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Liberal promises, liberal delusions – Emergence of new global powers | Danny Quah | TEDxNTU


I would like right now to talk to you

I would like right now to talk to you about what we all believe makes us

about what we all believe makes us

about what we all believe makes us prosperous makes us economically

prosperous makes us economically

prosperous makes us economically well-off and when I say prosperous I

well-off and when I say prosperous I

well-off and when I say prosperous I don’t mean what is it that’s driven us

don’t mean what is it that’s driven us

don’t mean what is it that’s driven us into the top 1% of the world’s income

into the top 1% of the world’s income

into the top 1% of the world’s income distribution that’s made us wealthy

distribution that’s made us wealthy

distribution that’s made us wealthy investment bankers all I mean is what is

investment bankers all I mean is what is

investment bankers all I mean is what is it that’s made us not sick miserable

it that’s made us not sick miserable

it that’s made us not sick miserable starving diseased

starving diseased

starving diseased lying in the gutter in some destitute

lying in the gutter in some destitute

lying in the gutter in some destitute village somewhere and when I say all of

village somewhere and when I say all of

village somewhere and when I say all of us I don’t mean individually of each of

us I don’t mean individually of each of

us I don’t mean individually of each of us I mean all of us as a society what is

us I mean all of us as a society what is

us I mean all of us as a society what is it about the societies that some of us

it about the societies that some of us

it about the societies that some of us live in they have allowed us to become

live in they have allowed us to become

live in they have allowed us to become as the language says dignified agents of

as the language says dignified agents of

as the language says dignified agents of our own destiny that’s what we are as

our own destiny that’s what we are as

our own destiny that’s what we are as long as we’re not scrambling to get

long as we’re not scrambling to get

long as we’re not scrambling to get enough food to get us through the end of

enough food to get us through the end of

enough food to get us through the end of the day we are dignified agents of our

the day we are dignified agents of our

the day we are dignified agents of our own destiny what is it that’s made other

own destiny what is it that’s made other

own destiny what is it that’s made other societies fail to achieve this now for

societies fail to achieve this now for

societies fail to achieve this now for some of us especially sitting here in

some of us especially sitting here in

some of us especially sitting here in this audience

this audience

this audience the answer is transparent it is a strong

the answer is transparent it is a strong

the answer is transparent it is a strong responsible enlightened state it is a

responsible enlightened state it is a

responsible enlightened state it is a state that has built highways and

state that has built highways and

state that has built highways and bridges where none stood before it is a

bridges where none stood before it is a

bridges where none stood before it is a state that has cleared unhealthy

state that has cleared unhealthy

state that has cleared unhealthy marshland and swamp so that we can live

marshland and swamp so that we can live

marshland and swamp so that we can live fulfilling lives in the state that’s

fulfilling lives in the state that’s

fulfilling lives in the state that’s crafted a system of law and order that

crafted a system of law and order that

crafted a system of law and order that we are not plundered and expropriated is

we are not plundered and expropriated is

we are not plundered and expropriated is it’s a state that’s provided universal

it’s a state that’s provided universal

it’s a state that’s provided universal education that the young people in

education that the young people in

education that the young people in society can eventually become productive

society can eventually become productive

society can eventually become productive can lead meaningful decent lives

can lead meaningful decent lives

can lead meaningful decent lives is the state that’s provided a stability

is the state that’s provided a stability

is the state that’s provided a stability that all of us can feel secure in that

that all of us can feel secure in that

that all of us can feel secure in that we can then think about safe and invest

we can then think about safe and invest

we can then think about safe and invest for the future is the state that we

for the future is the state that we

for the future is the state that we might think describes what we see here

might think describes what we see here

might think describes what we see here in Singapore or in the telling of some

in Singapore or in the telling of some

in Singapore or in the telling of some is the state like that that we see in

is the state like that that we see in

is the state like that that we see in China a description of that is that that

China a description of that is that that

China a description of that is that that society has achieved the kind of

society has achieved the kind of

society has achieved the kind of enlightened collective action where the

