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New Lenses to explore our Living Planet | Pierre-Philippe Mathieu | TEDxCluj


the way we understand our planet depends

the way we understand our planet depends on the way we look at it and if we look

on the way we look at it and if we look

on the way we look at it and if we look at it two different types of flans

at it two different types of flans

at it two different types of flans and if we share different perspective we

and if we share different perspective we

and if we share different perspective we can gain a better understanding and one

can gain a better understanding and one

can gain a better understanding and one of the most powerful perspective to

of the most powerful perspective to

of the most powerful perspective to study our planet is the one we get from

study our planet is the one we get from

study our planet is the one we get from space because we look at us from outside

space because we look at us from outside

space because we look at us from outside and this is a picture of the earth as

and this is a picture of the earth as

and this is a picture of the earth as seen from space but through the rings of

seen from space but through the rings of

seen from space but through the rings of Saturn can you see it maybe I need to

Saturn can you see it maybe I need to

Saturn can you see it maybe I need to zoom in because this is us all of us

zoom in because this is us all of us

zoom in because this is us all of us right there 7.5 billion people living on

right there 7.5 billion people living on

right there 7.5 billion people living on this little pale blue dot suspended in

this little pale blue dot suspended in

this little pale blue dot suspended in the infinity of space

the infinity of space

the infinity of space and from that perspective you understand

and from that perspective you understand

and from that perspective you understand how tiny we are how isolated but also

how tiny we are how isolated but also

how tiny we are how isolated but also how fragile is our planet this picture

how fragile is our planet this picture

how fragile is our planet this picture was taken by the Cassini spacecraft

was taken by the Cassini spacecraft

was taken by the Cassini spacecraft after seven years of epic journey to

after seven years of epic journey to

after seven years of epic journey to Saturn and it was taken taken on a

Saturn and it was taken taken on a

Saturn and it was taken taken on a special day the 19th of July 2013

special day the 19th of July 2013

special day the 19th of July 2013 because on that day there was a solar

because on that day there was a solar

because on that day there was a solar eclipse from the point of view of the

eclipse from the point of view of the

eclipse from the point of view of the satellite which enabled the camera on

satellite which enabled the camera on

satellite which enabled the camera on board to take this beautiful picture of

board to take this beautiful picture of

board to take this beautiful picture of the rings of Saturn but also to capture

the rings of Saturn but also to capture

the rings of Saturn but also to capture the faint light of the earth reflected

the faint light of the earth reflected

the faint light of the earth reflected in the background

in the background

in the background and this day was called the day the

and this day was called the day the

and this day was called the day the earth smile because it was the first

earth smile because it was the first

earth smile because it was the first time in history actually that people on

time in history actually that people on

time in history actually that people on the planet were informed that their

the planet were informed that their

the planet were informed that their picture was taken from so far away so

picture was taken from so far away so

picture was taken from so far away so they were invited to stop working go

they were invited to stop working go

they were invited to stop working go outside wave at Saturn and smile just

outside wave at Saturn and smile just

outside wave at Saturn and smile just being grateful that by a strange

being grateful that by a strange

being grateful that by a strange chemical reaction they were alive on

chemical reaction they were alive on

chemical reaction they were alive on this planet to witness this so if you

this planet to witness this so if you

this planet to witness this so if you miss this event I would like to give you

miss this event I would like to give you

miss this event I would like to give you another chance and to celebrate the fact

another chance and to celebrate the fact

another chance and to celebrate the fact that we are here today together to share

