory experiences is to say that
your role in these policies does not have to
see only with knowing how to work in the
state but also with knowing
participated another interesting feature of
these public policies is that the
link with the state is going to solve
in workshops meetings where the state
will participate in these strategies
conformation of organization spaces
student
these traits are very general but
allows to give a general approximation to
public policies and allow us
think about some of the strengths but
also of his weaknesses to be able
continue with the argument I’m going to focus
in a particular public policy
that was created before the
of student centers that I proposed
accompany the training or
consolidation of centers
student well what I’m interested in
show in light of the analysis of
this public policy in particular is
what are the limits that will
find this idea that the state
promote participation
fundamentally trying to shed
what are the different senses about
what is to participate that they are going to put on
game in these public policies
I’ll start by one of the actors
the officials are the officials
those that define in general that a
public policy is going to create which
is going to be your guide how is it going to
carry forward the assessment they make
the officials on this policy
public in particular is very
strongly related to his
biographical evaluation regarding
when those same were young
they were young in a very context
particular in Argentina that had to
see with the last military dictatorship
when being young have long hair
walk in groups of young people and
talk about having political participation
the object of illegal detentions or
even of forced disappearances
that’s why for these officials there
a state of law that offers them the
possibility of organizing is going to be
seen as a value
now how do young people read these
speeches by officials
first they will see them as
adult speeches is to say speeches
extemporaneous that end us with
interpellate everything and above all
things are going to look at the center model
of students a normative model the and
the young people of the school are organized
a multiplicity of ways that
no way is it exhausted in the form of
student center
now there are other actors at stake
For example, workers are
workshop workers who are struggling
daily with young people in
the space in the conformation of the
Student centers are a little more
young people have more or less
between 30 and 40 years and the evaluation that
they make these public policies
it also has to do with their own
biographies they were young
they were in high school in
the decade of the ninety moment when it
the maximum rise of neoliberalism in
Argentina and in this context the idea of
participating was far from taking the
Been as a desired or valued place
the participation was raised by outside
or even against the state for that
these workers what they are going to do is
value that the state offers them
organizational tools to and
young boys
now what about these young people
which are finally for those who are
designed and thought these policies
public
Obviously, the value of valuations
they are different there is not a single
valuation about these policies
public
I will try to illustrate these different
positions that they will take from
the results of a survey that
we apply in these centers workshops
of students and I was interested in showing
with you
in the first of the meetings that
carried out in the province of missions in
the year 2012
well what we noticed was that the
80% of young people who attended
this meeting and go to schools in
that knew student centers and
in addition 75 percent already participated
of those student centers
now when we
we asked if what they were doing
when they participated, it was politics
68 percent said that
to participate was one thing and to do
politics was another
in another meeting that took place in the
province of buenos aires in the
parchment town in the year 2013
we applied this survey again and there
we find that the percentage of
young people who went to schools that already
they had student centers was a
little less was 67 percent and
he was also younger
participation in these centers
64 percent student
now when we
we asked what they were
they did when they participated they said that
they did politics but when they said
who did politics did not associate this
political participation in the field
school
but its link to another
type of youth organizations that
they are outside the school environment
I would like to report a third situation
that occurred in one of the workshops in
which the workshop was
proposing in a meeting in Rome with
these different young people that was a
student center what was it for?
how they had conformed the cases
that this had happened and one of the
Young Juan Manuel raised his hand and
the workshop leader asked and asked
and because the state has to come to
tell us how we have to
get organized
I find it interesting to replace these
different points of view
why because all these actors
they would be equally convinced in the
value that political rights have
for young people
now these different valuations
about what it is to participate is not
face the situation of
evaluate how these public policies
they can be more or less effective like this
participate for some may have to
see with the existence of a state of
right that guarantees rights
politicians for young people and
others may have to do with a state
that confers tools and that is based
in the participatory experience itself
of those workers and can also
happen to these young people
these speeches seen as speeches
downtown adults do not finish it
question everything you do not want
say that they do not participate as we saw
they just participate and a lot but the
senses that impress the idea of
participate seem to be others
to finish I would like to try
pose two situations two dilemmas that
I think it offers us the analysis of
these public policies
participatory in the first place is
possible to think once adulthood action
of the state
how to make the state
establish new new dialogs
relationships that allow you to avoid this
adaptation process that they have
even young people who start
work and be part of the state and other
question that opens is another but it is
complementary
the previous one is in what way we can
think the time state its
stateization of policies
public is not to try to think
without the state but in any case
think how we can do to make
public policies can go more
beyond the state
and I say this because the juncture
current argentina has become a
central issue
if previously the participation
youth policy
is part of a political agenda and
public very importantly what
we started to find now in front of
management change current government is
that this policy is this imprint
this agenda stopped having that validity
Then think about public policies
beyond the state will allow us
think how to make these
political rights can be sustained and
exercise in a sustained manner throughout
weather
it would be then to think with the
been but beyond the state and I
it seems that this question becomes
central both for the managers themselves
of public policies as
also for young people and
that ultimately what it is about and
what is at stake is your right to
take part
thank you very much
[Applause]
”
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