so you all know the feeling if you are sitting in an airplane
sitting in an airplane
sitting in an airplane somebody is needing in your back and you
somebody is needing in your back and you
somebody is needing in your back and you feel awkward all these germs and all
feel awkward all these germs and all
feel awkward all these germs and all these viruses in your back you think is
these viruses in your back you think is
these viruses in your back you think is it just a cold or is it a flu is it
it just a cold or is it a flu is it
it just a cold or is it a flu is it perhaps something more serious is it
perhaps something more serious is it
perhaps something more serious is it Ebola or SARS we all feel awkward if you
Ebola or SARS we all feel awkward if you
Ebola or SARS we all feel awkward if you see that you hear that sneezing
see that you hear that sneezing
see that you hear that sneezing distributed by a vert condition it’s a
distributed by a vert condition it’s a
distributed by a vert condition it’s a strange feeling and we think don’t we
strange feeling and we think don’t we
strange feeling and we think don’t we have drugs to cure these diseases and to
have drugs to cure these diseases and to
have drugs to cure these diseases and to keep us safe yeah we have a lot of drugs
keep us safe yeah we have a lot of drugs
keep us safe yeah we have a lot of drugs around
around
around we have chemists we have scientists
we have chemists we have scientists
we have chemists we have scientists producing everyday a lot and thousands
producing everyday a lot and thousands
producing everyday a lot and thousands and millions of drugs but they don’t
and millions of drugs but they don’t
and millions of drugs but they don’t come to the market why is that so most
come to the market why is that so most
come to the market why is that so most of our drugs which are produced they
of our drugs which are produced they
of our drugs which are produced they take a long time to come to the market
take a long time to come to the market
take a long time to come to the market and what they actually do is they need
and what they actually do is they need
and what they actually do is they need to go through a lot of different
to go through a lot of different
to go through a lot of different experiments such as animal testings and
experiments such as animal testings and
experiments such as animal testings and we have three million animal tests since
we have three million animal tests since
we have three million animal tests since a year but only 46 medications can come
a year but only 46 medications can come
a year but only 46 medications can come out to the market every year and this
out to the market every year and this
out to the market every year and this shows you that we don’t have the
shows you that we don’t have the
shows you that we don’t have the medications for all the diseases for all
medications for all the diseases for all
medications for all the diseases for all the to cure all the diseases and
the to cure all the diseases and
the to cure all the diseases and defectors diseases we have around
defectors diseases we have around
defectors diseases we have around nowadays why is that so we also have no
nowadays why is that so we also have no
nowadays why is that so we also have no experiments that make the drugs safe for
experiments that make the drugs safe for
experiments that make the drugs safe for our children our children’s are them the
our children our children’s are them the
our children our children’s are them the the in fact they have to be test persons
the in fact they have to be test persons
the in fact they have to be test persons for all the medications because the
for all the medications because the
for all the medications because the medications they get this is the
medications they get this is the
medications they get this is the medication what we take but we don’t
medication what we take but we don’t
medication what we take but we don’t know whether they can take it so most of
know whether they can take it so most of
know whether they can take it so most of the medications that come to the market
the medications that come to the market
the medications that come to the market undergo a lot of different experiments
undergo a lot of different experiments
undergo a lot of different experiments and most of these experiments are done
and most of these experiments are done
and most of these experiments are done in animals and the results from the
in animals and the results from the
in animals and the results from the animal testings are not always
animal testings are not always
animal testings are not always transferable to the humans so in the
transferable to the humans so in the
transferable to the humans so in the clinical studies with the humans many of
clinical studies with the humans many of
clinical studies with the humans many of the patients suffer severe side effects
the patients suffer severe side effects
the patients suffer severe side effects all the drug is not even effect
all the drug is not even effect
all the drug is not even effect efficient so how is the drug basically
efficient so how is the drug basically
efficient so how is the drug basically designed so we start to bring one
designed so we start to bring one
designed so we start to bring one medication to the market we start out
medication to the market we start out
medication to the market we start out with ten thousands of different drug
with ten thousands of different drug
with ten thousands of different drug candidates these ten thousand drug
candidates these ten thousand drug
candidates these ten thousand drug candidates end up in different
candidates end up in different
candidates end up in different experiments like in vitro studies test
