[Music]
O
I wanted to invite you to make a
reflection
how do you produce all the
things we consume and use
our day here if you look here
around you
probably everything that is proposed
here it was done in a large factory
a large industry a large machine
that on the one hand with kospi thousands of
objects and on the other she spits
thousands of tonnes of tailings
people are not sure what to do with
they then a
Can not you do it differently like
individual
What could we do to change the
the way that large industries can
to manufacture their projects 1 on account
from my position of initiation in the
movement maker for 15 years I learned
that we can do a lot
I wanted to share with you these
ideas starting by telling a story
in 1994
I read the books a guy named eric
drexler who is a scientist and mate
one of nanotechnology parents freaked
wrote in one of these books he did
predictions and incredible scenarios about
how would the future of humanity
the development of nanotechnology
of the things that made me the most
was the description he made of how the
things will be produced in the future
it describes a large
industry where the entire production area
fit into a space a little larger than
a living room
and in this living room there was a large
swimming pool interconnected various tanks
in these ponds they had all the material
needed to build anything
was a structural or carbon fiber
pre-assembled engines a few moments
after a few hours after the
command given on the computer to start
to magically power these
ready finished swimming pools
ready for use
application was extremely clean and
waste
first I had to read a few times to
try to understand how it worked
because it did not fit in my head
products that came out of a pool after
I thought beauty science fiction but
pro trétis have this is possible due to
sun but not machines he called
molecules in blitz
these very small machines imagine
that there were such
very small machines of the size of
a bacteria existed millions and millions
this line within
these machines had the ability to
auto replicate and in addition it followed
instructions for positioning precisely
atom per molecule
of that object being
built until we have the object
Last
this is only possible because
all the information necessary to
construct this object was embedded in the
own material
thinking like this is a little difficult to
to understand but there is one thing
world knows
or everyone knows and has a principle
very similar operation
one of these toy blocks is
built-in all necessary information
to build anything or
their shape the number of fittings or even
your color
all this makes me able to ride and
disassemble this toy indefinitely
and that’s why the information is
embedded in material
the most current version of the drexler idea
is to bring what happened in this pool
by a machine the size of a micro
but it followed the same principle
to stick to atom for atom molecule for
molecule and so on until
construct a physical object and scale
macrometric
Good to shorten this story to
finish this story
Exactly 20 years after reading the
drexler
I printed this here, it does not make a miracle.
using a 3d printer
It was a moment when I saw an object
that I had modeled on the
computer
leaving a visit to the mind of a pool of
a resin tank that I thought the
future had actually arrived in a
type of printout is not exactly the
even though they happened in the texas pool
but the point is that we are in the
way I wanted to explain why there is
five years ago to the economist
published a story that says that people
is going through the third revolution
industrial use of the
production and this is only possible because
the spread of growth
exponential of digital technologies
but what’s new in this third
industrial revolution what it has to
Most important, I wanted to go with
the last 200 years
of industrial revolutions and five
minutes come on the first revolution
industry at the turn of the 18th century to
19 man managed to mechanize the work
with the steam engines
besides the enormous impact this had on
positive humanity and also brought
other negative impacts I wanted
two of them from urbanization
uncontrolled pollution in some
places of england was impossible
see the sun due to the amount of
smoke coming out of the chimneys
continuing our history at the end of the
19th century henry ford ii visited one
slaughterhouse a dismantling line and
had the idea of reversing the process and
with this he simply inaugurated the
the second industrial revolution of the
assembly and production in series
we continued with the same
problems of the first revolution
industrial but others have appeared
we can say that there was born the
alienation worker who spent hours
and hours in huge shifts of work
doing repetitive tasks for the sake of
increase
but the fact is that the production in series
has become a new paradigm and millions
millions of model cars have gone out
more precisely about 15 million
detroit will leave to the world a good
these cars all now needed to find
the buyers and there is another
by-product of the second revolution
industry that I particularly think
which is as harmful as the most harmful than
pollution that propaganda
there arises the professionalization of
advertising and marketing that I lost
innocence of simply describing the
qualities of your products to pass
to have as main objective to create
I wish where there is no need
coincidentally, we’ve just
go through black friday yesterday and see
those people are jostling
to buy products that you do not need
there is a discount that does not exist
say that we’re still fine
influenced by marketing even more
a hundred years later, finally,
summary at the end of the 20th century we
succeeded in optimizing serial production
in a way that was unimaginable for the
kingdom is strong but despite the apparent
modernity of this image full of robots
what really changed in the renaissance in the
industry in the last 100 years
we took the pollution of inequality
accelerated urban development and
uncontrolled alienation packaged his
externality, which is a good externality
basically the difference between the price
that the market itself pays for a
product and its real social cost does not
make it easier for people to understand
could exchange that cool chart for
this image here at a certain age is
the term that was invented to say
where is the cost of having a
place like this of the thousands of people
who live there in the middle of the trash has a
another example still wanted to leave more
clear to you you think a
thing that spends all this energy and
of material to be produced may have
this price
or who is paying this difference
cost
who is paying is the planet is mean
corny to say this but it is true that is
paying the bill is the planet
only his wallet is half empty and
This account that does not date is coming back
for all of us
The most obvious motive The most obvious example
are the climate changes that people
is going through heating
global
By then you must be wondering
with more this 3d impression the lecture
who is talking about other things here
global warming catastrophe itself
even though I wanted to get to that
Here we go with you guys.
