theme that we have already started
approach that of thinking systems
humans and the implications of
decision- making process when we
talk about ecology and environment
so I had the chance to grow up in
a family who sensitized me to these
young people at different sciences like
ecology or the story of life on
earth and I realized quickly enough
the importance of responding to
the climatic emergency and growing up
when I was a teenager I thought
all cases the man is an animal
rational so who will solve the
problem and we do not even need to
think everyday until
I learn a little over five years ago
the history of the island of nauru and she
is quite interesting and I would like
you present it then we will have
it’s an island that has been discovered
by English settlers at the end of
eighteenth century and that’s smelling more
later discovered deposits
huge phosphate then the phosphate
it is a very powerful natural fertilizer
who were in great demand by
australia and china and on and on
after discovering the langres and
so in half in 1906 you have not hurt
of mines that started coming on
square
shave a few pieces of forest
and take the beaches to start at
extract it and sell it and it has
continued for dozens of years
until in 1968 the year when lille
took his independence
so this year tears the
scientists told them guys
have to pay a little attention to your
phosphate consumption this is your
only natural resource and he’s going
have to spread its consumption
kind of preserve it a little bit the
phosphate and the forests that go with
and those who decided this year
there it was to continue to undermine the
phosphate still growing in
shaving the forests but this time in
keeping the fertilizer for them and the
income for them and that’s fine
market for them at the time in three
years it became the second country the
richer in the world per capita with a
comfort level of life almost
unparalleled he was buying every
cars boats air conditioners
all that the comfort of life of the time
could offer them
and it lasted until 1990 when the
mines were starting to run out and
2003 the last mine on the farm and the
result
is that today our wheels is one
of the poorest countries in the world they
are reduced to having to sell
passports and escape
and are in the process of
negotiate with australia to be able to
buy back land is capped all
and all to be able to grow
weapons to crops one could
find this story a little bit
absurd but must not forget
that today we consume in terms of
resources the equivalent of two
planets and what is even more
it is surprising that we have developed
environmental solutions like you
just said we are all aware
of the problem
but in fact we do not go to
the action
or so very little and when I had
discovered how this story I’m
am asked but why if such
gulf between the will to act a
concrete action and scientists
some scientists can we
let us explain it by the way
which the thoughtful man and the
decision- making mechanisms then
if we allowed to simplify a small
little these mechanisms the man will respond
and will react to a danger or face
to an interest there are two systems of
mechanisms that have just returned in
thu
you have the emotional system that
is very powerful and he had the
rational system that is so much
less
and we’ll take an example that you
know all here to illustrate the
difference in efficiency between the two
systems
procrastination when we are going to make a
memory or a thesis we all leave the
concept we are going to try out talent and
the work on the duration that we are going
work a little bit each month
because it’s going to be nicer and
easier to do
that’s what I told myself when
I wanted to close my memory
the time that the first month I’m
I said I did not even think second
I tell myself that there was time
so the work build up on the end
of the year and after a few months
there is a rational mechanism that
brought into play the guilt then the
Guilt it’s a little bit of a walk
in the sense that I started to
determine which book I am going to
read to inspire me for my memoir
I started to do the preface and
it was enough to calm my feeling of
guilt for several months
until I approach the end of
the year when rational guilt
turned into emotional stress
and there it worked very well
finished my and died in five days
I did very badly I took a step
very good note but I do them and
that’s where it’s interesting
the system is ugly it is a lot
more powerful than the rational stand
because they are based on
totally different mechanisms the
rational system is based on a
mental representation of a danger or
of interest while the system
emotional it will be based on
neurotransmitters very powerful that
my evolution as it is the others
animals pushed me to develop for
to react to these dangers
interests in the case of danger it’s
adrenaline we all know
it’s the feeling of stress for example
I walk in the forest and I
fall on a bear my reaction
standard biological is normal it’s okay
to be running away I ‘m running
