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Our Current Drug Policy Is Not Working | Jim Gray | TEDxBakersfield


to start I was raised probably the same

to start I was raised probably the same way that all of you were – in effect

way that all of you were – in effect

way that all of you were – in effect equate heroin with bad with evil and

equate heroin with bad with evil and

equate heroin with bad with evil and with prison and you kind of don’t think

with prison and you kind of don’t think

with prison and you kind of don’t think about it that much but we all know that

about it that much but we all know that

about it that much but we all know that being addicted any of these substances

being addicted any of these substances

being addicted any of these substances is certainly not a good thing and

is certainly not a good thing and

is certainly not a good thing and nothing that I will say will imply in

nothing that I will say will imply in

nothing that I will say will imply in any fashion that it’s not a serious

any fashion that it’s not a serious

any fashion that it’s not a serious thing I can also say that after college

thing I can also say that after college

thing I can also say that after college I was in the Peace Corps and so just I

I was in the Peace Corps and so just I

I was in the Peace Corps and so just I bring that up to show you that I care

bring that up to show you that I care

bring that up to show you that I care about people after the Peace Corps I

about people after the Peace Corps I

about people after the Peace Corps I went into law school and was immediately

went into law school and was immediately

went into law school and was immediately being drafted it was the height of the

being drafted it was the height of the

being drafted it was the height of the Vietnam War about 1968

Vietnam War about 1968

Vietnam War about 1968 and so I joined and listed with the Navy

and so I joined and listed with the Navy

and so I joined and listed with the Navy and after law school I became a navy

and after law school I became a navy

and after law school I became a navy lawyer a staff judge advocate in the

lawyer a staff judge advocate in the

lawyer a staff judge advocate in the u.s. naval air station in Guam and

u.s. naval air station in Guam and

u.s. naval air station in Guam and thereafter a criminal defense attorney

thereafter a criminal defense attorney

thereafter a criminal defense attorney at US Naval Air Station in Lemoore

at US Naval Air Station in Lemoore

at US Naval Air Station in Lemoore California and in Guam I saw of course

California and in Guam I saw of course

California and in Guam I saw of course that I was filling out charge sheets

that I was filling out charge sheets

that I was filling out charge sheets against my shipmates for numbers of

against my shipmates for numbers of

against my shipmates for numbers of offenses certainly including drug

offenses certainly including drug

offenses certainly including drug offenses and then as additional duty I

offenses and then as additional duty I

offenses and then as additional duty I was a criminal defense attorney

was a criminal defense attorney

was a criminal defense attorney defending people other shipmates from

defending people other shipmates from

defending people other shipmates from other commands that were charged with

other commands that were charged with

other commands that were charged with other things including drug offenses

other things including drug offenses

other things including drug offenses didn’t think about it very much just

didn’t think about it very much just

didn’t think about it very much just thought that was the normal thing to do

thought that was the normal thing to do

thought that was the normal thing to do I was in effect a drug warrior looking

I was in effect a drug warrior looking

I was in effect a drug warrior looking back though at the beginning in Guam in

back though at the beginning in Guam in

back though at the beginning in Guam in about 1972 they had made big headlines

about 1972 they had made big headlines

about 1972 they had made big headlines in the paper saying that they had their

in the paper saying that they had their

in the paper saying that they had their first homicide since the end of the

first homicide since the end of the

first homicide since the end of the Second World War and they were all

Second World War and they were all

Second World War and they were all concerned about that and wondered how it

concerned about that and wondered how it

concerned about that and wondered how it happened and as time went along it

happened and as time went along it

happened and as time went along it turned out that lots of people were

turned out that lots of people were

turned out that lots of people were starting to bring illegal drugs during

starting to bring illegal drugs during

starting to bring illegal drugs during the Vietnam War in military aircraft

the Vietnam War in military aircraft

the Vietnam War in military aircraft from Vietnam from Thailand and this

from Vietnam from Thailand and this

from Vietnam from Thailand and this homicide turned out to be yet another

homicide turned out to be yet another

homicide turned out to be yet another drug deal that went wrong

drug deal that went wrong

drug deal that went wrong and by the time I left the island a

and by the time I left the island a

and by the time I left the island a couple of years later unfortunately it

couple of years later unfortunately it

couple of years later unfortunately it was a fairly common experience to have

was a fairly common experience to have

was a fairly common experience to have homicides that were drug-related after

homicides that were drug-related after

homicides that were drug-related after that and I was discharged from the Navy

that and I was discharged from the Navy

that and I was discharged from the Navy I became a federal prosecutor in Los

I became a federal prosecutor in Los

I became a federal prosecutor in Los Angeles and for at least a short time

Angeles and for at least a short time

Angeles and for at least a short time held the record for the largest drug

held the record for the largest drug

held the record for the largest drug prosecution in the Central District of

prosecution in the Central District of

prosecution in the Central District of California 75 kilos of heroin 165 pounds

California 75 kilos of heroin 165 pounds

California 75 kilos of heroin 165 pounds was and is a whole bunch of heroin but

was and is a whole bunch of heroin but

was and is a whole bunch of heroin but does anyone have a concept of what the

does anyone have a concept of what the

