Next Generation of Biologically Inspired Artificial Intelligence | Tara Karimi | TEDxRiceU

have you ever taught

have you ever taught what would be our future with the

what would be our future with the

what would be our future with the existence of artificial intelligence in

existence of artificial intelligence in

existence of artificial intelligence in our daily life current understanding of

our daily life current understanding of

our daily life current understanding of artificial intelligence is intelligent

artificial intelligence is intelligent

artificial intelligence is intelligent machine that has the capacity of

machine that has the capacity of

machine that has the capacity of communication with humans and of course

communication with humans and of course

communication with humans and of course sometimes a little bit scary from my

sometimes a little bit scary from my

sometimes a little bit scary from my understanding artificial intelligence is

understanding artificial intelligence is

understanding artificial intelligence is a decision-making system that has the

a decision-making system that has the

a decision-making system that has the capacity of finding optimal solution in

capacity of finding optimal solution in

capacity of finding optimal solution in interaction with its environmental

interaction with its environmental

interaction with its environmental signal or in response to the specific

signal or in response to the specific

signal or in response to the specific signal as an example an artificial

signal as an example an artificial

signal as an example an artificial intelligence can be a decision-making

intelligence can be a decision-making

intelligence can be a decision-making system a cognitive system that help us

system a cognitive system that help us

system a cognitive system that help us to make the optimal decision even by

to make the optimal decision even by

to make the optimal decision even by direct connection to our brain or it can

direct connection to our brain or it can

direct connection to our brain or it can be a smart carrier of an anti-cancer

be a smart carrier of an anti-cancer

be a smart carrier of an anti-cancer drug that specifically targets cancer

drug that specifically targets cancer

drug that specifically targets cancer cell with the lowest effect on the

cell with the lowest effect on the

cell with the lowest effect on the normal cells from my background in

normal cells from my background in

normal cells from my background in veterinary medicine I was always

veterinary medicine I was always

veterinary medicine I was always fascinated by their variety in the

fascinated by their variety in the

fascinated by their variety in the morphology and behavior of different

morphology and behavior of different

morphology and behavior of different species of animals and I was so curious

species of animals and I was so curious

species of animals and I was so curious about the programs and codes behind all

about the programs and codes behind all

about the programs and codes behind all of these varieties and this motivated me

of these varieties and this motivated me

of these varieties and this motivated me to continue my studies in genetics

to continue my studies in genetics

to continue my studies in genetics biochemistry and then later in stem cell

biochemistry and then later in stem cell

biochemistry and then later in stem cell biology biological systems are highly

biology biological systems are highly

biology biological systems are highly cognitive systems in different forms

cognitive systems in different forms

cognitive systems in different forms from their very primitive to the most

from their very primitive to the most

from their very primitive to the most developed forms and they are able to

developed forms and they are able to

developed forms and they are able to make a smart decision in intra in their

make a smart decision in intra in their

make a smart decision in intra in their interaction with their environmental

interaction with their environmental

interaction with their environmental factors

factors

factors just as chameleon that is able to make

just as chameleon that is able to make

just as chameleon that is able to make decision over its own ask in color and

decision over its own ask in color and

decision over its own ask in color and can synchronize its skin color with the

can synchronize its skin color with the

can synchronize its skin color with the environment just as a hiding mechanism

environment just as a hiding mechanism

environment just as a hiding mechanism or the self navigation capacity of birds

or the self navigation capacity of birds

or the self navigation capacity of birds over the entire of their migration

over the entire of their migration

over the entire of their migration flight in another example the

flight in another example the

flight in another example the engineering is key enough honey

engineering is key enough honey

engineering is key enough honey is for making highly specific structures

is for making highly specific structures

is for making highly specific structures and architectures of honey honeycomb and