enlightened collective action where the

enlightened collective action where the state then provides an infrastructure of

state then provides an infrastructure of

state then provides an infrastructure of public goods this is one story that

public goods this is one story that

public goods this is one story that answers the original question there’s

answers the original question there’s

answers the original question there’s another story that’s different from that

another story that’s different from that

another story that’s different from that this other story begins with big simple

this other story begins with big simple

this other story begins with big simple ideas rugged individualism individual

ideas rugged individualism individual

ideas rugged individualism individual empowerment personal freedoms unbounded

empowerment personal freedoms unbounded

empowerment personal freedoms unbounded liberties and according to this

liberties and according to this

liberties and according to this alternative view it is not the state

alternative view it is not the state

alternative view it is not the state there has allowed us to become dignified

there has allowed us to become dignified

there has allowed us to become dignified agents of our own destiny what happens

agents of our own destiny what happens

agents of our own destiny what happens is that societies need to unleash the

is that societies need to unleash the

is that societies need to unleash the force of creative destruction it needs

force of creative destruction it needs

force of creative destruction it needs to unleash all manner of individual

to unleash all manner of individual

to unleash all manner of individual freedoms that will then magically

freedoms that will then magically

freedoms that will then magically through some peculiar workings of a

through some peculiar workings of a

through some peculiar workings of a fundamental theorem allow that society

fundamental theorem allow that society

fundamental theorem allow that society then to achieve all the good things that

then to achieve all the good things that

then to achieve all the good things that societies should enjoy now this is the

societies should enjoy now this is the

societies should enjoy now this is the liberal promise that societies can

liberal promise that societies can

liberal promise that societies can achieve this through unleashing personal

achieve this through unleashing personal

achieve this through unleashing personal freedoms this liberal promise goes by

freedoms this liberal promise goes by

freedoms this liberal promise goes by different names I lived for decades in

different names I lived for decades in

different names I lived for decades in the United States and Great Britain and

the United States and Great Britain and

the United States and Great Britain and there along with the transatlantic axis

there along with the transatlantic axis

there along with the transatlantic axis the way writers described this we had

the way writers described this we had

the way writers described this we had reached the endpoint of humanity’s

reached the endpoint of humanity’s

reached the endpoint of humanity’s ideological Eve

ideological Eve

ideological Eve Ellucian that the systems of liberal

Ellucian that the systems of liberal

Ellucian that the systems of liberal democracy and individual freedoms that

democracy and individual freedoms that

democracy and individual freedoms that we got to enjoy were the only coherent

we got to enjoy were the only coherent

we got to enjoy were the only coherent political culture that spanned regions

political culture that spanned regions

political culture that spanned regions and ideologies and societies across the

and ideologies and societies across the

and ideologies and societies across the globe on the other side from this of

globe on the other side from this of

globe on the other side from this of course are the strong state economies

course are the strong state economies

course are the strong state economies now of course sensible people would say

now of course sensible people would say

now of course sensible people would say no one would choose social repression

no one would choose social repression

no one would choose social repression over individual empowerment no one would

over individual empowerment no one would

over individual empowerment no one would choose enslavement over liberty why is

choose enslavement over liberty why is

choose enslavement over liberty why is it that across the world these opposing

it that across the world these opposing

it that across the world these opposing views on the one hand and lightened

views on the one hand and lightened

views on the one hand and lightened collective action of the kind that we

collective action of the kind that we

collective action of the kind that we see in Singapore in China and other

see in Singapore in China and other

see in Singapore in China and other parts of Asia and other parts of

parts of Asia and other parts of

parts of Asia and other parts of successful Asia on the one hand versus

successful Asia on the one hand versus

successful Asia on the one hand versus the kind of liberal promise that we see

the kind of liberal promise that we see

the kind of liberal promise that we see elsewhere in the world see the liberal

elsewhere in the world see the liberal