to be able to understand the panorama and
think together what we can do
better with the new technologies of
building said we already have
available the third revolution
industrial
is the one that brings the
production, that is to say, it is a
real paradigm shift
we go from mass production to
the mass customization what this
means that we will remember that for
make a product in series
I usually need machines
big and expensive on one side and
who work is doing the
same task repeatedly usually
based on molds are these molds
machines are usually very expensive.
that it has and that it has two implications
the first one you lose a lot
money for industrial and have access to
this means that the second production
you need to produce thousands and
thousands of equal parts of any
thing you do with that the cost of
acquisition is minimally reasonable in the
digital manufacturing this does not happen
because working with information and not
more with the physical mold
the machine can make different objects
and this is the big balcony 3d printing
It’s nothing more than a
technologies that already exist in the
industry more than 50 years
What happens here because of the
miniaturization of the cheapening of
technologies have become more
accessible to the general public gives a
example a cnc milling machine that in 1959
occupied an entire floor in Haiti
it cost a few million dollars
today can be operated by any
person
I’m in the garage of his home a
3d printer for example, whatever
make without cups equal or without horns
different or without different objects
because it does not work with the mold
works with information the only thing
What matters to these machines is the time
spent on the material work she
use i can make a first impression
make for example three different vessels
a second impression I can make a
fully functional hand prosthesis
flexible this flexibility
these machines is common to all
digital manufacturing machines
they have a workflow
similar that I’ll explain here to
how do you work with an example of
Our lamp here is the first thing
What I did was model this object in a
modeling computer program
three-dimensional
there you think good architects know how to move
these programs and I do not know how to
I know how I can make it there
but it’s not quite like that nowadays it has a
series of modeling programs
three-dimensional some very easy some
even aimed at children are
available at very low cost up to
free
So you can learn to
work even if you do not want you
can access one of the online platforms
available where there are
people simply do their projects
and make the products ready
download is just you download and
building going back to our time the
our product I get these object
that I drew in the cat that is the drawing
computer-aided and puts a
other software that is the corner
computer aided manufacturing
At that moment I ‘m going to tell the computer.
all manufacturing information
I need to put it then
for example I told him what the
wood that is using the thickness
that way any to the fresno
cutting tool I’m going to use
any cutting speed depending on the
wood working that finally am
literally programming my
manufacturing
at this point in the program reminds
history of the ego and the world
they english drexler is something like
but we’re still talking about scale
macroscopic from that point onwards.
kanji was a digital file called g
code that is nothing more than a series of
instructions that will tell the machine
when to move where and at what speed
after all this process
I’ll just send this to the
machine and it will simply run
this code so that at the end
this process I’m going to have or a product
ready for example in the case of a
3d printing or in case we
has a series of ready-made parts that
I can just ride it seems
banal but the impact of it all is enormous
imagine that a person on the other side of the
planet wanted to light up like this.
in traditional manufacturing I have to
do it from here locally and send it
this is for the other side of the world
physically imagine this cost sometimes
is higher than the production cost of the
piece out the environmental cost of
that’s it
from here to the other side of the planet as
people are talking about a digital file
of digital manufacturing I simply
send a file over there in china
this file will have a make space
plant your own lamp or
prefer outsource this a service
outsourced cutting for example
this is possible because of the
of these digital manufacturing spaces to
People talk only about a network of fab labs.
there are more than 1,200 around the
world and here in Brazil are more than 46
thousand species or fab labs are spaces
where people can have access to these
digital manufacturing tools from a
easy and quick way and with this take
your own ideas of paper
although these machines are all
wonderful the impact the aspect that I
I would like to stress the third
revolution is the impact of this
do not consume to know or know how
things are done gives you a power
impressive
This does not mean that now we’re going
start to manufacture everything that people
consumes uses but has this
knowledge makes it possible for us to
at
better choose what we
consumes
I jest that they have this knowledge not
makes you no longer buy absolutely
nothing by impulse
It’s my joke that this is a
kind of curse maker
when I need to buy something
The first thing I do is think about
I could not do what I can not
do I think if it’s worth the money
they are asking me and in the meantime
I end up neither doing nor buying what
It means it’s good I did not need
even there
The planet appreciates my non
There’s nothing that forces people to buy
one thing we do not need what
causes some evil on the planet
nothing if we stop buying what the
people do not need businesses will not
simply disappeared disappear
they will find new and better ways
to make their products and please their
that this is the role of companies
so it is important to ask where
is it that my clothes come to me the food that I
how and where do the furniture come from
home
are they produced in a way
where there is a series of
internalize the dis also embedded
I am sure that the
consumerism is a delayed word is a
reality that we are going to
be ashamed of it
very soon as it was with the
slavery we have not yet reached
point imagined by stretches where
all cleaner and on-demand production
but while that is not enough it’s a
a matter of little time
It’s important for us to be able to participate
process of democratization of the
information or democratization of production
so that we can participate more
actively and conquer the most important
essential that we need to live
in this troubled world today this good
it is not a material good
and if it is good conscience brings
manufacturing and mounting this object here
I wanted to show you how easy it is.
and be able to actively participate in this
process of manufacturing things and with
to participate more actively and
conscious
I hope I brought some light to
you in my desire is that we can
together
to change the world in which we live
using these technologies
thank you
[Applause]
”
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