that we are here today together to share

that we are here today together to share ideas by waving at your neighbor and

ideas by waving at your neighbor and

ideas by waving at your neighbor and smiling for one second with me Thanks so

smiling for one second with me Thanks so

smiling for one second with me Thanks so this picture is actually the first ever

this picture is actually the first ever

this picture is actually the first ever selfie taken across the whole solar

selfie taken across the whole solar

selfie taken across the whole solar system with a stick of 1.4 billion

system with a stick of 1.4 billion

system with a stick of 1.4 billion kilometer and what I find most

kilometer and what I find most

kilometer and what I find most remarkable about it is that it really

remarkable about it is that it really

remarkable about it is that it really captured our spirit as a species of

captured our spirit as a species of

captured our spirit as a species of scientific Explorer our curiosity to

scientific Explorer our curiosity to

scientific Explorer our curiosity to build technology to explore the universe

build technology to explore the universe

build technology to explore the universe to go very far away and ultimately look

to go very far away and ultimately look

to go very far away and ultimately look back at us to understand who we are and

back at us to understand who we are and

back at us to understand who we are and how we fit into the system so if i zoom

how we fit into the system so if i zoom

how we fit into the system so if i zoom in and arrive to the moon you see that

in and arrive to the moon you see that

in and arrive to the moon you see that this pale blue dot is actually a

this pale blue dot is actually a

this pale blue dot is actually a strikingly beautiful and colorful planet

strikingly beautiful and colorful planet

strikingly beautiful and colorful planet in fact it’s always a moving experience

in fact it’s always a moving experience

in fact it’s always a moving experience to look at the planet as a whole like

to look at the planet as a whole like

to look at the planet as a whole like this because you have this sense of

this because you have this sense of

this because you have this sense of unity and beauty you don’t see any

unity and beauty you don’t see any

unity and beauty you don’t see any frontiers from there and you can think

frontiers from there and you can think

frontiers from there and you can think of this planet as a water planet water

of this planet as a water planet water

of this planet as a water planet water is basically everywhere it’s mainly blue

is basically everywhere it’s mainly blue

is basically everywhere it’s mainly blue because you have water in the ocean

because you have water in the ocean

because you have water in the ocean which covers 3/4 of the planet but it’s

which covers 3/4 of the planet but it’s

which covers 3/4 of the planet but it’s also a bit wide because you have water

also a bit wide because you have water

also a bit wide because you have water in the clouds in the atmosphere

in the clouds in the atmosphere

in the clouds in the atmosphere condensed or frozen onto the ice so

condensed or frozen onto the ice so

condensed or frozen onto the ice so water is a key building element of life

water is a key building element of life

water is a key building element of life and still it’s limited if you put all

and still it’s limited if you put all

and still it’s limited if you put all the water on earth together only to

the water on earth together only to

the water on earth together only to point to point five percent of this

point to point five percent of this

point to point five percent of this water is fresh water and we cannot only

water is fresh water and we cannot only

water is fresh water and we cannot only access a very small fraction of it so to

access a very small fraction of it so to

access a very small fraction of it so to make the most of the space view space

make the most of the space view space

make the most of the space view space agency around the world have been

agency around the world have been

agency around the world have been deploying a fleet of satellites to

deploying a fleet of satellites to

deploying a fleet of satellites to monitor the planet over the last decades

monitor the planet over the last decades

monitor the planet over the last decades and Europe has played a key role in this

and Europe has played a key role in this

and Europe has played a key role in this key leadership role by building the most