does anyone have a concept of what the record prosecution is today in the

record prosecution is today in the

record prosecution is today in the Central District of California 17 tons

Central District of California 17 tons

Central District of California 17 tons cane in one place just boggles your mind

cane in one place just boggles your mind

cane in one place just boggles your mind as to the amount of drugs that we’re

as to the amount of drugs that we’re

as to the amount of drugs that we’re talking about and if you really think

talking about and if you really think

talking about and if you really think about it seriously

about it seriously

about it seriously there’s no Society in the history of

there’s no Society in the history of

there’s no Society in the history of mankind that has not had some form of

mankind that has not had some form of

mankind that has not had some form of mind-altering sometimes addicting

mind-altering sometimes addicting

mind-altering sometimes addicting substance to use to misuse to abuse and

substance to use to misuse to abuse and

substance to use to misuse to abuse and even get addicted to except maybe the

even get addicted to except maybe the

even get addicted to except maybe the Eskimos because they couldn’t grow

Eskimos because they couldn’t grow

Eskimos because they couldn’t grow anything but now chemistry and

anything but now chemistry and

anything but now chemistry and Transportation has changed that as well

Transportation has changed that as well

Transportation has changed that as well so let’s come to the blunt reality here

so let’s come to the blunt reality here

so let’s come to the blunt reality here that these drugs harmful as they can be

that these drugs harmful as they can be

that these drugs harmful as they can be are here to stay I’m sorry to be so

are here to stay I’m sorry to be so

are here to stay I’m sorry to be so blunt but that’s the reality so if

blunt but that’s the reality so if

blunt but that’s the reality so if that’s the case they’re going to bring

that’s the case they’re going to bring

that’s the case they’re going to bring armed to our society so we should

armed to our society so we should

armed to our society so we should government as a people come up with

government as a people come up with

government as a people come up with forms of approaches to that that reduce

forms of approaches to that that reduce

forms of approaches to that that reduce those harms and that’s where we should

those harms and that’s where we should

those harms and that’s where we should go and prison is not in that list so you

go and prison is not in that list so you

go and prison is not in that list so you come to other realizations that for

come to other realizations that for

come to other realizations that for example you can arrest convict

example you can arrest convict

example you can arrest convict incarcerate a big-time drug user excuse

incarcerate a big-time drug user excuse

incarcerate a big-time drug user excuse me a big-time drug seller and that does

me a big-time drug seller and that does

me a big-time drug seller and that does not reduce the amount of drugs illegal

not reduce the amount of drugs illegal

not reduce the amount of drugs illegal drugs in your society yes maybe four six

drugs in your society yes maybe four six

drugs in your society yes maybe four six twelve fourteen hours but then other

twelve fourteen hours but then other

twelve fourteen hours but then other people see it as a employment

people see it as a employment

people see it as a employment opportunity and end up replacing that

opportunity and end up replacing that

opportunity and end up replacing that person and drugs are fully available you

person and drugs are fully available you

person and drugs are fully available you look at the system otherwise if you

look at the system otherwise if you

look at the system otherwise if you arrest and convict a serial rapist rape

arrest and convict a serial rapist rape

arrest and convict a serial rapist rape goes down in your community you arrest

goes down in your community you arrest

goes down in your community you arrest and convict a burglar car theft those

and convict a burglar car theft those

and convict a burglar car theft those offenses go down as well but it’s not

offenses go down as well but it’s not

offenses go down as well but it’s not true with drugs I was one time giving a

true with drugs I was one time giving a

true with drugs I was one time giving a talk in front of a pretty conservative

talk in front of a pretty conservative

talk in front of a pretty conservative group and there happened to be three

group and there happened to be three

group and there happened to be three prison wardens in the audience and I

prison wardens in the audience and I

prison wardens in the audience and I made the comment look folks we can’t

made the comment look folks we can’t

made the comment look folks we can’t even keep these drugs bad as they can be

even keep these drugs bad as they can be

even keep these drugs bad as they can be out of our prisons for heaven’s sake how

out of our prisons for heaven’s sake how

out of our prisons for heaven’s sake how do you expect to keep them off the

do you expect to keep them off the

do you expect to keep them off the streets of any of our town in cities

streets of any of our town in cities

streets of any of our town in cities that you can get as many drugs as you

that you can get as many drugs as you

that you can get as many drugs as you want in your prisons depending basically

want in your prisons depending basically

want in your prisons depending basically on price and one of the Gordon’s smiled

on price and one of the Gordon’s smiled

on price and one of the Gordon’s smiled and said well you can’t get all you want

and said well you can’t get all you want

and said well you can’t get all you want but okay so let’s come to that

but okay so let’s come to that

but okay so let’s come to that realization you then look at Governor

realization you then look at Governor

realization you then look at Governor Gary Johnson’s comment a friend of mine

Gary Johnson’s comment a friend of mine

Gary Johnson’s comment a friend of mine who said okay it’s clear that we have

who said okay it’s clear that we have

who said okay it’s clear that we have drug problems in our society but about

drug problems in our society but about

drug problems in our society but about ten of them are related to the

ten of them are related to the

ten of them are related to the itself again not minimizing them but 90%

itself again not minimizing them but 90%

itself again not minimizing them but 90% are drug prohibition problems drug money