experiments like in vitro studies test
experiments like in vitro studies test tube studies and then 250 of them come
tube studies and then 250 of them come
tube studies and then 250 of them come into the animal studies the out of these
into the animal studies the out of these
into the animal studies the out of these 250 still fifty of these drug candidates
250 still fifty of these drug candidates
250 still fifty of these drug candidates reach the patients in the clinical
reach the patients in the clinical
reach the patients in the clinical studies and only one medication is
studies and only one medication is
studies and only one medication is coming to the market meaning that 49 of
coming to the market meaning that 49 of
coming to the market meaning that 49 of these drugs are having severe side
these drugs are having severe side
these drugs are having severe side effects and patients but imagine we can
effects and patients but imagine we can
effects and patients but imagine we can replace these animal studies into
replace these animal studies into
replace these animal studies into something what is called the human on
something what is called the human on
something what is called the human on the chip you have a little chip
the chip you have a little chip
the chip you have a little chip something like this here what I have in
something like this here what I have in
something like this here what I have in my hand which is have which is basically
my hand which is have which is basically
my hand which is have which is basically homing all the very important organs of
homing all the very important organs of
homing all the very important organs of a human on a chip then we probably might
a human on a chip then we probably might
a human on a chip then we probably might get only one drug candidate into the
get only one drug candidate into the
get only one drug candidate into the clinical studies and this only one drug
clinical studies and this only one drug
clinical studies and this only one drug can also go to the market this would be
can also go to the market this would be
can also go to the market this would be in a nice scenario so we can reduce the
in a nice scenario so we can reduce the
in a nice scenario so we can reduce the animal studies and also we make our drug
animal studies and also we make our drug
animal studies and also we make our drug testing safer how can we do that so
testing safer how can we do that so
testing safer how can we do that so usually in pharmacology in in pharma
usually in pharmacology in in pharma
usually in pharmacology in in pharma industries the drugs are first tested in
industries the drugs are first tested in
industries the drugs are first tested in cells in human cells this is the only
cells in human cells this is the only
cells in human cells this is the only test what they do in humans before they
test what they do in humans before they
test what they do in humans before they reach the clinical studies and here the
reach the clinical studies and here the
reach the clinical studies and here the cells are basically cultured in a 2d
cells are basically cultured in a 2d
cells are basically cultured in a 2d environment can you imagine yourself in
environment can you imagine yourself in
environment can you imagine yourself in a 2d environment your flat your not flat
a 2d environment your flat your not flat
a 2d environment your flat your not flat you are 3d you have a lot of different
you are 3d you have a lot of different
you are 3d you have a lot of different organs they look differently they are
organs they look differently they are
organs they look differently they are compartmentalized and you face really
compartmentalized and you face really
compartmentalized and you face really also mechanical forces by just walking
also mechanical forces by just walking
also mechanical forces by just walking stretching and also you have temperature
stretching and also you have temperature
stretching and also you have temperature sensitive targets here and this is
sensitive targets here and this is
sensitive targets here and this is making you a 2d model not a good model
making you a 2d model not a good model
making you a 2d model not a good model to really test the drugs so imagine you
to really test the drugs so imagine you
to really test the drugs so imagine you can just switch to a 3d model
can just switch to a 3d model
can just switch to a 3d model to a 3d model we call it we can put this
to a 3d model we call it we can put this
to a 3d model we call it we can put this on such a little chip and this is what
on such a little chip and this is what
on such a little chip and this is what was done in my lab a couple of years ago
was done in my lab a couple of years ago
was done in my lab a couple of years ago we wanted to culture all these cells in
we wanted to culture all these cells in
we wanted to culture all these cells in a 3d environment making these cells
a 3d environment making these cells
a 3d environment making these cells feeling homey homey as they are in an
feeling homey homey as they are in an
feeling homey homey as they are in an organ like a liver or a kidney or a
organ like a liver or a kidney or a
organ like a liver or a kidney or a brain but what about the nutrients how
brain but what about the nutrients how
brain but what about the nutrients how can the nutrients come to a 3d
can the nutrients come to a 3d
can the nutrients come to a 3d subculture and there for we developed a
subculture and there for we developed a
subculture and there for we developed a vasculature so a blood vessel system
vasculature so a blood vessel system
vasculature so a blood vessel system which gives all the gases the drugs and
which gives all the gases the drugs and