key leadership role by building the most

key leadership role by building the most comprehensive observing system ever for

comprehensive observing system ever for

comprehensive observing system ever for the environment called Copernicus which

the environment called Copernicus which

the environment called Copernicus which includes a family of Sentinel mission

includes a family of Sentinel mission

includes a family of Sentinel mission and from from the point of view of these

and from from the point of view of these

and from from the point of view of these missions our earth is also green

missions our earth is also green

missions our earth is also green pointing to science of life in fact what

pointing to science of life in fact what

pointing to science of life in fact what you see here is the impact of

you see here is the impact of

you see here is the impact of photosynthesis the most important

photosynthesis the most important

photosynthesis the most important chemical reaction for life and although

chemical reaction for life and although

chemical reaction for life and although it operates at microscopic level you can

it operates at microscopic level you can

it operates at microscopic level you can see the large scale effect from space

see the large scale effect from space

see the large scale effect from space and missions like sentinels 2/3 can

and missions like sentinels 2/3 can

and missions like sentinels 2/3 can capture the global content of

capture the global content of

capture the global content of chlorophyll both coming from the ocean

chlorophyll both coming from the ocean

chlorophyll both coming from the ocean with

with

with any animals called plankton that are

any animals called plankton that are

any animals called plankton that are blooming and creating life or on land

blooming and creating life or on land

blooming and creating life or on land monitoring the extent and health of

monitoring the extent and health of

monitoring the extent and health of vegetation now if you take a lens that

vegetation now if you take a lens that

vegetation now if you take a lens that enables you to see during the night you

enables you to see during the night you

enables you to see during the night you actually see that there is another type

actually see that there is another type

actually see that there is another type of life which is us with a global

of life which is us with a global

of life which is us with a global footprint on the environment in

footprint on the environment in

footprint on the environment in particular on energy the brightest spots

particular on energy the brightest spots

particular on energy the brightest spots here corresponds to cities and as half

here corresponds to cities and as half

here corresponds to cities and as half of the human race is actually living in

of the human race is actually living in

of the human race is actually living in cities today and these cities keeps

cities today and these cities keeps

cities today and these cities keeps growing some of them becoming mega

growing some of them becoming mega

growing some of them becoming mega cities and most of them growing in the

cities and most of them growing in the

cities and most of them growing in the coastal region so we become a coastal

coastal region so we become a coastal

coastal region so we become a coastal species as well and by looking at this

species as well and by looking at this

species as well and by looking at this you understand that by having 7.5

you understand that by having 7.5

you understand that by having 7.5 billion people on the planet and being

billion people on the planet and being

billion people on the planet and being committed to 9 billion we have a massive

committed to 9 billion we have a massive

committed to 9 billion we have a massive impact on it so now if you take gravity

impact on it so now if you take gravity

impact on it so now if you take gravity lens you see the real physical shape of

lens you see the real physical shape of

lens you see the real physical shape of the earth so from the gravity point of

the earth so from the gravity point of

the earth so from the gravity point of view the earth is not a sphere but a big

view the earth is not a sphere but a big

view the earth is not a sphere but a big potato like this and this surface is

potato like this and this surface is

potato like this and this surface is called the geoid it has been measured by

called the geoid it has been measured by

called the geoid it has been measured by a satellite called Gocha within an

a satellite called Gocha within an

a satellite called Gocha within an incredible accuracy the satellite is

incredible accuracy the satellite is

incredible accuracy the satellite is also called the Ferrari of space because

also called the Ferrari of space because

also called the Ferrari of space because of its shape it has wings because it

of its shape it has wings because it

of its shape it has wings because it flies actually very low in the

flies actually very low in the

flies actually very low in the atmosphere to measure subtle variation

atmosphere to measure subtle variation

atmosphere to measure subtle variation of gravitation so when I show that to my

of gravitation so when I show that to my

of gravitation so when I show that to my daughters

daughters

daughters Cathy and Olga they couldn’t believe the

Cathy and Olga they couldn’t believe the

Cathy and Olga they couldn’t believe the ocean was bumpy because when they go to

ocean was bumpy because when they go to

ocean was bumpy because when they go to the beach they see that the sea is flat

the beach they see that the sea is flat