are drug prohibition problems drug money

are drug prohibition problems drug money problems graphic example look at what’s

problems graphic example look at what’s

problems graphic example look at what’s going on in Mexico all of this violence

going on in Mexico all of this violence

going on in Mexico all of this violence crime beheadings has nothing to do with

crime beheadings has nothing to do with

crime beheadings has nothing to do with drugs whatsoever nothing it’s all drug

drugs whatsoever nothing it’s all drug

drugs whatsoever nothing it’s all drug money that causes those things and it’s

money that causes those things and it’s

money that causes those things and it’s our drug money that does it

our drug money that does it

our drug money that does it so let’s come to that reality look we

so let’s come to that reality look we

so let’s come to that reality look we cannot repeal the law of supply and

cannot repeal the law of supply and

cannot repeal the law of supply and demand and figuratively if you have

demand and figuratively if you have

demand and figuratively if you have somebody holding a 50 dollar bill out on

somebody holding a 50 dollar bill out on

somebody holding a 50 dollar bill out on the on a street corner saying give me

the on a street corner saying give me

the on a street corner saying give me $50 worth of marijuana somebody is going

$50 worth of marijuana somebody is going

$50 worth of marijuana somebody is going to meet that demand so we’re either

to meet that demand so we’re either

to meet that demand so we’re either going to have marijuana for example in

going to have marijuana for example in

going to have marijuana for example in our society regardless marijuana is the

our society regardless marijuana is the

our society regardless marijuana is the largest cash crop in the state of

largest cash crop in the state of

largest cash crop in the state of California today that implies to me that

California today that implies to me that

California today that implies to me that somebody’s using it so let’s recognize

somebody’s using it so let’s recognize

somebody’s using it so let’s recognize that by the way grapes is number two so

that by the way grapes is number two so

that by the way grapes is number two so if we have that is a major product let’s

if we have that is a major product let’s

if we have that is a major product let’s take away a whole lot of money from

take away a whole lot of money from

take away a whole lot of money from juvenile street gangs from Mexican drug

juvenile street gangs from Mexican drug

juvenile street gangs from Mexican drug cartels and other thugs and use it

cartels and other thugs and use it

cartels and other thugs and use it control it and use that money to pay our

control it and use that money to pay our

control it and use that money to pay our firefighters pay our teachers and fix

firefighters pay our teachers and fix

firefighters pay our teachers and fix our roads how can the difficult can this

our roads how can the difficult can this

our roads how can the difficult can this be so you get closer to the situation

be so you get closer to the situation

be so you get closer to the situation and you will understand the truth that

and you will understand the truth that

and you will understand the truth that the term Controlled Substances is the

the term Controlled Substances is the

the term Controlled Substances is the biggest oxymoron in our world today that

biggest oxymoron in our world today that

biggest oxymoron in our world today that means basically in a term that’s in

means basically in a term that’s in

means basically in a term that’s in internally inconsistent controlled

internally inconsistent controlled

internally inconsistent controlled substances no because as soon as you

substances no because as soon as you

substances no because as soon as you prohibit a substance you give up all of

prohibit a substance you give up all of

prohibit a substance you give up all of your controls to the bad guys you know

your controls to the bad guys you know

your controls to the bad guys you know anything dealing with quality control a

anything dealing with quality control a

anything dealing with quality control a huge issue demand advertising price age

huge issue demand advertising price age

huge issue demand advertising price age restrictions you all give those up to

restrictions you all give those up to

restrictions you all give those up to the Mexican drug cartels and the

the Mexican drug cartels and the

the Mexican drug cartels and the juvenile street gangs we couldn’t do it

juvenile street gangs we couldn’t do it

juvenile street gangs we couldn’t do it worse if we tried so these are things

worse if we tried so these are things

worse if we tried so these are things that we need to look at we need to allow

that we need to look at we need to allow

that we need to look at we need to allow ourselves to discuss this because we

ourselves to discuss this because we

ourselves to discuss this because we have a prohibition on discussion just

have a prohibition on discussion just

have a prohibition on discussion just because we discuss drug policy just

because we discuss drug policy just

because we discuss drug policy just because we discussed that we have

because we discussed that we have

because we discussed that we have options or even engage in those options

options or even engage in those options

options or even engage in those options does not mean we condone drug

does not mean we condone drug

does not mean we condone drug we just get that point across to our

we just get that point across to our

we just get that point across to our fellow citizens I guarantee you we will

fellow citizens I guarantee you we will

fellow citizens I guarantee you we will change away from drug policy from drug

change away from drug policy from drug

change away from drug policy from drug prohibition so I felt so strongly about

prohibition so I felt so strongly about

prohibition so I felt so strongly about this I became a judge in the end of 1983

this I became a judge in the end of 1983

this I became a judge in the end of 1983 and would see in my own courtroom we’re

and would see in my own courtroom we’re

and would see in my own courtroom we’re churning low-level drug offenders

churning low-level drug offenders

churning low-level drug offenders through the system for no good purpose

through the system for no good purpose

through the system for no good purpose whatsoever by the way many of them are

whatsoever by the way many of them are

whatsoever by the way many of them are mentally ill that are self-medicating in

mentally ill that are self-medicating in

mentally ill that are self-medicating in order to stave off the demons or

order to stave off the demons or

order to stave off the demons or whatever and we’re doing untold harm to

whatever and we’re doing untold harm to

whatever and we’re doing untold harm to these mentally fragile people by putting

these mentally fragile people by putting

these mentally fragile people by putting them in jail the United States of

them in jail the United States of

them in jail the United States of America leads the world in the

America leads the world in the

America leads the world in the incarceration of our people both by

incarceration of our people both by

incarceration of our people both by sheer numbers as well as per capita

sheer numbers as well as per capita

sheer numbers as well as per capita you’ll hear the statistic and it should

you’ll hear the statistic and it should

you’ll hear the statistic and it should really bother you as it bothers me we

really bother you as it bothers me we

really bother you as it bothers me we have 5% of the Nate of the world’s

have 5% of the Nate of the world’s

have 5% of the Nate of the world’s population and 25% of its prisoners

population and 25% of its prisoners

population and 25% of its prisoners we’re either the most preeminent lis

we’re either the most preeminent lis

we’re either the most preeminent lis oriented people in the world or we’re

oriented people in the world or we’re

oriented people in the world or we’re doing something wrong which do you think

doing something wrong which do you think

doing something wrong which do you think it is so I did something very unusual

it is so I did something very unusual

it is so I did something very unusual for a sitting trial court judge in

for a sitting trial court judge in

for a sitting trial court judge in Orange County California back in April

Orange County California back in April

Orange County California back in April of 1992 and I held a press conference

of 1992 and I held a press conference

of 1992 and I held a press conference very unusual thing to do and told anyone

very unusual thing to do and told anyone

very unusual thing to do and told anyone that would listen

that would listen

that would listen hey we’re not doing it right we could do

hey we’re not doing it right we could do

hey we’re not doing it right we could do it better drug prohibition isn’t working

