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Pression ou influence ? Le lobbying interroge | Emmanuelle Garault | TEDxUniversitéParisDauphine


[Applause]

traffic corruption of influenced six of them

have rigged by networks

of obscure influenced that goes on between

washington brussels paris if you

look a little in the press

it’s a little the messages that you go

to receive on the practice of my profession

in fact wholesale criticized for

favor particular interests in

detriment of the general interest

even to sit completely

those of barley and economic and financial

our country

and then then there is the business then

in Brussels there was always there is the

to lobby tobacco in Paris I will

think for example to cash

investigations that denounces in

agriculture the use of pesticides

and then for example points here I

you can find some

plethora can confident in general

when we talk about my job, we’re going

first refer to this type of

two messages

so when you go to dinner with

friends to meet very people

nice we are talking to you that you

of a moment you say but then you do

what

and here I prefer with doctors what

that it’s a little cooler the world has

little bobos estate agents we have

all need a roof over the

head when you say that you

are the beast in general its ice a

little and yet I’m the bij since

almost twenty years I worked at

brussels for a very long time in

as a French official for

defend interests in brussels

then I came back to work

in paris i also worked in

several European countries

I now defend the interests of

big American multinationals we

talked about it just now

now Swiss and then I look at myself

from time to time in the ice when

even I say to myself wow corruption

conflict of interest what is it

that it is my practice I confess that

I do not really find myself in there

so lobbying is what these

bad guys that’s nice it’s complicated

and that comes from where you explain in

do what I do and how do

spend lobbying actually it’s in you

find full of definition

European Commission in texts

of law mine actually I’m the

spokesperson

who will defend interests

a position in front of decision makers

policies

I will try to explain to them that

on such and such regulation by

report to the company or

interests that I represent I think

that it’s more or less positive more or

less negative why I’m not going

necessarily as the bis

represented only interests

multinational companies I can

also worked for tpe / sme

it was my case before

you can also find lobbysts

in professional federations

in trade unions but also in

consumer associations I

think for example what to choose who

had taken a position at the assembly

national a decade ago

where he claimed to be lobbysts

sas and I found it very very strong

and is very modern and you can

also find lobis so we go to them

to call differently will call that from

advocacy in NGOs in

patient associations

we all have the same job we did

same training

and then we can go from one to

the other this job that I tell them is

the defense makes it of interest

specific specific

the association a problem of rights of

consumers of the environment of

digital at a moment t and so we

represents is called parts

stakeholders an expression of society

to try to explain the

virtues or no such and such

reflection

and all this is part of it in

england the definition of parties

lobby stakeholders is in england

actually lobby means corridor and the

lobbyist is the one who was in the

House of Commons in London who

try to challenge parliamentarians

before he enters the hemicycle

to adopt a decision for the

convince that such and such interest

was important or such and such

decision because in England actually

you know it very much related to

industrialization so beginning of the

19th and that’s the concern of actually getting

say that when you represent a

particular interest you want in

does improve something for your

your own account

if it’s positive without knowing it you

risk adding value

to society so if we make a

caricature the sum of interests

particular will define the interest

general while in France we have a

political design completely to

the opposite of this political tradition

English is also found in the states

united in France we will do a lot more

reference to the social contract of

rousseau where we will actually say that the

people holds in the general interest

and that when they vote and that he names

an elected official it gives him this power

to know what is good for the people

and its forge makes it a tradition

politics in brussels you’re going to be

between two ie in brussels

you are going to have institutions that

on paper seems to work at the

French there are cabinets

and very structured

pyramid

but their operation is a lot

more Anglo-Saxon since in fact

Brussels to be able to know what is

good for the population is there between

she and the population of states that

often defend their own

economic interests of the regions and

to fine and how is she doing

to find out what actors expect

economic and consumer

so she develops a system of

consultation and that’s when

that lobbysts expresses it’s this

moment there we think that on this subject there

to go in such a way that in such

other but what about France

so in brussels in washington that the

first place lobbying level

global we will estimate 30,000 lobbysts

Brussels is estimated between them or

about 20 miles the beast in France

we do not know there is not really

established figures

so I learned a little bit and

will estimate if we are in an order of

size that has about 4000

structure in France who will defend

at a given moment or another their

interest in decision makers

policies that are going to make another big

words of influence

so I actually remember as a

anecdote inde a call a day a

american journalist who tells me I