which gives all the gases the drugs and the nutrients to them 3d environment and
the nutrients to them 3d environment and
the nutrients to them 3d environment and we call it here the microfluidic
we call it here the microfluidic
we call it here the microfluidic vasculature which is from artificial
vasculature which is from artificial
vasculature which is from artificial plastic it’s formed by plastic and it’s
plastic it’s formed by plastic and it’s
plastic it’s formed by plastic and it’s actually done like a ubud cup and your
actually done like a ubud cup and your
actually done like a ubud cup and your refrigerator you see here the yogurt cup
refrigerator you see here the yogurt cup
refrigerator you see here the yogurt cup and the artificial blood vessel eater
and the artificial blood vessel eater
and the artificial blood vessel eater and blood vessel system which is just
and blood vessel system which is just
and blood vessel system which is just tiny tiny compared to the ubud cup but
tiny tiny compared to the ubud cup but
tiny tiny compared to the ubud cup but it works it’s a porous plastic channel
it works it’s a porous plastic channel
it works it’s a porous plastic channel system round channel system and this can
system round channel system and this can
system round channel system and this can be flooded by blood it is produced by
be flooded by blood it is produced by
be flooded by blood it is produced by just heat and pressure in a channel
just heat and pressure in a channel
just heat and pressure in a channel structure the channels are then glued
structure the channels are then glued
structure the channels are then glued into this little chip and then you have
into this little chip and then you have
into this little chip and then you have your blood vessel system you see it here
your blood vessel system you see it here
your blood vessel system you see it here in a diameter and then you basically
in a diameter and then you basically
in a diameter and then you basically take this blood vessel system and print
take this blood vessel system and print
take this blood vessel system and print with a 3d printer your organs you will
with a 3d printer your organs you will
with a 3d printer your organs you will say okay printing yeah you can do that
say okay printing yeah you can do that
say okay printing yeah you can do that today 3d printing we heard a lot today
today 3d printing we heard a lot today
today 3d printing we heard a lot today already about 3d printing and then you
already about 3d printing and then you
already about 3d printing and then you print organ one and organ to organ three
print organ one and organ to organ three
print organ one and organ to organ three like a kidney the liver the brain and
like a kidney the liver the brain and
like a kidney the liver the brain and all the very important organ onto the
all the very important organ onto the
all the very important organ onto the vasculature blood vessel system and then
vasculature blood vessel system and then
vasculature blood vessel system and then you connect this all to a blood
you connect this all to a blood
you connect this all to a blood circulation and bring all the nutrients
circulation and bring all the nutrients
circulation and bring all the nutrients drugs and everything to this little chip
drugs and everything to this little chip
drugs and everything to this little chip so and then what is coming out then so
so and then what is coming out then so
so and then what is coming out then so you basically take it as a patient you
you basically take it as a patient you
you basically take it as a patient you monitor all the vital with the vital
monitor all the vital with the vital
monitor all the vital with the vital factors like for example the blood flow
factors like for example the blood flow
factors like for example the blood flow the blood pressure all the metabolism
the blood pressure all the metabolism
the blood pressure all the metabolism what is coming out of this
what is coming out of this
what is coming out of this as you do in intensive care units in the
as you do in intensive care units in the
as you do in intensive care units in the patients so I told you about bio
patients so I told you about bio
patients so I told you about bio printing 3d printing of organs how
printing 3d printing of organs how
printing 3d printing of organs how that’s at work this is not a future
that’s at work this is not a future
that’s at work this is not a future anymore its presence you don’t believe
anymore its presence you don’t believe
anymore its presence you don’t believe it but it is present already and we are
it but it is present already and we are
it but it is present already and we are facing a new era even of making larger
facing a new era even of making larger
facing a new era even of making larger organs for transplantation how does that
organs for transplantation how does that
organs for transplantation how does that work you see here a drawing you which
work you see here a drawing you which
work you see here a drawing you which was done a long time ago when the first
was done a long time ago when the first
was done a long time ago when the first thought of bio printing came across and
thought of bio printing came across and
thought of bio printing came across and physician thought is a good opportunity
physician thought is a good opportunity
physician thought is a good opportunity to print a 3d pumping heart in AU lopaka
to print a 3d pumping heart in AU lopaka
to print a 3d pumping heart in AU lopaka drug you de pekka printer so when I
drug you de pekka printer so when I
drug you de pekka printer so when I started out doing my research you see
started out doing my research you see
started out doing my research you see here the meat from my my refrigerator