it better drug prohibition isn’t working

it better drug prohibition isn’t working and since that time I’ve been speaking

and since that time I’ve been speaking

and since that time I’ve been speaking publicly as often as I can to people

publicly as often as I can to people

publicly as often as I can to people that would hear me and now when I talked

that would hear me and now when I talked

that would hear me and now when I talked to Rotary Clubs religious organizations

to Rotary Clubs religious organizations

to Rotary Clubs religious organizations chambers of commerce whatever I tell

chambers of commerce whatever I tell

chambers of commerce whatever I tell them the stark truth which is drug

them the stark truth which is drug

them the stark truth which is drug prohibition is the biggest failed policy

prohibition is the biggest failed policy

prohibition is the biggest failed policy in the history of the United States of

in the history of the United States of

in the history of the United States of America second only to slavery and if

America second only to slavery and if

America second only to slavery and if you’ll listen regardless of what your

you’ll listen regardless of what your

you’ll listen regardless of what your interests are I will tell you that

interests are I will tell you that

interests are I will tell you that regardless of what that is it can be

regardless of what that is it can be

regardless of what that is it can be with education or health care or

with education or health care or

with education or health care or criminal or or terrorism environment I

criminal or or terrorism environment I

criminal or or terrorism environment I will show you to your satisfaction how

will show you to your satisfaction how

will show you to your satisfaction how it is made worse because of our nation’s

it is made worse because of our nation’s

it is made worse because of our nation’s policy of drug prohibition we couldn’t

policy of drug prohibition we couldn’t

policy of drug prohibition we couldn’t do it worse if we tried so these are

do it worse if we tried so these are

do it worse if we tried so these are things that we’re facing most people

things that we’re facing most people

things that we’re facing most people realize that drug prohibition is not

realize that drug prohibition is not

realize that drug prohibition is not working and that word is getting out so

working and that word is getting out so

working and that word is getting out so why do we perpetuate this failed system

why do we perpetuate this failed system

why do we perpetuate this failed system and the answer they’re basically two

and the answer they’re basically two

and the answer they’re basically two answers and the first answer it comes in

answers and the first answer it comes in

answers and the first answer it comes in TOR

TOR

TOR and the answer is our children we want

and the answer is our children we want

and the answer is our children we want to protect our children so we will

to protect our children so we will

to protect our children so we will continue with this failed policy for all

continue with this failed policy for all

continue with this failed policy for all of its defects unquote because we want

of its defects unquote because we want

of its defects unquote because we want to keep our children away from a

to keep our children away from a

to keep our children away from a lifestyle of drug usage and drug selling

lifestyle of drug usage and drug selling

lifestyle of drug usage and drug selling but I’m here to tell you and I was in

but I’m here to tell you and I was in

but I’m here to tell you and I was in juvenile court you see this time and

juvenile court you see this time and

juvenile court you see this time and again that we are putting our children

again that we are putting our children

again that we are putting our children in harm’s way for two extremely

in harm’s way for two extremely

in harm’s way for two extremely important reasons and the first is don’t

important reasons and the first is don’t

important reasons and the first is don’t take my word for it ask the next ten

take my word for it ask the next ten

take my word for it ask the next ten teenagers you find what is easier for

teenagers you find what is easier for

teenagers you find what is easier for you to get if you want to marijuana or

you to get if you want to marijuana or

you to get if you want to marijuana or alcohol and every last one of them if

alcohol and every last one of them if

alcohol and every last one of them if they care would know where to go it

they care would know where to go it

they care would know where to go it would be easier for them to get

would be easier for them to get

would be easier for them to get marijuana or any other illicit substance

marijuana or any other illicit substance

marijuana or any other illicit substance then it would be alcohol why because

then it would be alcohol why because

then it would be alcohol why because drug dealers don’t ask for ID you know

drug dealers don’t ask for ID you know

drug dealers don’t ask for ID you know the least concern of an illegal drug

the least concern of an illegal drug

the least concern of an illegal drug dealer is age restrictions they don’t

dealer is age restrictions they don’t

dealer is age restrictions they don’t care somebody might say oh no one wants

care somebody might say oh no one wants

care somebody might say oh no one wants to get my 12 year old daughter hooked on

to get my 12 year old daughter hooked on

to get my 12 year old daughter hooked on cocaine and the answer is sure they do

cocaine and the answer is sure they do

cocaine and the answer is sure they do because they’ll make money on them a

because they’ll make money on them a

because they’ll make money on them a disgusting situation we couldn’t do it

disgusting situation we couldn’t do it

disgusting situation we couldn’t do it worse if we try it and number two

worse if we try it and number two

worse if we try it and number two putting our children in harm’s way is

putting our children in harm’s way is

putting our children in harm’s way is look most people understand oh I want to

look most people understand oh I want to

look most people understand oh I want to be in the NBA I want to be professional

be in the NBA I want to be professional

be in the NBA I want to be professional football in the NFL most of our kids

football in the NFL most of our kids

football in the NFL most of our kids understand that there really aren’t very

understand that there really aren’t very

understand that there really aren’t very many Michael Jordan’s coke Kobe Bryant

many Michael Jordan’s coke Kobe Bryant

many Michael Jordan’s coke Kobe Bryant so Stephon Curry’s so the odds of that

so Stephon Curry’s so the odds of that

so Stephon Curry’s so the odds of that are not good so we otherwise might as

are not good so we otherwise might as

are not good so we otherwise might as well take out billboards in the inner

well take out billboards in the inner

well take out billboards in the inner cities or anywhere else saying if you

cities or anywhere else saying if you

cities or anywhere else saying if you want to make some money the most money

want to make some money the most money

want to make some money the most money you can ever make is selling drugs

you can ever make is selling drugs

you can ever make is selling drugs Juvenal street gangs are using this as a

Juvenal street gangs are using this as a

Juvenal street gangs are using this as a recruiting tool hey you want to make

recruiting tool hey you want to make

recruiting tool hey you want to make some money join our gang and be part of

some money join our gang and be part of

some money join our gang and be part of the action

the action

the action not a good thing so let’s take the money

not a good thing so let’s take the money

not a good thing so let’s take the money away from those folks and on the macro

away from those folks and on the macro

away from those folks and on the macro level let’s look at Mexico like we said

level let’s look at Mexico like we said

level let’s look at Mexico like we said with all of the beheadings hey let’s

with all of the beheadings hey let’s

with all of the beheadings hey let’s look at something else drug prohibition

look at something else drug prohibition

look at something else drug prohibition is the Golden Goose of terrorism if our

is the Golden Goose of terrorism if our

is the Golden Goose of terrorism if our country really cared our government

country really cared our government

country really cared our government really cared about fighting terrorism

really cared about fighting terrorism

really cared about fighting terrorism understand that the largest source of

understand that the largest source of

understand that the largest source of funds for terrorist organizations around

funds for terrorist organizations around

funds for terrorist organizations around the world is drugs illegal drugs and if