and architectures of honey honeycomb and

and architectures of honey honeycomb and more importantly unlike any other

more importantly unlike any other

more importantly unlike any other human-made computers biological systems

human-made computers biological systems

human-made computers biological systems are able to make decision in every

are able to make decision in every

are able to make decision in every single of their subunits for example in

single of their subunits for example in

single of their subunits for example in a growing embryo

a growing embryo

a growing embryo every single stem cell is able to make

every single stem cell is able to make

every single stem cell is able to make its own decision in communication with

its own decision in communication with

its own decision in communication with other cells to find its own position

other cells to find its own position

other cells to find its own position collectively they are able to

collectively they are able to

collectively they are able to communicate each other making highly

communicate each other making highly

communicate each other making highly specific geometries which is growing in

specific geometries which is growing in

specific geometries which is growing in size and complexity by time this is

size and complexity by time this is

size and complexity by time this is called

called

called self-organization self-organization

self-organization self-organization

self-organization self-organization capacity of SM cells in a growing embryo

capacity of SM cells in a growing embryo

capacity of SM cells in a growing embryo pretty much is like the formation of a

pretty much is like the formation of a

pretty much is like the formation of a castle in a sandwich though during the

castle in a sandwich though during the

castle in a sandwich though during the embryonic development in addition to the

embryonic development in addition to the

embryonic development in addition to the geometries thousands of different

geometries thousands of different

geometries thousands of different machineries are forming by time in

machineries are forming by time in

machineries are forming by time in different tissues and organs now the big

different tissues and organs now the big

different tissues and organs now the big question is that how we can learn from

question is that how we can learn from

question is that how we can learn from biological system in designing and

biological system in designing and

biological system in designing and improving our decision-making system

improving our decision-making system

improving our decision-making system currently the main challenge in

currently the main challenge in

currently the main challenge in artificial intelligence is about the

artificial intelligence is about the

artificial intelligence is about the designing decision making algorithms

designing decision making algorithms

designing decision making algorithms which could find the optimal solution in

which could find the optimal solution in

which could find the optimal solution in interaction with the environmental

interaction with the environmental

interaction with the environmental signals especially when the system is

signals especially when the system is

signals especially when the system is interacting with several factors this

interacting with several factors this

interacting with several factors this class of problems in mathematics are

class of problems in mathematics are

class of problems in mathematics are called NP problems because by their

called NP problems because by their

called NP problems because by their complexity they cannot be solved by

complexity they cannot be solved by

complexity they cannot be solved by logical time and they are considered as

logical time and they are considered as

logical time and they are considered as unsolvable problems in contrast to the

unsolvable problems in contrast to the

unsolvable problems in contrast to the other class of problems that we call P

other class of problems that we call P

other class of problems that we call P problems or that means they can be so

problems or that means they can be so

problems or that means they can be so of easily biological time such as

of easily biological time such as

of easily biological time such as multiplication problem as an example of

multiplication problem as an example of

multiplication problem as an example of NP problems consider travelling salesman

NP problems consider travelling salesman

NP problems consider travelling salesman problem travelling salesman problem ask

problem travelling salesman problem ask

problem travelling salesman problem ask in a given number of cities what is the

in a given number of cities what is the

in a given number of cities what is the shortest possible path that with it

shortest possible path that with it

shortest possible path that with it every cities and comes back to the

every cities and comes back to the

every cities and comes back to the original city the problem statement

original city the problem statement

original city the problem statement sounds easy but as a number of cities

sounds easy but as a number of cities

sounds easy but as a number of cities increase the number of scenarios and the

increase the number of scenarios and the

increase the number of scenarios and the operation times grows exponentially

operation times grows exponentially

operation times grows exponentially therefore solution will be impossible to

therefore solution will be impossible to

therefore solution will be impossible to be fine in a logical time even by

be fine in a logical time even by

be fine in a logical time even by current supercomputers I’m not a

current supercomputers I’m not a

current supercomputers I’m not a travelling cells woman and I’m not a

travelling cells woman and I’m not a

travelling cells woman and I’m not a mathematician but I saw this problem

mathematician but I saw this problem

mathematician but I saw this problem somewhere else in differentiating

somewhere else in differentiating

somewhere else in differentiating pathways of stem cells during the early

pathways of stem cells during the early

pathways of stem cells during the early stage of embryonic development

stage of embryonic development

stage of embryonic development differentiating a stem cells are able to

differentiating a stem cells are able to

differentiating a stem cells are able to make thousands of decision by finding