here the meat from my my refrigerator
here the meat from my my refrigerator it’s not printed on this printer but
it’s not printed on this printer but
it’s not printed on this printer but actually most of the printers the 3d
actually most of the printers the 3d
actually most of the printers the 3d printing processes that started actually
printing processes that started actually
printing processes that started actually with a youlet pocket dust jet printer
with a youlet pocket dust jet printer
with a youlet pocket dust jet printer and we printed organs by just exchanging
and we printed organs by just exchanging
and we printed organs by just exchanging the color of the cartridges with human
the color of the cartridges with human
the color of the cartridges with human samples human tissues human cells as you
samples human tissues human cells as you
samples human tissues human cells as you see here so you could basically replace
see here so you could basically replace
see here so you could basically replace the toner by the cells and then print
the toner by the cells and then print
the toner by the cells and then print and the only thing what you have to do
and the only thing what you have to do
and the only thing what you have to do is lifting basically the paper up and
is lifting basically the paper up and
is lifting basically the paper up and down to get a 3d object so it works
down to get a 3d object so it works
down to get a 3d object so it works exactly the same and if you want to try
exactly the same and if you want to try
exactly the same and if you want to try it at home you can do because it’s
it at home you can do because it’s
it at home you can do because it’s working so now I show you a little more
working so now I show you a little more
working so now I show you a little more sophisticated printer which is now in
sophisticated printer which is now in
sophisticated printer which is now in the lab and it’s doing the same job and
the lab and it’s doing the same job and
the lab and it’s doing the same job and you see here printing an ear which you
you see here printing an ear which you
you see here printing an ear which you see right there it’s an ear which is
see right there it’s an ear which is
see right there it’s an ear which is smaller than the normal ear it’s just a
smaller than the normal ear it’s just a
smaller than the normal ear it’s just a 2 centimeters in diameter but you can
2 centimeters in diameter but you can
2 centimeters in diameter but you can print with such a printer in a very fast
print with such a printer in a very fast
print with such a printer in a very fast time larger objects larger specimens
time larger objects larger specimens
time larger objects larger specimens which are composed of different cells of
which are composed of different cells of
which are composed of different cells of your body and you can even do it in the
your body and you can even do it in the
your body and you can even do it in the same shape as in your body yeah for the
same shape as in your body yeah for the
same shape as in your body yeah for the organs on a chip you can imagine if you
organs on a chip you can imagine if you
organs on a chip you can imagine if you put that on it on a little chip they
put that on it on a little chip they
put that on it on a little chip they have to be small they are just a cubic
have to be small they are just a cubic
have to be small they are just a cubic millimeter and a little bit bigger too
millimeter and a little bit bigger too
millimeter and a little bit bigger too get all the functions of a right liver
get all the functions of a right liver
get all the functions of a right liver of the brain of the kidney so imagine
of the brain of the kidney so imagine
of the brain of the kidney so imagine you print brains here you see printed
you print brains here you see printed
you print brains here you see printed neurons printed nerve cells which are
neurons printed nerve cells which are
neurons printed nerve cells which are communicating to each other you see here
communicating to each other you see here
communicating to each other you see here a printed liver the liver which is
a printed liver the liver which is
a printed liver the liver which is basically also composed of gall bladders
basically also composed of gall bladders
basically also composed of gall bladders of called bile ducts and you see here in
of called bile ducts and you see here in
of called bile ducts and you see here in green you can do that by a printer it’s
green you can do that by a printer it’s
green you can do that by a printer it’s presented in 2d but it is in real life
presented in 2d but it is in real life
presented in 2d but it is in real life it is in 3d so imagine you do it not for
it is in 3d so imagine you do it not for
it is in 3d so imagine you do it not for many organs but just for one organ in a
many organs but just for one organ in a
many organs but just for one organ in a one organ ship as you see here you see
one organ ship as you see here you see
one organ ship as you see here you see here the blood vessels you see the blood
here the blood vessels you see the blood
here the blood vessels you see the blood vessels when they are just having blood
vessels when they are just having blood
vessels when they are just having blood and they are spreading it to the
and they are spreading it to the
and they are spreading it to the different tissues so you see that the
different tissues so you see that the
different tissues so you see that the function here of the blood vessel to
function here of the blood vessel to
function here of the blood vessel to support the neurons with basically
support the neurons with basically
support the neurons with basically nutrients is working but what we have to