elsewhere in the world see the liberal promise does not just say that if you

promise does not just say that if you

promise does not just say that if you unleash creative destruction individual

unleash creative destruction individual

unleash creative destruction individual liberties you achieve these wonderful

liberties you achieve these wonderful

liberties you achieve these wonderful things it says that it is the only way

things it says that it is the only way

things it says that it is the only way you can do that and in all other systems

you can do that and in all other systems

you can do that and in all other systems with the strong responsible enlightened

with the strong responsible enlightened

with the strong responsible enlightened state no matter how responsible and

state no matter how responsible and

state no matter how responsible and enlightened

enlightened

enlightened eventually they become corrupt

eventually they become corrupt

eventually they become corrupt eventually those states produce only

eventually those states produce only

eventually those states produce only extractive elites that plunder the rest

extractive elites that plunder the rest

extractive elites that plunder the rest of society those things eventually

of society those things eventually

of society those things eventually produce a rapacious structure that

produce a rapacious structure that

produce a rapacious structure that exploits their people so we sit here

exploits their people so we sit here

exploits their people so we sit here with two different views about how we

with two different views about how we

with two different views about how we run the world one place that exemplifies

run the world one place that exemplifies

run the world one place that exemplifies the success of this model of individual

the success of this model of individual

the success of this model of individual freedoms is of course the United States

freedoms is of course the United States

freedoms is of course the United States America has been so successful it is the

America has been so successful it is the

America has been so successful it is the land where rugged individualism

land where rugged individualism

land where rugged individualism it is the land where personal liberties

it is the land where personal liberties

it is the land where personal liberties allow societies to be entrepreneurial it

allow societies to be entrepreneurial it

allow societies to be entrepreneurial it has produced the most amazing

has produced the most amazing

has produced the most amazing technological toys that the rest of us

technological toys that the rest of us

technological toys that the rest of us gets to enjoy it is unrivaled militarily

gets to enjoy it is unrivaled militarily

gets to enjoy it is unrivaled militarily economically politically even if China

economically politically even if China

economically politically even if China today is already the world’s second

today is already the world’s second

today is already the world’s second largest economy China like the rest of

largest economy China like the rest of

largest economy China like the rest of these non liberal promised states are

these non liberal promised states are

these non liberal promised states are bound to fail

bound to fail

bound to fail America has a good story America has

America has a good story America has

America has a good story America has such a good story you and I and the rest

such a good story you and I and the rest

such a good story you and I and the rest of the world have made America our

of the world have made America our

of the world have made America our custodian the world’s Guardian America

custodian the world’s Guardian America

custodian the world’s Guardian America has an amazing story all the rest of us

has an amazing story all the rest of us

has an amazing story all the rest of us want to go to America to have this

want to go to America to have this

want to go to America to have this American Dream be our own as well we

American Dream be our own as well we

American Dream be our own as well we study hard we work hard we fill out

study hard we work hard we fill out

study hard we work hard we fill out forms some of us go to the extent of

forms some of us go to the extent of

forms some of us go to the extent of marrying American citizens just so we

marrying American citizens just so we

marrying American citizens just so we can get to America and lift that dream

can get to America and lift that dream

can get to America and lift that dream America has that wonderful story and

America has that wonderful story and

America has that wonderful story and that’s why no matter how successful

that’s why no matter how successful

that’s why no matter how successful China is this picture is not yet a

China is this picture is not yet a

China is this picture is not yet a reality it is still a joke that’s the

reality it is still a joke that’s the

reality it is still a joke that’s the world that we live in that’s the world

world that we live in that’s the world

world that we live in that’s the world that we you and I need to think about an

that we you and I need to think about an

that we you and I need to think about an idea to be reflected on and to act on if

idea to be reflected on and to act on if

idea to be reflected on and to act on if we want to continue to be prosperous and