make thousands of decision by finding

make thousands of decision by finding the optimal combination of gene

the optimal combination of gene

the optimal combination of gene regulatory factors toward different

regulatory factors toward different

regulatory factors toward different destinations for example different types

destinations for example different types

destinations for example different types of tissues and cells in our body and

of tissues and cells in our body and

of tissues and cells in our body and they are able to make thousands of

they are able to make thousands of

they are able to make thousands of decision by by solving NP problems in a

decision by by solving NP problems in a

decision by by solving NP problems in a network as large as the entire of their

network as large as the entire of their

network as large as the entire of their genome now the question is that how as

genome now the question is that how as

genome now the question is that how as themselves are able to make thousands of

themselves are able to make thousands of

themselves are able to make thousands of decisions in a highly efficient way

decisions in a highly efficient way

decisions in a highly efficient way while still we have several problems in

while still we have several problems in

while still we have several problems in solving similar NP problems applying our

solving similar NP problems applying our

solving similar NP problems applying our supercomputers this question engage my

supercomputers this question engage my

supercomputers this question engage my mind for a long time since I was a PhD

mind for a long time since I was a PhD

mind for a long time since I was a PhD student I was trying to find an

student I was trying to find an

student I was trying to find an algorithm in computer science that could

algorithm in computer science that could

algorithm in computer science that could be matched with the decision-making

be matched with the decision-making

be matched with the decision-making capacities of a stem cells and later I

capacities of a stem cells and later I

capacities of a stem cells and later I was trying to understand the mechanisms

was trying to understand the mechanisms

was trying to understand the mechanisms of coding and computing

of coding and computing

of coding and computing in a stem cells by getting deep in the

in a stem cells by getting deep in the

in a stem cells by getting deep in the chemistry of cells but unfortunately

chemistry of cells but unfortunately

chemistry of cells but unfortunately after a long time research I didn’t find

after a long time research I didn’t find

after a long time research I didn’t find a solution but then later I was able to

a solution but then later I was able to

a solution but then later I was able to connect the dots and find this the

connect the dots and find this the

connect the dots and find this the solution in chemistry but in a special

solution in chemistry but in a special

solution in chemistry but in a special form of chemistry that information are

form of chemistry that information are

form of chemistry that information are embedded in the molecules and in the

embedded in the molecules and in the

embedded in the molecules and in the materials so I call this platform

materials so I call this platform

materials so I call this platform cognitive chemistry cognitive chemistry

cognitive chemistry cognitive chemistry

cognitive chemistry cognitive chemistry is a chemical based coding system that

is a chemical based coding system that

is a chemical based coding system that information are embedded in the

information are embedded in the

information are embedded in the molecules and materials Nina is a simple

molecules and materials Nina is a simple

molecules and materials Nina is a simple example of for cognitive materials and

example of for cognitive materials and

example of for cognitive materials and we can apply DNA in the synthetic form

we can apply DNA in the synthetic form

we can apply DNA in the synthetic form as a matrix for information storage but

as a matrix for information storage but

as a matrix for information storage but cognitive chemistry is not limited to

cognitive chemistry is not limited to

cognitive chemistry is not limited to DNA and we can apply different forms of

DNA and we can apply different forms of

DNA and we can apply different forms of synthetic materials for information and

synthetic materials for information and

synthetic materials for information and storage in addition in a cognitive

storage in addition in a cognitive

storage in addition in a cognitive chemistry system the system has the

chemistry system the system has the

chemistry system the system has the recognition capacity over its

recognition capacity over its

recognition capacity over its environment applying its molecular

environment applying its molecular

environment applying its molecular sensors therefore by combining these two

sensors therefore by combining these two

sensors therefore by combining these two properties we understand that in

properties we understand that in

properties we understand that in cognitive chemistry the software and

cognitive chemistry the software and

cognitive chemistry the software and hardware are integrated together in

hardware are integrated together in

hardware are integrated together in addition unlike current computers that

addition unlike current computers that

addition unlike current computers that are limited to single layer of coating

are limited to single layer of coating

are limited to single layer of coating which is binary coding in cognitive

which is binary coding in cognitive

which is binary coding in cognitive chemistry we have multiple layers of

chemistry we have multiple layers of

chemistry we have multiple layers of coding for example DNA coding language

coding for example DNA coding language

coding for example DNA coding language with for coding subunits with different

with for coding subunits with different

with for coding subunits with different with four different nucleotides or

with four different nucleotides or

with four different nucleotides or protein coding language with 20

protein coding language with 20

protein coding language with 20 different coding subunits therefore by a

different coding subunits therefore by a

different coding subunits therefore by a multi-layer coding capacity of cognitive