the beach they see that the sea is flat actually and I try to explain that from

actually and I try to explain that from

actually and I try to explain that from the point of view of gravity depends on

the point of view of gravity depends on

the point of view of gravity depends on the mass you have and also of the motion

the mass you have and also of the motion

the mass you have and also of the motion of this mass through water tectonic

of this mass through water tectonic

of this mass through water tectonic plates etc which explains why the ocean

plates etc which explains why the ocean

plates etc which explains why the ocean is bumpy but they couldn’t care less

is bumpy but they couldn’t care less

is bumpy but they couldn’t care less in fact after several hours we concluded

in fact after several hours we concluded

in fact after several hours we concluded that when you go to the beach you don’t

that when you go to the beach you don’t

that when you go to the beach you don’t need to pay about the view of gravity

need to pay about the view of gravity

need to pay about the view of gravity you can just enjoy and have fun but this

you can just enjoy and have fun but this

you can just enjoy and have fun but this kind of data is not only useful for

kind of data is not only useful for

kind of data is not only useful for science but you have it all of you in

science but you have it all of you in

science but you have it all of you in your mobile phone because it’s the basis

your mobile phone because it’s the basis

your mobile phone because it’s the basis for good positioning of the GPS now if

for good positioning of the GPS now if

for good positioning of the GPS now if you take a magnetic glance you see that

you take a magnetic glance you see that

you take a magnetic glance you see that this big potato is also a big magnet

this big potato is also a big magnet

this big potato is also a big magnet and this magnetic field is protecting us

and this magnetic field is protecting us

and this magnetic field is protecting us from harmful radiation and solar winds

from harmful radiation and solar winds

from harmful radiation and solar winds so it enables life as well and missions

so it enables life as well and missions

so it enables life as well and missions like swarm enable scientists to probe

like swarm enable scientists to probe

like swarm enable scientists to probe directly into the core of our planet

directly into the core of our planet

directly into the core of our planet below the rock and to see the motion of

below the rock and to see the motion of

below the rock and to see the motion of the magma in fact they discovered a jet

the magma in fact they discovered a jet

the magma in fact they discovered a jet stream which is an acceleration of the

stream which is an acceleration of the

stream which is an acceleration of the magma and this was a big surprise but in

magma and this was a big surprise but in

magma and this was a big surprise but in a enables them to better understand the

a enables them to better understand the

a enables them to better understand the variation of this magnetic field so now

variation of this magnetic field so now

variation of this magnetic field so now if you take glances that goes across the

if you take glances that goes across the

if you take glances that goes across the whole electromagnetic spectrum beyond

whole electromagnetic spectrum beyond

whole electromagnetic spectrum beyond what we can see with the eye you start

what we can see with the eye you start

what we can see with the eye you start understanding how the ocean land and

understanding how the ocean land and

understanding how the ocean land and atmosphere interact as part of an

atmosphere interact as part of an

atmosphere interact as part of an integrated system that forms our climate

integrated system that forms our climate

integrated system that forms our climate this is just an example of what you see

this is just an example of what you see

this is just an example of what you see with microwave lenses you can see the

with microwave lenses you can see the

with microwave lenses you can see the humidity of the soil and this data is

humidity of the soil and this data is

humidity of the soil and this data is useful for farmers for example to

useful for farmers for example to

useful for farmers for example to understand the stress on the crops but

understand the stress on the crops but

understand the stress on the crops but you can also see the water in the

you can also see the water in the

you can also see the water in the atmosphere with clouds so you see how it

atmosphere with clouds so you see how it

atmosphere with clouds so you see how it moves from the ground to the atmosphere

moves from the ground to the atmosphere

moves from the ground to the atmosphere and you understand the xamot impact

and you understand the xamot impact

and you understand the xamot impact because the clouds are reflecting solar

because the clouds are reflecting solar

because the clouds are reflecting solar radiation if you put now infrared

radiation if you put now infrared

radiation if you put now infrared glasses on you start sensing the energy

glasses on you start sensing the energy

glasses on you start sensing the energy and this is really the heart of climate

and this is really the heart of climate

and this is really the heart of climate the ocean is the heat engine bringing

the ocean is the heat engine bringing

the ocean is the heat engine bringing the warm water from the equator to the

the warm water from the equator to the

the warm water from the equator to the poles and this kind of data shows you

poles and this kind of data shows you