we want to continue to be prosperous and

we want to continue to be prosperous and economically well-off there’s a problem

economically well-off there’s a problem

economically well-off there’s a problem with the picture that I’ve just drawn

with the picture that I’ve just drawn

with the picture that I’ve just drawn here America is indeed this wonderful

here America is indeed this wonderful

here America is indeed this wonderful cradle on the transatlantic axis of tech

cradle on the transatlantic axis of tech

cradle on the transatlantic axis of tech anomic and political success but is it

anomic and political success but is it

anomic and political success but is it true that the rest of the world in this

true that the rest of the world in this

true that the rest of the world in this narrative has failed

narrative has failed

narrative has failed here are four reasons I want to suggest

here are four reasons I want to suggest

here are four reasons I want to suggest to you this morning that the liberal

to you this morning that the liberal

to you this morning that the liberal promise doesn’t carry the whole story

promise doesn’t carry the whole story

promise doesn’t carry the whole story these four reasons are first the big

these four reasons are first the big

these four reasons are first the big what’s happening in China and Asia

what’s happening in China and Asia

what’s happening in China and Asia second the small what’s happening in

second the small what’s happening in

second the small what’s happening in Singapore both of these examples are

Singapore both of these examples are

Singapore both of these examples are examples who has strong responsible

examples who has strong responsible

examples who has strong responsible enlightened states provide the

enlightened states provide the

enlightened states provide the counterpoint to the liberal promise

counterpoint to the liberal promise

counterpoint to the liberal promise what’s happening in the big and the

what’s happening in the big and the

what’s happening in the big and the small then I want to tell you about the

small then I want to tell you about the

small then I want to tell you about the hundreds of other countries out there

hundreds of other countries out there

hundreds of other countries out there that don’t fit the model along the

that don’t fit the model along the

that don’t fit the model along the transatlantic axis and then finally I

transatlantic axis and then finally I

transatlantic axis and then finally I want to tell you about political

want to tell you about political

want to tell you about political legitimacy so let’s walk through these

legitimacy so let’s walk through these

legitimacy so let’s walk through these the rise of China all of us know has

the rise of China all of us know has

the rise of China all of us know has been the success story of the last half

been the success story of the last half

been the success story of the last half century how important has that actually

century how important has that actually

century how important has that actually been bankers policymakers international

been bankers policymakers international

been bankers policymakers international politicians like to talk about the

politicians like to talk about the

politicians like to talk about the world’s center of gravity that the world

world’s center of gravity that the world

world’s center of gravity that the world center of gravity of course sits on the

center of gravity of course sits on the

center of gravity of course sits on the transatlantic axis where the liberal

transatlantic axis where the liberal

transatlantic axis where the liberal promise was born and where continuous

promise was born and where continuous

promise was born and where continuous and full fruition so I calculated the

and full fruition so I calculated the

and full fruition so I calculated the world’s center of gravity

world’s center of gravity

world’s center of gravity according to economics this is a picture

according to economics this is a picture

according to economics this is a picture that illustrates that it shows that yes

that illustrates that it shows that yes

that illustrates that it shows that yes exactly as the liberal promise suggests

exactly as the liberal promise suggests

exactly as the liberal promise suggests for decades the world’s economic center

for decades the world’s economic center

for decades the world’s economic center set firmly in the middle of the Atlantic

set firmly in the middle of the Atlantic

set firmly in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean it set firmly on the transatlantic

Ocean it set firmly on the transatlantic

Ocean it set firmly on the transatlantic axis where the liberal promise was

axis where the liberal promise was

axis where the liberal promise was powerful but then something very

powerful but then something very

powerful but then something very peculiar has happened in the last 35

peculiar has happened in the last 35

peculiar has happened in the last 35 years in the last 35 years this was the

years in the last 35 years this was the

years in the last 35 years this was the economic center of gravity has started

economic center of gravity has started

economic center of gravity has started to pull away from his traditional

to pull away from his traditional

to pull away from his traditional moorings in the last 35 years the

moorings in the last 35 years the

moorings in the last 35 years the world’s economic center of gravity moved

world’s economic center of gravity moved

world’s economic center of gravity moved 5,000 kilometers three-quarters of the

5,000 kilometers three-quarters of the

5,000 kilometers three-quarters of the Earth’s radius across the surface of a

Earth’s radius across the surface of a

Earth’s radius across the surface of a planet eastwards towards us driven by

planet eastwards towards us driven by

planet eastwards towards us driven by the rise of China the rise of the rest

the rise of China the rise of the rest

the rise of China the rise of the rest of Asia and its continuing if this

of Asia and its continuing if this

of Asia and its continuing if this dynamic continues within our lifetime

dynamic continues within our lifetime

dynamic continues within our lifetime yours and mine the world’s economic

yours and mine the world’s economic

yours and mine the world’s economic center will no longer sit on the

center will no longer sit on the

center will no longer sit on the transatlantic axis the cradle of the

transatlantic axis the cradle of the

transatlantic axis the cradle of the liberal promise instead it will sit here

liberal promise instead it will sit here

liberal promise instead it will sit here in GMT plus 8 on the boundary between

in GMT plus 8 on the boundary between

in GMT plus 8 on the boundary between India and China but

India and China but

India and China but wait isn’t this just a function of sites

wait isn’t this just a function of sites

wait isn’t this just a function of sites isn’t this just how China has 1.3

isn’t this just how China has 1.3

isn’t this just how China has 1.3 billion people so of course when it does

billion people so of course when it does

billion people so of course when it does something it shakes the world it changes