the world is drugs illegal drugs and if

the world is drugs illegal drugs and if our government care

our government care

our government care puts tears in my eyes to say this but I

puts tears in my eyes to say this but I

puts tears in my eyes to say this but I believe it they would do the thing that

believe it they would do the thing that

believe it they would do the thing that would give the most results in fighting

would give the most results in fighting

would give the most results in fighting terrorism which is take away their money

terrorism which is take away their money

terrorism which is take away their money take away their funding and our

take away their funding and our

take away their funding and our government doesn’t even discuss that

government doesn’t even discuss that

government doesn’t even discuss that issue which is really a stupid result we

issue which is really a stupid result we

issue which is really a stupid result we must change away from this fail system

must change away from this fail system

must change away from this fail system but it’s not all doom and gloom I’m here

but it’s not all doom and gloom I’m here

but it’s not all doom and gloom I’m here to tell you that there are real options

to tell you that there are real options

to tell you that there are real options that we do have how many of you are

that we do have how many of you are

that we do have how many of you are aware for example of what has happened

aware for example of what has happened

aware for example of what has happened in Portugal since 2001 not very many and

in Portugal since 2001 not very many and

in Portugal since 2001 not very many and I fault the media for this there should

I fault the media for this there should

I fault the media for this there should be headlines in every newspaper saying

be headlines in every newspaper saying

be headlines in every newspaper saying hey we have hope there’s a better way

hey we have hope there’s a better way

hey we have hope there’s a better way Portugal in the year 2000 recognized

Portugal in the year 2000 recognized

Portugal in the year 2000 recognized that they had the largest drug problem

that they had the largest drug problem

that they had the largest drug problem of any country in the European Union so

of any country in the European Union so

of any country in the European Union so they did something really intelligent

they did something really intelligent

they did something really intelligent they actually put up a neutral

they actually put up a neutral

they actually put up a neutral Commission non-political Commission and

Commission non-political Commission and

Commission non-political Commission and tasked them to go out into the country

tasked them to go out into the country

tasked them to go out into the country figure out what our problems are and

figure out what our problems are and

figure out what our problems are and give us recommendations for what to do

give us recommendations for what to do

give us recommendations for what to do about it

about it

about it and the Commission took about nine

and the Commission took about nine

and the Commission took about nine twelve months and came back and said we

twelve months and came back and said we

twelve months and came back and said we have two problems in our country number

have two problems in our country number

have two problems in our country number one is if you are a problem drug user

one is if you are a problem drug user

one is if you are a problem drug user you’re afraid of your own government

you’re afraid of your own government

you’re afraid of your own government you’re not going to bring your problem

you’re not going to bring your problem

you’re not going to bring your problem to the government because they’ll punish

to the government because they’ll punish

to the government because they’ll punish you so they take it underground and

you so they take it underground and

you so they take it underground and number two is we’re spending so much

number two is we’re spending so much

number two is we’re spending so much money on the investigation prosecution

money on the investigation prosecution

money on the investigation prosecution and incarceration of nonviolent drug

and incarceration of nonviolent drug

and incarceration of nonviolent drug offenders we don’t have any money left

offenders we don’t have any money left

offenders we don’t have any money left for drug treatment so they did something

for drug treatment so they did something

for drug treatment so they did something really intelligent in Portugal in the

really intelligent in Portugal in the

really intelligent in Portugal in the year 2001 they decriminalized all drugs

year 2001 they decriminalized all drugs

year 2001 they decriminalized all drugs now let me to find some terms for a

now let me to find some terms for a

now let me to find some terms for a minute

minute

minute because I don’t want to legalize

because I don’t want to legalize

because I don’t want to legalize marijuana I don’t even know anybody that

marijuana I don’t even know anybody that

marijuana I don’t even know anybody that wants to legalize any of these drugs if

wants to legalize any of these drugs if

wants to legalize any of these drugs if you’re gonna think about legalization of

you’re gonna think about legalization of

you’re gonna think about legalization of drugs think aspirin you know your 12

drugs think aspirin you know your 12

drugs think aspirin you know your 12 year old daughter could go to any local

year old daughter could go to any local

year old daughter could go to any local pharmacy could buy generic could buy

pharmacy could buy generic could buy

pharmacy could buy generic could buy name brands could buy a case of this

name brands could buy a case of this

name brands could buy a case of this stuff it’s advertised by the free market

stuff it’s advertised by the free market

stuff it’s advertised by the free market no age restrictions no-one I know wants

no age restrictions no-one I know wants

no age restrictions no-one I know wants to do that what we want to do is have

to do that what we want to do is have

to do that what we want to do is have strict regulations and controls in

strict regulations and controls in

strict regulations and controls in effect like alcohol far different

effect like alcohol far different

effect like alcohol far different situation

situation

situation decriminalization means

decriminalization means

decriminalization means almost literally it is still illegal in

almost literally it is still illegal in

almost literally it is still illegal in Portugal or in Holland by the way to buy

Portugal or in Holland by the way to buy

Portugal or in Holland by the way to buy you sell possess any of these drugs but

you sell possess any of these drugs but

you sell possess any of these drugs but as long as you keep within very

as long as you keep within very

as long as you keep within very well-known general guidelines the police

well-known general guidelines the police

well-known general guidelines the police are instructed frequently in writing to

are instructed frequently in writing to

are instructed frequently in writing to look the other way and not and to leave

look the other way and not and to leave

look the other way and not and to leave these people alone now look I’m a judge

these people alone now look I’m a judge

these people alone now look I’m a judge I believe in having reasonable laws and

I believe in having reasonable laws and

I believe in having reasonable laws and I believe in enforcing those laws and to

I believe in enforcing those laws and to

I believe in enforcing those laws and to instruct your police not to follow the

instruct your police not to follow the

instruct your police not to follow the law conceptually causes me some problems

law conceptually causes me some problems

law conceptually causes me some problems nevertheless what happened in Portugal

nevertheless what happened in Portugal

nevertheless what happened in Portugal they decriminalized all drugs in 2001

they decriminalized all drugs in 2001

they decriminalized all drugs in 2001 and thereafter they had the Cato

and thereafter they had the Cato

and thereafter they had the Cato Institute about ten years after that

Institute about ten years after that

Institute about ten years after that took the information digested it and

took the information digested it and

took the information digested it and reported to the country and the world

reported to the country and the world

reported to the country and the world not in our newspapers much but to the

not in our newspapers much but to the

not in our newspapers much but to the world and they said you know drug use in

world and they said you know drug use in

world and they said you know drug use in Portugal pretty much remains the same

Portugal pretty much remains the same