poles and this kind of data shows you how global warming is you can quantify

how global warming is you can quantify

how global warming is you can quantify it in fact last year was one of the

it in fact last year was one of the

it in fact last year was one of the warmest year in the record this and some

warmest year in the record this and some

warmest year in the record this and some of this heat is expanding the ocean so

of this heat is expanding the ocean so

of this heat is expanding the ocean so that the sea level is rising there are

that the sea level is rising there are

that the sea level is rising there are also reasons as well but by combining

also reasons as well but by combining

also reasons as well but by combining the knowledge of the Jewett with the

the knowledge of the Jewett with the

the knowledge of the Jewett with the lenses of a radar we can measure sea

lenses of a radar we can measure sea

lenses of a radar we can measure sea level within millimeter accuracy from

level within millimeter accuracy from

level within millimeter accuracy from space and we have seen that it’s

space and we have seen that it’s

space and we have seen that it’s expanding globally by a few millimeter

expanding globally by a few millimeter

expanding globally by a few millimeter per year but this expansion is not

per year but this expansion is not

per year but this expansion is not uniform as you can see here there are

uniform as you can see here there are

uniform as you can see here there are big patterns like El Nino and La Nina

big patterns like El Nino and La Nina

big patterns like El Nino and La Nina and this data is really useful for

and this data is really useful for

and this data is really useful for policymakers to understand how to do

policymakers to understand how to do

policymakers to understand how to do climate change adaptation in the coastal

climate change adaptation in the coastal

climate change adaptation in the coastal ocean you can also see the earth

ocean you can also see the earth

ocean you can also see the earth breathing by looking at

breathing by looking at

breathing by looking at dioxide you have here the cycle and you

dioxide you have here the cycle and you

dioxide you have here the cycle and you see this is the breathing with the

see this is the breathing with the

see this is the breathing with the vegetation releasing carbon and then

vegetation releasing carbon and then

vegetation releasing carbon and then capturing carbon with the solar cycles

capturing carbon with the solar cycles

capturing carbon with the solar cycles at seasonal scale but you also see an

at seasonal scale but you also see an

at seasonal scale but you also see an upward trends and this is us this is us

upward trends and this is us this is us

upward trends and this is us this is us releasing a lot of carbon at an

releasing a lot of carbon at an

releasing a lot of carbon at an incredible rate to reach up to 400 a

incredible rate to reach up to 400 a

incredible rate to reach up to 400 a party per million which is a

party per million which is a

party per million which is a concentration we didn’t get since

concentration we didn’t get since

concentration we didn’t get since millions of years on this planet we can

millions of years on this planet we can

millions of years on this planet we can also see our footprint on the lower

also see our footprint on the lower

also see our footprint on the lower atmosphere in the chemistry because we

atmosphere in the chemistry because we

atmosphere in the chemistry because we release a lot of gas by combustion this

release a lot of gas by combustion this

release a lot of gas by combustion this one is a nitrogen dioxide it’s a proxy

one is a nitrogen dioxide it’s a proxy

one is a nitrogen dioxide it’s a proxy for pollution and I remember that when

for pollution and I remember that when

for pollution and I remember that when we release the first global picture of

we release the first global picture of

we release the first global picture of the showing that pollution was moving

the showing that pollution was moving

the showing that pollution was moving around the world and we put the title

around the world and we put the title

around the world and we put the title transponder revolution we had some

transponder revolution we had some

transponder revolution we had some comments from some communication offices

comments from some communication offices

comments from some communication offices in Europe so we change it to economic

in Europe so we change it to economic

in Europe so we change it to economic development around the globe because

development around the globe because

development around the globe because it’s quite related it’s just to show you

it’s quite related it’s just to show you

it’s quite related it’s just to show you that the same thing can be seen with

that the same thing can be seen with

that the same thing can be seen with different perspective according to who

different perspective according to who

different perspective according to who you are but the most powerful aspects of

you are but the most powerful aspects of

you are but the most powerful aspects of this is the combination of perspective

this is the combination of perspective

this is the combination of perspective it’s like being deal a big picture from

it’s like being deal a big picture from

it’s like being deal a big picture from different pieces of the puzzle and the

different pieces of the puzzle and the

different pieces of the puzzle and the problem here is that we are part of this

problem here is that we are part of this

problem here is that we are part of this puzzle we are part of the geophysical

puzzle we are part of the geophysical