nutrients is working but what we have to
nutrients is working but what we have to do now is to make it plug and play so
do now is to make it plug and play so
do now is to make it plug and play so that pharma industry can just put it
that pharma industry can just put it
that pharma industry can just put it into a drawer and say ok I keep it there
into a drawer and say ok I keep it there
into a drawer and say ok I keep it there for 90 days and then I find out how the
for 90 days and then I find out how the
for 90 days and then I find out how the patient is reacting you know so here you
patient is reacting you know so here you
patient is reacting you know so here you see first attempt to make it in a in a
see first attempt to make it in a in a
see first attempt to make it in a in a more plug-and-play version where we
more plug-and-play version where we
more plug-and-play version where we culture all these chips but the most
culture all these chips but the most
culture all these chips but the most beautiful thing of that is basically
beautiful thing of that is basically
beautiful thing of that is basically it’s not only the testing of drugs for
it’s not only the testing of drugs for
it’s not only the testing of drugs for the pharmaceutical industry but it’s the
the pharmaceutical industry but it’s the
the pharmaceutical industry but it’s the chip you can design for yourself
chip you can design for yourself
chip you can design for yourself imagine this chip is not only for farmer
imagine this chip is not only for farmer
imagine this chip is not only for farmer but it is for you so to keep it
but it is for you so to keep it
but it is for you so to keep it basically you see here all these people
basically you see here all these people
basically you see here all these people are different you look around here all
are different you look around here all
are different you look around here all the people are looking different they
the people are looking different they
the people are looking different they are genetically different they are
are genetically different they are
are genetically different they are different in their behavior they are
different in their behavior they are
different in their behavior they are different in their thoughts they are
different in their thoughts they are
different in their thoughts they are different in their how they look but
different in their how they look but
different in their how they look but also that Jain their genes are usually
also that Jain their genes are usually
also that Jain their genes are usually different no imagine you can have a chip
different no imagine you can have a chip
different no imagine you can have a chip for yourself to test all the drugs on
for yourself to test all the drugs on
for yourself to test all the drugs on the market on your own chip you
the market on your own chip you
the market on your own chip you basically have the one drug you need for
basically have the one drug you need for
basically have the one drug you need for your treatment you go to the doctor and
your treatment you go to the doctor and
your treatment you go to the doctor and say ok this I need a medication and the
say ok this I need a medication and the
say ok this I need a medication and the doctor says okay you take already
doctor says okay you take already
doctor says okay you take already aspirin and you take
aspirin and you take
aspirin and you take other drugs and beta blockers on
other drugs and beta blockers on
other drugs and beta blockers on whatsoever but you need a new drug and
whatsoever but you need a new drug and
whatsoever but you need a new drug and we have to we don’t know whether this is
we have to we don’t know whether this is
we have to we don’t know whether this is comparable and compatible to each other
comparable and compatible to each other
comparable and compatible to each other so you ask him and say okay take my trip
so you ask him and say okay take my trip
so you ask him and say okay take my trip and test it and then you get the best
and test it and then you get the best
and test it and then you get the best medication you need so what do you have
medication you need so what do you have
medication you need so what do you have to do for this so you can use that chip
to do for this so you can use that chip
to do for this so you can use that chip in the future you go and take your stem
in the future you go and take your stem
in the future you go and take your stem cells and bring it to a liquid nitrogen
cells and bring it to a liquid nitrogen
cells and bring it to a liquid nitrogen to spell to store your stem cells you
to spell to store your stem cells you
to spell to store your stem cells you can do that from your kids when the kids
can do that from your kids when the kids
can do that from your kids when the kids are born and you get the umbilical cord
are born and you get the umbilical cord
are born and you get the umbilical cord during giving birth and then make the
during giving birth and then make the
during giving birth and then make the chip the tip of your children for the
chip the tip of your children for the
chip the tip of your children for the next future and the research in
next future and the research in
next future and the research in personalized medicine and I want to
personalized medicine and I want to
personalized medicine and I want to thank you and then hope you get the idea
thank you and then hope you get the idea
thank you and then hope you get the idea how to print human organs in
how to print human organs in
how to print human organs in miniaturized form on these kind of chips
miniaturized form on these kind of chips
miniaturized form on these kind of chips thank you
thank you
thank you [Applause]
”
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