no case I will stay quietly
telling me that I’m going to go
to my occupations to take care of it
later or even worse I’m going
leave the problem to the future
generations
it’s impossible and in the case of
the environment as the danger is
not immediately I find myself excuses
I tell myself I’ll do it later I
procrastin because we lost
50% of phytoplankton forests
tropical since 1950
I can not imagine I can not even
represent to me that warming
climatic disturbance climatic goes
result in hundreds of millions of
worldwide migration that 30%
from the Netherlands to that matane will end under
the water level all that I can I
can not feel it I can not
to apprehend it and when I can
to feel the danger is that it will already be
too late
so if we summarize the system of
rational thinking and too inefficient
I can not rely on stress
emotional so to solve the
environmental problem
it should be based on the interest
emotional as for the danger they
are based on neurotransmitters
very powerful so that’s the
dopamine and endorphin is known
in the form of pleasure or be and
it’s a mechanism that comes into play
when I’m going to have recognition
social belonging to a group
when I will have an immediate return
reward staff an example
we all know here it’s the networks
social
when I have a like when I have a
comment on facebook I have a small
dopamine peak
so we spend a lot of time
on social networks more than
think of reforestation for example
and we could use its mechanisms
there and apply them to ecology this
that unfortunately today
ecology it’s not fun it’s not
valued socially there is no
reward and the impact it is
impersonal it is not it is not
live and you have other sectors
who use and who is inspired
of this brain and these mechanisms
emotional to develop a
activity
this is the case of education
education today use of
more and more mechanisms of games
video to do education that
is sometimes perceived as a constraint
something a lot more fun I
can take example of schools
Swedish where children learn
with playful video games or even
of school 42 case a school
computer science was sacred better
computer school in the world in
which there are no professors
students come and learn from them
same and they have a ranking system of
scor and grading badges that will
make education a lot more
fun much more personal and the
students they even go on weekends
to learn
we could very well imagine
resume the mechanisms of the games
video and applies them to ecology a
system rands system
badge reward for example if a
billionaire could spend the first
architect of humanity on his page
wikipedia maybe they get
would bequeath his fortune to
reforestation projects and we can
very well also play on the
mechanisms of the social networks of
rewards systems and we have
by the way an example that proves that
bring solutions closer
environmental incentives
emotional works very well
this is the person we have
proved when he launched the ps so has it
for those who do not know the unsc
it’s the founder of hyper space x
missed solarcity and tesla so
tesla is different from others
electric car dealers because
than a little over ten years when all the
world was trying to make cars
inexpensive electric but suddenly
who was not sexy who was not
autonomous and still costing
much more expensive a standard car
he decided to make a car
very expensive electric but very
sexy and behaving almost any
only she went from 1 to 100 km / hour
in a matter of seconds
so a lot of people have talked about it and
the influencers wanted to buy this
car there and started to
value to communicate about the fact
that they had a tesla so he did not
invented the electric car that makes
over one hundred years ago we have cars
electrical
but what he did was create the
market by bringing the car closer
electric emotional expectations he
went from that to that and tesla went
not the only example we can take
we also have recycling terminals in
which we will be able to put a can
or a goblet and that gave us
reward gifts directly and
we see that people recycle much more
because it becomes fun because it
becomes rewarded we have another
example that I like not bad it’s a
stairs that plays music when I
go up the steps and what they have this
that we noticed is that people
take the stairs almost
every time instead of taking
the elevator or take the escalator
so by getting closer to
anyway the solution of the mechanisms
human emotional mechanisms on
manages to develop solutions
environmental and it may be
that’s one of the keys to solving the
crisis today the crisis
environmental who who is getting ready
worried everyone can start
it’s not just about developing
solutions by trying to raise awareness
public
he might be able to innovate and
continue a close together solutions
existing public expectations the
people’s expectations this will always be
easier to bring the ecology closer to
society that to bring the
ecology society thanks to all
[Applause]
”
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