puzzle we are part of the geophysical experiments we are creating so we don’t

experiments we are creating so we don’t

experiments we are creating so we don’t have the lid where we see the big

have the lid where we see the big

have the lid where we see the big picture so we have to integrate as many

picture so we have to integrate as many

picture so we have to integrate as many perspective as possible to understand

perspective as possible to understand

perspective as possible to understand what’s happening and this includes also

what’s happening and this includes also

what’s happening and this includes also data from drones from airplanes but also

data from drones from airplanes but also

data from drones from airplanes but also from boys with in the ocean or glider

from boys with in the ocean or glider

from boys with in the ocean or glider below the sea ice but also numerical

below the sea ice but also numerical

below the sea ice but also numerical model that scientists are building

model that scientists are building

model that scientists are building capturing the equations of dynamics of

capturing the equations of dynamics of

capturing the equations of dynamics of the system but also the impact of our

the system but also the impact of our

the system but also the impact of our activity because we are part of the

activity because we are part of the

activity because we are part of the equations now and when you bring all

equations now and when you bring all

equations now and when you bring all these perspective together you build a

these perspective together you build a

these perspective together you build a kind of digital world that you can use

kind of digital world that you can use

kind of digital world that you can use as a laboratory you can look into the

as a laboratory you can look into the

as a laboratory you can look into the past what happened what was the impact

past what happened what was the impact

past what happened what was the impact and also predict what will be the impact

and also predict what will be the impact

and also predict what will be the impact in the future so it’s a real tool for

in the future so it’s a real tool for

in the future so it’s a real tool for management

management

management but it’s not only useful for science is

but it’s not only useful for science is

but it’s not only useful for science is kind of tool but it’s the foundation of

kind of tool but it’s the foundation of

kind of tool but it’s the foundation of decision-making but to do that you need

decision-making but to do that you need

decision-making but to do that you need to transform this kind of data into

to transform this kind of data into

to transform this kind of data into information indicator and knowledge that

information indicator and knowledge that

information indicator and knowledge that connects directly to the user and this

connects directly to the user and this

connects directly to the user and this is a long process and to get into this

is a long process and to get into this

is a long process and to get into this process you again need to change

process you again need to change

process you again need to change perspective and look at the data from

perspective and look at the data from

perspective and look at the data from the point of view of the users you

the point of view of the users you

the point of view of the users you understand its problem the way things

understand its problem the way things

understand its problem the way things how you use data etc and once you do

how you use data etc and once you do

how you use data etc and once you do that and you can go to this value chain

that and you can go to this value chain

that and you can go to this value chain the field of application is just immense

the field of application is just immense

the field of application is just immense it can go from the management of energy

it can go from the management of energy

it can go from the management of energy to the management of forest also for

to the management of forest also for

to the management of forest also for supporting policy like the monitoring of

supporting policy like the monitoring of

supporting policy like the monitoring of sustainable development goals that have

sustainable development goals that have

sustainable development goals that have been agreed recently by more than 190

been agreed recently by more than 190

been agreed recently by more than 190 nations around the world to actually

nations around the world to actually

nations around the world to actually quantify our path towards sustainability

quantify our path towards sustainability

quantify our path towards sustainability protect our planet and ensure prosperity

protect our planet and ensure prosperity

protect our planet and ensure prosperity for all this is just an example of a

for all this is just an example of a

for all this is just an example of a platform we are building using Sentinel

platform we are building using Sentinel

platform we are building using Sentinel 2 data you can go all over in the world

2 data you can go all over in the world

2 data you can go all over in the world by just putting the name of a city I

by just putting the name of a city I

by just putting the name of a city I took plush and you can look at different

took plush and you can look at different

took plush and you can look at different perspective by mixing the bands so this

perspective by mixing the bands so this

perspective by mixing the bands so this is the optical view then you can get the

is the optical view then you can get the

is the optical view then you can get the urban area by doing a few clicks you can