multi-layer coding capacity of cognitive

multi-layer coding capacity of cognitive system the system will be impoverished

system the system will be impoverished

system the system will be impoverished two parallel operation which enhance the

two parallel operation which enhance the

two parallel operation which enhance the operation rate of system incredibly now

operation rate of system incredibly now

operation rate of system incredibly now the question is that can be solved NP

the question is that can be solved NP

the question is that can be solved NP problems such as Traveling Salesman

problems such as Traveling Salesman

problems such as Traveling Salesman problem applying cognitive chemistry

problem applying cognitive chemistry

problem applying cognitive chemistry algorithm let’s see as we discussed

algorithm let’s see as we discussed

algorithm let’s see as we discussed earlier we know that the main limitation

earlier we know that the main limitation

earlier we know that the main limitation in our current computers for solving NP

in our current computers for solving NP

in our current computers for solving NP problems is about the sequential

problems is about the sequential

problems is about the sequential operation the system needs to check all

operation the system needs to check all

operation the system needs to check all the possible scenarios before finding

the possible scenarios before finding

the possible scenarios before finding the optimal solution however in

the optimal solution however in

the optimal solution however in cognitive chemistry applying the

cognitive chemistry applying the

cognitive chemistry applying the parallel operation capacity of the

parallel operation capacity of the

parallel operation capacity of the system we can pass this problem in this

system we can pass this problem in this

system we can pass this problem in this limitation and the system is able to

limitation and the system is able to

limitation and the system is able to find the solution immediately in this

find the solution immediately in this

find the solution immediately in this animation we can see how a current

animation we can see how a current

animation we can see how a current complex method is trying to find the

complex method is trying to find the

complex method is trying to find the near optimal solution for travelling

near optimal solution for travelling

near optimal solution for travelling salesman problem applying a semi

salesman problem applying a semi

salesman problem applying a semi sequential method as you see here the

sequential method as you see here the

sequential method as you see here the system is trying to define the problem

system is trying to define the problem

system is trying to define the problem and then checking all the possible

and then checking all the possible

and then checking all the possible scenarios before finding the optimal

scenarios before finding the optimal

scenarios before finding the optimal solution however in cognitive chemistry

solution however in cognitive chemistry

solution however in cognitive chemistry applying the parallel operation capacity

applying the parallel operation capacity

applying the parallel operation capacity of the system the algorithm is able to

of the system the algorithm is able to

of the system the algorithm is able to check all scenarios in parallel and at

check all scenarios in parallel and at

check all scenarios in parallel and at the same time there would be no gap

the same time there would be no gap

the same time there would be no gap between the problem and the solution

between the problem and the solution

between the problem and the solution therefore cognitive chemistry algorithm

therefore cognitive chemistry algorithm

therefore cognitive chemistry algorithm has been able to move traveling salesman

has been able to move traveling salesman

has been able to move traveling salesman problem from the category of unsolvable

problem from the category of unsolvable

problem from the category of unsolvable problems into solvable problems the

problems into solvable problems the

problems into solvable problems the importance of this solution is

importance of this solution is

importance of this solution is definitely in designing of decision

definitely in designing of decision

definitely in designing of decision making algorithms in artificial

making algorithms in artificial

making algorithms in artificial intelligence but more important

intelligence but more important

intelligence but more important this solution can be applied in

this solution can be applied in

this solution can be applied in biomedical science for treatment of

biomedical science for treatment of

biomedical science for treatment of cancer by analysis of large datasets

cancer by analysis of large datasets

cancer by analysis of large datasets from cancer patients and a small

from cancer patients and a small

from cancer patients and a small targeting of cancer-related genes also

targeting of cancer-related genes also

targeting of cancer-related genes also it can be applied for treatment of

it can be applied for treatment of

it can be applied for treatment of protein misfolding diseases such as

protein misfolding diseases such as

protein misfolding diseases such as Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s and prior

Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s and prior

Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s and prior related diseases in my opinion and it

related diseases in my opinion and it

related diseases in my opinion and it disease is that coding disorder and if

disease is that coding disorder and if

disease is that coding disorder and if we know the appropriate code we can we

we know the appropriate code we can we

we know the appropriate code we can we can fix the problem during the entire of

can fix the problem during the entire of

can fix the problem during the entire of my career I was so curious about the

my career I was so curious about the

my career I was so curious about the power of life and I try to understand

power of life and I try to understand

power of life and I try to understand the connection between chemistry physics

the connection between chemistry physics

the connection between chemistry physics and mathematics in biological system and

and mathematics in biological system and

and mathematics in biological system and I believe if we delve deeper we will

I believe if we delve deeper we will

I believe if we delve deeper we will find that there is just one rule

find that there is just one rule

find that there is just one rule governing the entire of nature and

governing the entire of nature and

governing the entire of nature and universe and that’s the universal

universe and that’s the universal

universe and that’s the universal science thank you