Portugal pretty much remains the same which gives the lie to pretty much every

which gives the lie to pretty much every

which gives the lie to pretty much every drug czar we’ve ever had in our country

drug czar we’ve ever had in our country

drug czar we’ve ever had in our country who says oh we were to have a different

who says oh we were to have a different

who says oh we were to have a different option we’ve become a nation of drug

option we’ve become a nation of drug

option we’ve become a nation of drug Sambas or something like that not only

Sambas or something like that not only

Sambas or something like that not only is that silly I think it’s insulting but

is that silly I think it’s insulting but

is that silly I think it’s insulting but I wouldn’t you could give away cocaine

I wouldn’t you could give away cocaine

I wouldn’t you could give away cocaine on the street corner I’m not gonna Jam

on the street corner I’m not gonna Jam

on the street corner I’m not gonna Jam cocaine up my nose and I don’t think

cocaine up my nose and I don’t think

cocaine up my nose and I don’t think most other people aren’t either but that

most other people aren’t either but that

most other people aren’t either but that happened in Portugal drug usage pretty

happened in Portugal drug usage pretty

happened in Portugal drug usage pretty much remained the same but problem drug

much remained the same but problem drug

much remained the same but problem drug usage went down by 50% by half why

usage went down by 50% by half why

usage went down by 50% by half why because now if a police officer someone

because now if a police officer someone

because now if a police officer someone encounters somebody that’s under the

encounters somebody that’s under the

encounters somebody that’s under the influence these various drugs or is

influence these various drugs or is

influence these various drugs or is injecting or whatever yes they’re given

injecting or whatever yes they’re given

injecting or whatever yes they’re given a citation but not to come to judges

a citation but not to come to judges

a citation but not to come to judges like me but to go to medical

like me but to go to medical

like me but to go to medical professionals that can help them they’ll

professionals that can help them they’ll

professionals that can help them they’ll come in hey Charlie what are you using

come in hey Charlie what are you using

come in hey Charlie what are you using what your lifestyle what can we do to

what your lifestyle what can we do to

what your lifestyle what can we do to help you help you get a job help you

help you help you get a job help you

help you help you get a job help you have medical issues etc problem drug

have medical issues etc problem drug

have medical issues etc problem drug usage has gone down by 50% same thing

usage has gone down by 50% same thing

usage has gone down by 50% same thing basically in Holland who decriminalized

basically in Holland who decriminalized

basically in Holland who decriminalized all of these drugs basically back in the

all of these drugs basically back in the

all of these drugs basically back in the 1970s the Minister of Health held a

1970s the Minister of Health held a

1970s the Minister of Health held a press conference in Holland numbers of

press conference in Holland numbers of

press conference in Holland numbers of years ago and said we only have half the

years ago and said we only have half the

years ago and said we only have half the marijuana consumption in our country per

marijuana consumption in our country per

marijuana consumption in our country per capita as you do in the United States

capita as you do in the United States

capita as you do in the United States listen to this both for adults and for

listen to this both for adults and for

listen to this both for adults and for teenagers why he went on to say ah we

teenagers why he went on to say ah we

teenagers why he went on to say ah we have succeeded in making pot boring

have succeeded in making pot boring

have succeeded in making pot boring that’s a

that’s a

that’s a good thing we glamorize it by making it

good thing we glamorize it by making it

good thing we glamorize it by making it illegal by having an obscene profit

illegal by having an obscene profit

illegal by having an obscene profit motive to get you and other people

motive to get you and other people

motive to get you and other people hooked on it

hooked on it

hooked on it look people could sell alcohol and their

look people could sell alcohol and their

look people could sell alcohol and their high school campuses they could sell gen

high school campuses they could sell gen

high school campuses they could sell gen beam before all that matters they don’t

beam before all that matters they don’t

beam before all that matters they don’t they could why not

they could why not

they could why not because there’s no money in it let’s

because there’s no money in it let’s

because there’s no money in it let’s make the same thing with regard to these

make the same thing with regard to these

make the same thing with regard to these other drugs as well we have hope

other drugs as well we have hope

other drugs as well we have hope there are ways Switzerland I don’t know

there are ways Switzerland I don’t know

there are ways Switzerland I don’t know how many of you are familiar with what’s

how many of you are familiar with what’s

how many of you are familiar with what’s happened in Switzerland since the late

happened in Switzerland since the late

happened in Switzerland since the late 1990s they put in clinics in various

1990s they put in clinics in various

1990s they put in clinics in various heroin using cities and towns in

heroin using cities and towns in

heroin using cities and towns in Switzerland clinics made up of social

Switzerland clinics made up of social

Switzerland clinics made up of social workers medical doctors registered

workers medical doctors registered

workers medical doctors registered nurses they would bring these people in

nurses they would bring these people in

nurses they would bring these people in to the clinic and then what would they

to the clinic and then what would they

to the clinic and then what would they do pretty much the same thing you or I

do pretty much the same thing you or I

do pretty much the same thing you or I would do they try to help them get drug

would do they try to help them get drug

would do they try to help them get drug treatment get off their heroin but if

treatment get off their heroin but if

treatment get off their heroin but if they didn’t want to they say look as

they didn’t want to they say look as

they didn’t want to they say look as long as you satisfy three criteria we

long as you satisfy three criteria we

long as you satisfy three criteria we have a program for you the criteria are

have a program for you the criteria are

have a program for you the criteria are you’re at least 22 years of age and a

you’re at least 22 years of age and a

you’re at least 22 years of age and a failed traditional drug treatment at

failed traditional drug treatment at

failed traditional drug treatment at least twice that you are addicted to

least twice that you are addicted to

least twice that you are addicted to heroin not that hard to prove and number

heroin not that hard to prove and number

heroin not that hard to prove and number three that you’ll remain crime free in

three that you’ll remain crime free in

three that you’ll remain crime free in the future if you do that you’re on the

the future if you do that you’re on the

the future if you do that you’re on the program what did that mean they are

program what did that mean they are

program what did that mean they are given a prescription for heroin they can

given a prescription for heroin they can

given a prescription for heroin they can have it filled at pharmaceutical prices

have it filled at pharmaceutical prices

have it filled at pharmaceutical prices and then they can inject their heroin

and then they can inject their heroin

and then they can inject their heroin under medically controlled circumstances

under medically controlled circumstances

under medically controlled circumstances at the clinic now stop for a minute none

at the clinic now stop for a minute none

at the clinic now stop for a minute none of these drugs we’re talking about is

of these drugs we’re talking about is

of these drugs we’re talking about is expensive the only reason they’re

expensive the only reason they’re

expensive the only reason they’re expensive is because they’re illegal you

expensive is because they’re illegal you

expensive is because they’re illegal you know marijuana is not called a weed for

know marijuana is not called a weed for

know marijuana is not called a weed for nothing it’ll grow anywhere and heroines

nothing it’ll grow anywhere and heroines

nothing it’ll grow anywhere and heroines the opium poppy by the way for years the