urban area by doing a few clicks you can

urban area by doing a few clicks you can look at the vegetation which enables you

look at the vegetation which enables you

look at the vegetation which enables you to manage crops forests etc and you can

to manage crops forests etc and you can

to manage crops forests etc and you can look us on the water stress on the city

look us on the water stress on the city

look us on the water stress on the city I now invite you to take a step back a

I now invite you to take a step back a

I now invite you to take a step back a step of 1.4 billion kilometres to look

step of 1.4 billion kilometres to look

step of 1.4 billion kilometres to look at this view from Cassini and Cassini is

at this view from Cassini and Cassini is

at this view from Cassini and Cassini is now preparing to end this mission by

now preparing to end this mission by

now preparing to end this mission by diving into the rings of Saturn after 20

diving into the rings of Saturn after 20

diving into the rings of Saturn after 20 years of service and after landing a

years of service and after landing a

years of service and after landing a probe on one of the moon of Saturn’s

probe on one of the moon of Saturn’s

probe on one of the moon of Saturn’s called Titan but one of the legacy of

called Titan but one of the legacy of

called Titan but one of the legacy of the mission is this perspective of the

the mission is this perspective of the

the mission is this perspective of the solar system and when you look at that

solar system and when you look at that

solar system and when you look at that you see that we are really modest in the

you see that we are really modest in the

you see that we are really modest in the universe but we also really unique

universe but we also really unique

universe but we also really unique in fact we have one of the planetary

in fact we have one of the planetary

in fact we have one of the planetary lottery in a sense because we have a

lottery in a sense because we have a

lottery in a sense because we have a climate that enables you to have a range

climate that enables you to have a range

climate that enables you to have a range of temperature which at turn enabled

of temperature which at turn enabled

of temperature which at turn enabled life so we are the only one which

life so we are the only one which

life so we are the only one which managed to team up with life this is not

managed to team up with life this is not

managed to team up with life this is not the case of our sister Venus which is

the case of our sister Venus which is

the case of our sister Venus which is too hot on Mars which is too cold so

too hot on Mars which is too cold so

too hot on Mars which is too cold so when you look at this you can understand

when you look at this you can understand

when you look at this you can understand our role as planetary guardian this is

our role as planetary guardian this is

our role as planetary guardian this is very clear from that picture we need to

very clear from that picture we need to

very clear from that picture we need to protect and cherish the planet as Carl

protect and cherish the planet as Carl

protect and cherish the planet as Carl Sagan said so we are becoming a kind of

Sagan said so we are becoming a kind of

Sagan said so we are becoming a kind of new force on this planet a new

new force on this planet a new

new force on this planet a new geological force and we need to figure

geological force and we need to figure

geological force and we need to figure out how to use this force the right side

out how to use this force the right side

out how to use this force the right side of this force and you don’t need to

of this force and you don’t need to

of this force and you don’t need to become a Jedi to do that you need to

become a Jedi to do that you need to

become a Jedi to do that you need to gain more knowledge about how this

gain more knowledge about how this

gain more knowledge about how this planet works how our climate works what

planet works how our climate works what

planet works how our climate works what is the magnetic field but also knowledge

is the magnetic field but also knowledge

is the magnetic field but also knowledge about ourselves and to do that I want to