see that you think you are lobbysts

that you claim it

but in fact there are some that I

not understand there is the did

reference and I would like you

explain to me she was referring in

made to the sphere of breathalyzers in

2012 where the fillon government has

decided that actually every driver

had to have a breathalyzer so

required in his glove box

the idea was rather positive it’s up to

to say the idea was to reduce the

car accidents because of the

alcohol consumption and to ask

drivers of himself to have a

breathalyzer it was a way of the

to make people aware of their consumption

alcohol and especially to reduce the

expenditure for the state ie the

when you are arrested we do not know

not the state that pays alcohol tests but

the driver

in fact the problem is that the

President of the Federation of

road accidents made the front page

newspapers saying that this decision

was outrageous because she had

favored a French company whose

the order book was exploding and so

she implied that there was

conflict of interest yet this famous

word I will not go into detail

to know if it’s true or if it’s wrong

what is interesting is that in fact

when she called the elect for

to know who they with whom he had

discussed

she discovered that actually an employee

from this company

was president of the federation of

alcohol tests in France and that it is him

who had given this idea and she

tell me when I call a parliamentarian

and that I tell him is what you have

received this gentleman absolutely yes

and so what it saw you

said ah no me madam I do not argue

not with the lobis me I go out to

kicking ass in my office and

said emmanuelle I discussed with

who

vast question then of course the

discusses with lobbyists I told you

that they had levers in the

professional federations and this is

in fact what is interesting is

that the question of the term bing is in

so sulphurous so there is an association

in France who looked at the

question and then said

the association that groups lobbysts

French companies

if we can not call ourselves lobbies how

we can call each other after all

it may be a kind of word we have

searched we did marketing studies

state of investigation we looked into

different countries where the practice is

current and then actually I think me

personally that no matter one can

to call himself director of business

public 17 director of business

institutional or the beast a cat

is a cat the subject for me he is

not in the denomination he is in

our practice and this is a topic about

which I started to lean

when i was working in brussels

since we have a definition and a

frame that was asked in 1996

in Brussels and an acceleration in

2004 since there is a commissioner

european called sim kallas who has

decided to seize the subject and to

to put a regulation is a framework

a little bit more strict and that’s where

that I decided to create my

association called base that has

over ten years old which counts more than one

hundred of the beast in France to

say no to brussels there are

reflections there is a framework in France

what’s not so big about it

already did not speak much or when

talk about it is rather an evil

I thought , what can I

To this topic we seize

that it is recognized as an activity

like another and what can I

to make the behavior not long

in one case

professionals remain respectful of a

number of rules in france the

subject happened a lot later I

will say after a lot of symposium etc and

to have worked with others

associations

it’s sir sirue at the time

parliamentary secretary today

of state which partly took over

sir functions will go who

seized the subject in 2012

the breathalyser and actually decides to

recognize the added value of the lobby

saying here are the lobbysts brings

an expertise at a time t a

analysis of a text he defends a

position but for that we need to know

it is what interest he represents

what budget they are at what are the

folders on which he will work

in a register we wear a badge and we

knows who we are dealing with

this regulation has evolved since

we have a law that has been adopted

two weeks ago we call

in our jargon the text its part 2 which

which you have certainly not heard

in the press that actually poses the

issue of launcher protection

of alert and and time the reflection to

the recognition of the lobbysts in

France so we do not call it the

bing interest representatives

wandering this mandatory statement

integrates ministerial cabinets

some administrations some elected

local and so today we have a framework

which is fixed in France, we must

all respected and who I hope

will demystify this practice a little

after if I do a little bit of a return

on me to keep breaking you

preconceived ideas

I am not the wife of a man

politics I’m not the daughter of a

politician and I do not do any

policy

I have personal convictions

as a citizen I will vote but I

I am not sure or close to a

any party I do not live on a

address book I do not pass my

life cocktail small necessarily I

will not be here tonight

I work I have a job with

working techniques we have moreover to

basic publish a book we try to

explain to present them

a year and a half ago and then I

think that always in this reflection

of a modern democratic debate on

must be able to express

interests I think everyone should

stay in one’s place

the lobbyist presents an analysis

explains clearly why he is why

it is there what are the stakes that

who thinks that is positive at

negative according to interests

that they represent and elected him he

listen but he listens to everyone he

will listen to all the parties

stakeholders I gave you one

number he thinks he is forging

his opinion and then they decide what

that they think they are good for the

collectivity

Thank you

[Applause]

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