the opium poppy by the way for years the

the opium poppy by the way for years the National Park Service was growing it in

National Park Service was growing it in

National Park Service was growing it in Monticello until the DEA found out about

Monticello until the DEA found out about

Monticello until the DEA found out about it it’s a beautiful flower

it it’s a beautiful flower

it it’s a beautiful flower DEA made them take it out but I assure

DEA made them take it out but I assure

DEA made them take it out but I assure you if it’ll grow in Virginia it will

you if it’ll grow in Virginia it will

you if it’ll grow in Virginia it will grow anywhere so the only reason these

grow anywhere so the only reason these

grow anywhere so the only reason these things are expensive is because they’re

things are expensive is because they’re

things are expensive is because they’re illegal so if you’re gonna get a

illegal so if you’re gonna get a

illegal so if you’re gonna get a prescription for a maximum amount of

prescription for a maximum amount of

prescription for a maximum amount of about ten dollars a day under

about ten dollars a day under

about ten dollars a day under pharmaceutical controlled prices you can

pharmaceutical controlled prices you can

pharmaceutical controlled prices you can afford that drug number two this is not

afford that drug number two this is not

afford that drug number two this is not an orgy so-called

an orgy so-called

an orgy so-called of heroin usage because remember there’s

of heroin usage because remember there’s

of heroin usage because remember there’s a medical doctor on this team and the

a medical doctor on this team and the

a medical doctor on this team and the medical doctor will give you a blood

medical doctor will give you a blood

medical doctor will give you a blood test and figure out the strength of your

test and figure out the strength of your

test and figure out the strength of your fiction and then will prescribe you

fiction and then will prescribe you

fiction and then will prescribe you enough heroin to maintain you at that

enough heroin to maintain you at that

enough heroin to maintain you at that level not enough to give you that

level not enough to give you that

level not enough to give you that euphoria or whatever it is not enough

euphoria or whatever it is not enough

euphoria or whatever it is not enough too much to go through a withdrawal but

too much to go through a withdrawal but

too much to go through a withdrawal but will maintain you at your current level

will maintain you at your current level

will maintain you at your current level hence by the way the program is called a

hence by the way the program is called a

hence by the way the program is called a heroin maintenance program back to the

heroin maintenance program back to the

heroin maintenance program back to the story soon they found out that of course

story soon they found out that of course

story soon they found out that of course no one there had overdosed

no one there had overdosed

no one there had overdosed because overdosing is a quality control

because overdosing is a quality control

because overdosing is a quality control problem it’s unknown strength it’s

problem it’s unknown strength it’s

problem it’s unknown strength it’s unknown purity on the streets you can

unknown purity on the streets you can

unknown purity on the streets you can use the same amount of heroin today that

use the same amount of heroin today that

use the same amount of heroin today that you used yesterday unbeknownst to you

you used yesterday unbeknownst to you

you used yesterday unbeknownst to you it’s three times stronger you use it and

it’s three times stronger you use it and

it’s three times stronger you use it and you die that’s a drug drug prohibition

you die that’s a drug drug prohibition

you die that’s a drug drug prohibition problem nobody’s overdosed in

problem nobody’s overdosed in

problem nobody’s overdosed in Switzerland nobody’s gotten AIDS

Switzerland nobody’s gotten AIDS

Switzerland nobody’s gotten AIDS nobody has caused gotten any of these

nobody has caused gotten any of these

nobody has caused gotten any of these other blood-borne diseases employment

other blood-borne diseases employment

other blood-borne diseases employment has gone up by 50%

has gone up by 50%

has gone up by 50% they’re basically able to get off the

they’re basically able to get off the

they’re basically able to get off the dole treat their families like they like

dole treat their families like they like

dole treat their families like they like they want to these things work and by

they want to these things work and by

they want to these things work and by the way this is also very consistent

the way this is also very consistent

the way this is also very consistent with my libertarian philosophy that you

with my libertarian philosophy that you

with my libertarian philosophy that you all know who Robert Downey jr. is the

all know who Robert Downey jr. is the

all know who Robert Downey jr. is the very successful actor but it’s pretty

very successful actor but it’s pretty

very successful actor but it’s pretty much had a life of a very long heroin

much had a life of a very long heroin

much had a life of a very long heroin problem and I’m proud of him he’s making

problem and I’m proud of him he’s making

problem and I’m proud of him he’s making good movies but he should be careful he

good movies but he should be careful he

good movies but he should be careful he will always have that craving but it

will always have that craving but it

will always have that craving but it makes as much sense to me to put this

makes as much sense to me to put this

makes as much sense to me to put this gifted actor Robert Downey jr. in jail

gifted actor Robert Downey jr. in jail

gifted actor Robert Downey jr. in jail for his heroin problem as it would have

for his heroin problem as it would have

for his heroin problem as it would have Betty Ford in jail for her alcohol

Betty Ford in jail for her alcohol

Betty Ford in jail for her alcohol problem and as you all know Betty Ford

problem and as you all know Betty Ford

problem and as you all know Betty Ford was the wife of President Gerald Ford

was the wife of President Gerald Ford

was the wife of President Gerald Ford and of what Anna self acknowledged

and of what Anna self acknowledged

and of what Anna self acknowledged alcoholic so it’s a medical issue you

alcoholic so it’s a medical issue you

alcoholic so it’s a medical issue you want to bring them closer to medical

want to bring them closer to medical

want to bring them closer to medical professionals that can help them instead

professionals that can help them instead

professionals that can help them instead of rendering them automatic criminals

of rendering them automatic criminals

of rendering them automatic criminals and pushing them farther away but if

and pushing them farther away but if

and pushing them farther away but if Robert Downey jr. Betty Ford you or I

Robert Downey jr. Betty Ford you or I

Robert Downey jr. Betty Ford you or I drive a motor vehicle impaired by you

drive a motor vehicle impaired by you

drive a motor vehicle impaired by you name it methamphetamines alcohol which

name it methamphetamines alcohol which

name it methamphetamines alcohol which is my drug of choice marijuana heroin

is my drug of choice marijuana heroin

is my drug of choice marijuana heroin whatever that’s a crime what’s the

whatever that’s a crime what’s the

whatever that’s a crime what’s the difference

difference

difference hear ye hear ye I love that statement

hear ye hear ye I love that statement

hear ye hear ye I love that statement hear ye hear ye

hear ye hear ye

hear ye hear ye the criminal justice system is designed

the criminal justice system is designed

the criminal justice system is designed for and quite good at holding people

for and quite good at holding people

for and quite good at holding people accountable for their actions protecting

accountable for their actions protecting

accountable for their actions protecting us from each other

us from each other

us from each other so if you drive a motor vehicle impaired

so if you drive a motor vehicle impaired

so if you drive a motor vehicle impaired by any of these you’re putting our

by any of these you’re putting our