about ourselves and to do that I want to

about ourselves and to do that I want to leave you with a final perspective that

leave you with a final perspective that

leave you with a final perspective that you can discuss with your children when

you can discuss with your children when

you can discuss with your children when you come back home tonight

you come back home tonight

you come back home tonight it’s the perspective of the little

it’s the perspective of the little

it’s the perspective of the little prince so it was with me when I was a

prince so it was with me when I was a

prince so it was with me when I was a kid and it has always been with me I

kid and it has always been with me I

kid and it has always been with me I keep reading his book every three years

keep reading his book every three years

keep reading his book every three years and I recently read it with my

and I recently read it with my

and I recently read it with my daughter’s Cathy on Olga and I realized

daughter’s Cathy on Olga and I realized

daughter’s Cathy on Olga and I realized that is the perfect metaphor for

that is the perfect metaphor for

that is the perfect metaphor for scientific exploration in fact is driven

scientific exploration in fact is driven

scientific exploration in fact is driven by curiosity it’s traveling very far

by curiosity it’s traveling very far

by curiosity it’s traveling very far away from its place like cousin eaters

away from its place like cousin eaters

away from its place like cousin eaters gathering data exchanging perspective

gathering data exchanging perspective

gathering data exchanging perspective with people to ultimately gain a better

with people to ultimately gain a better

with people to ultimately gain a better understanding of his planet but also a

understanding of his planet but also a

understanding of his planet but also a better appreciation of his planet and

better appreciation of his planet and

better appreciation of his planet and his Rose and one of my favorite

his Rose and one of my favorite

his Rose and one of my favorite character in there is the Fox because my

character in there is the Fox because my

character in there is the Fox because my grandfather used to tell me stories

grandfather used to tell me stories

grandfather used to tell me stories about this Fox and I’m not telling

about this Fox and I’m not telling

about this Fox and I’m not telling stories to my daughter

stories to my daughter

stories to my daughter about the Fox and at some point the Fox

about the Fox and at some point the Fox

about the Fox and at some point the Fox as the little prince to be adopted

as the little prince to be adopted

as the little prince to be adopted meaning to build a special relationship

meaning to build a special relationship

meaning to build a special relationship with him so that he becomes

with him so that he becomes

with him so that he becomes unique as the rose is and the Fox

unique as the rose is and the Fox

unique as the rose is and the Fox reminds the little friends that by doing

reminds the little friends that by doing

reminds the little friends that by doing this you’re also gained a new

this you’re also gained a new

this you’re also gained a new responsibility to look after him so we

responsibility to look after him so we

responsibility to look after him so we need to learn to build this special and

need to learn to build this special and

need to learn to build this special and unique relationship with our planet we

unique relationship with our planet we

unique relationship with our planet we are now changing the planet at the

are now changing the planet at the

are now changing the planet at the global scale and we are the first

global scale and we are the first

global scale and we are the first species who knows that is doing this and

species who knows that is doing this and

species who knows that is doing this and we can make choices so we have a

we can make choices so we have a

we can make choices so we have a tremendous responsibility there so we

tremendous responsibility there so we

tremendous responsibility there so we have to learn to become a planetary

have to learn to become a planetary

have to learn to become a planetary guardian as the little prince is doing

guardian as the little prince is doing

guardian as the little prince is doing by cleaning his volcanoes every day and

by cleaning his volcanoes every day and

by cleaning his volcanoes every day and protecting his rose but to do that we

protecting his rose but to do that we

protecting his rose but to do that we need again to change perspective and to

need again to change perspective and to

need again to change perspective and to look at a very long-term perspective to

look at a very long-term perspective to

look at a very long-term perspective to visualize the future we want to create

visualize the future we want to create

visualize the future we want to create not only the one we want to avoid and I

not only the one we want to avoid and I

not only the one we want to avoid and I believe that we can build this vision

believe that we can build this vision

believe that we can build this vision together by sharing each of us our own

together by sharing each of us our own

together by sharing each of us our own local perspective and connecting it to

local perspective and connecting it to

local perspective and connecting it to the global view from space so that we

the global view from space so that we

the global view from space so that we see ourselves as collaborator between us

see ourselves as collaborator between us

see ourselves as collaborator between us but also with the next generation to

but also with the next generation to

but also with the next generation to build the future we want thank

build the future we want thank

build the future we want thank [Applause]

[Applause]

[Applause] [Music]

[Music]

[Music] you

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