by any of these you’re putting our safety at risk legitimate criminal

safety at risk legitimate criminal

safety at risk legitimate criminal justice issue but if all you’re doing is

justice issue but if all you’re doing is

justice issue but if all you’re doing is harming yourself the criminal justice

harming yourself the criminal justice

harming yourself the criminal justice system is not designed to protect us

system is not designed to protect us

system is not designed to protect us from ourselves and that makes perfect

from ourselves and that makes perfect

from ourselves and that makes perfect sense philosophically because as far as

sense philosophically because as far as

sense philosophically because as far as I’m concerned the government has as much

I’m concerned the government has as much

I’m concerned the government has as much right to control me as an adult as to

right to control me as an adult as to

right to control me as an adult as to what I put into my body as the does

what I put into my body as the does

what I put into my body as the does whatever I put into my mind it’s none of

whatever I put into my mind it’s none of

whatever I put into my mind it’s none of their business

their business

their business so these are things you look at it any

so these are things you look at it any

so these are things you look at it any of us were over 21 could go home tonight

of us were over 21 could go home tonight

of us were over 21 could go home tonight and drink 10 martinis if we wanted to

and drink 10 martinis if we wanted to

and drink 10 martinis if we wanted to certainly not a smart thing to do

certainly not a smart thing to do

certainly not a smart thing to do certainly not a medically healthy thing

certainly not a medically healthy thing

certainly not a medically healthy thing to do but it’s not a violation of law

to do but it’s not a violation of law

to do but it’s not a violation of law and you look further into this entire

and you look further into this entire

and you look further into this entire area the most successful program that we

area the most successful program that we

area the most successful program that we have had with regard to any form of

have had with regard to any form of

have had with regard to any form of mind-altering sometimes addicting

mind-altering sometimes addicting

mind-altering sometimes addicting substances it’s what we’ve done in the

substances it’s what we’ve done in the

substances it’s what we’ve done in the last 10 or 20 years with regard to

last 10 or 20 years with regard to

last 10 or 20 years with regard to cigarettes you know we can look at that

cigarettes you know we can look at that

cigarettes you know we can look at that and see that we have reduced consumption

and see that we have reduced consumption

and see that we have reduced consumption of cigarettes not by making it illegal

of cigarettes not by making it illegal

of cigarettes not by making it illegal and it just bring Al Capone and Mexican

and it just bring Al Capone and Mexican

and it just bring Al Capone and Mexican drug cartels into the cigarette

drug cartels into the cigarette

drug cartels into the cigarette distribution business but by putting out

distribution business but by putting out

distribution business but by putting out honest information in the marketplace

honest information in the marketplace

honest information in the marketplace for people honest medical information

for people honest medical information

for people honest medical information social mores regulations

social mores regulations

social mores regulations you can’t smoke cigarettes in this

you can’t smoke cigarettes in this

you can’t smoke cigarettes in this building hooray for that and that’s why

building hooray for that and that’s why

building hooray for that and that’s why we need to go and I look back into my

we need to go and I look back into my

we need to go and I look back into my experience and and I can tell you a

experience and and I can tell you a

experience and and I can tell you a couple of things there’s one time in

couple of things there’s one time in

couple of things there’s one time in which I was sentencing to young men at

which I was sentencing to young men at

which I was sentencing to young men at various times for being under the

various times for being under the

various times for being under the influence of methamphetamines and in

influence of methamphetamines and in

influence of methamphetamines and in California and pretty much all

California and pretty much all

California and pretty much all jurisdictions before you’re going to

jurisdictions before you’re going to

jurisdictions before you’re going to plead guilty you have to put give us a

plead guilty you have to put give us a

plead guilty you have to put give us a factual basis which means basically you

factual basis which means basically you

factual basis which means basically you put into your own words why you’re

put into your own words why you’re

put into your own words why you’re guilty of the offense and I heard from

guilty of the offense and I heard from

guilty of the offense and I heard from them your honor pretty much the same

them your honor pretty much the same

them your honor pretty much the same story my drug of choice was marijuana

story my drug of choice was marijuana

story my drug of choice was marijuana and for years I would buy my marijuana

and for years I would buy my marijuana

and for years I would buy my marijuana from the same supplier but one fine day

from the same supplier but one fine day

from the same supplier but one fine day unbeknownst to me he sold me some

unbeknownst to me he sold me some

unbeknownst to me he sold me some marijuana laced with methamphetamines I

marijuana laced with methamphetamines I

marijuana laced with methamphetamines I ended up getting myself addicted and I

ended up getting myself addicted and I

ended up getting myself addicted and I seemed thinking to myself wait a minute

seemed thinking to myself wait a minute

seemed thinking to myself wait a minute you know we all know smoking cigarettes

you know we all know smoking cigarettes

you know we all know smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health but at least

is harmful to your health but at least

is harmful to your health but at least if you go to your local mini-mart and

if you go to your local mini-mart and

if you go to your local mini-mart and buy a pack of Marlboros you’re going to

buy a pack of Marlboros you’re going to

buy a pack of Marlboros you’re going to know it’s not laced with

know it’s not laced with

know it’s not laced with methamphetamines those are drug

methamphetamines those are drug

methamphetamines those are drug prohibition problems so let’s all get

prohibition problems so let’s all get

prohibition problems so let’s all get together

together

together I make you a guaranteed as soon as we

I make you a guaranteed as soon as we

I make you a guaranteed as soon as we come to our senses and repeal drug

come to our senses and repeal drug

come to our senses and repeal drug prohibition all of us within a year

prohibition all of us within a year

prohibition all of us within a year maybe two will join hands look back the

maybe two will join hands look back the

maybe two will join hands look back the aghast and we could have perpetuated

aghast and we could have perpetuated

aghast and we could have perpetuated such a failed system for so long that is

such a failed system for so long that is

such a failed system for so long that is a guarantee it’s for the sake of our

a guarantee it’s for the sake of our

a guarantee it’s for the sake of our children it’s for the sake of our

children it’s for the sake of our

children it’s for the sake of our country it’s really for the sake of the

country it’s really for the sake of the

country it’s really for the sake of the world

world

world so that is my view from my judges

so that is my view from my judges

so that is my view from my judges perspective use your own insights and

perspective use your own insights and

perspective use your own insights and I’m sure you will come to the same

I’m sure you will come to the same

I’m sure you will come to the same conclusion thank you

conclusion thank you

conclusion thank you [Applause]

”

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