something it shakes the world it changes

something it shakes the world it changes the world’s economic center well that’s

the world’s economic center well that’s

the world’s economic center well that’s not the only thing that happens because

not the only thing that happens because

not the only thing that happens because this is happening also in the very small

this is happening also in the very small

this is happening also in the very small Singapore to is a state that does not

Singapore to is a state that does not

Singapore to is a state that does not quite qualify under the liberal promise

quite qualify under the liberal promise

quite qualify under the liberal promise and yet for the last five years

and yet for the last five years

and yet for the last five years Singapore’s per capita income has

Singapore’s per capita income has

Singapore’s per capita income has exceeded that of the United States this

exceeded that of the United States this

exceeded that of the United States this tiny nation state where when we began we

tiny nation state where when we began we

tiny nation state where when we began we talked about the responsible state

talked about the responsible state

talked about the responsible state clearing unhealthy swamps that actually

clearing unhealthy swamps that actually

clearing unhealthy swamps that actually happened here and it’s gotten us to a

happened here and it’s gotten us to a

happened here and it’s gotten us to a point where today Singapore on an

point where today Singapore on an

point where today Singapore on an average per capita GDP basis is richer

average per capita GDP basis is richer

average per capita GDP basis is richer than the United States and this is

than the United States and this is

than the United States and this is happening not just in the Singapore’s

happening not just in the Singapore’s

happening not just in the Singapore’s and the China’s of the world the

and the China’s of the world the

and the China’s of the world the emerging nations in the world number in

emerging nations in the world number in

emerging nations in the world number in the hundreds all of them sitting outside

the hundreds all of them sitting outside

the hundreds all of them sitting outside the transatlantic access none of them

the transatlantic access none of them

the transatlantic access none of them fit the standard model of the liberal

fit the standard model of the liberal

fit the standard model of the liberal promise all of them are experimenting

promise all of them are experimenting

promise all of them are experimenting with different varieties of political

with different varieties of political

with different varieties of political states and capitalist markets all of

states and capitalist markets all of

states and capitalist markets all of them are trying out different things and

them are trying out different things and

them are trying out different things and here’s what they did for most of the

here’s what they did for most of the

here’s what they did for most of the 20th century through the 1980s the 1990s

20th century through the 1980s the 1990s

20th century through the 1980s the 1990s all of these hundreds of emerging

all of these hundreds of emerging

all of these hundreds of emerging nations when you add together their

nations when you add together their

nations when you add together their incomes they came up to less than a

incomes they came up to less than a

incomes they came up to less than a third of what the world’s seven richest

third of what the world’s seven richest

third of what the world’s seven richest countries basically along the

countries basically along the

countries basically along the transatlantic axis plus Japan what the

transatlantic axis plus Japan what the

transatlantic axis plus Japan what the g7 made but something very remarkable

g7 made but something very remarkable

g7 made but something very remarkable happened in the last 15 years last 15

happened in the last 15 years last 15

happened in the last 15 years last 15 years that gap has gone away the

years that gap has gone away the

years that gap has gone away the emerging economies have caught up the

emerging economies have caught up the

emerging economies have caught up the cradle that is the liberal promise no

cradle that is the liberal promise no

cradle that is the liberal promise no longer carries the only stamp of

longer carries the only stamp of

longer carries the only stamp of economic success in the world the only

economic success in the world the only

economic success in the world the only sustained the only sustained stamp of

sustained the only sustained stamp of

sustained the only sustained stamp of economic success the fourth thing I

economic success the fourth thing I

economic success the fourth thing I wanted to say is political legitimacy

wanted to say is political legitimacy

wanted to say is political legitimacy the transatlantic access in carrying

the transatlantic access in carrying

the transatlantic access in carrying forward the liberal promise has

forward the liberal promise has

forward the liberal promise has in the world’s Guardian it has told the

in the world’s Guardian it has told the

in the world’s Guardian it has told the rest of us how to live our lives let’s

rest of us how to live our lives let’s

rest of us how to live our lives let’s apply that principle of liberal

apply that principle of liberal

apply that principle of liberal democracy to the entire world suppose we

democracy to the entire world suppose we

democracy to the entire world suppose we asked the world to vote what it would

asked the world to vote what it would

asked the world to vote what it would like where’s the world’s greatest

like where’s the world’s greatest

like where’s the world’s greatest concentration of a simple Democratic

concentration of a simple Democratic

concentration of a simple Democratic majority well I did that calculation I

majority well I did that calculation I

majority well I did that calculation I went and I mapped 100 kilometers square

went and I mapped 100 kilometers square

went and I mapped 100 kilometers square chunks of land on our planet and I found

chunks of land on our planet and I found

chunks of land on our planet and I found out where everybody lives on this planet

out where everybody lives on this planet

out where everybody lives on this planet you I’ve got my eye on you and I napped

you I’ve got my eye on you and I napped

you I’ve got my eye on you and I napped this into the smallest circle that

this into the smallest circle that

this into the smallest circle that encompasses 50% of the world’s

encompasses 50% of the world’s

encompasses 50% of the world’s population and guess what that circle is

population and guess what that circle is

population and guess what that circle is centered in monk at Eastern yang ma it’s

centered in monk at Eastern yang ma it’s

centered in monk at Eastern yang ma it’s a circle 3300 kilometers in radius is a

a circle 3300 kilometers in radius is a

a circle 3300 kilometers in radius is a tiny circle that covers only 1/6 of the

tiny circle that covers only 1/6 of the

tiny circle that covers only 1/6 of the world’s land area and it is here in this

world’s land area and it is here in this

world’s land area and it is here in this maelstrom of different cultures of Asian

maelstrom of different cultures of Asian

maelstrom of different cultures of Asian values that the world’s simple

values that the world’s simple

values that the world’s simple Democratic majority sits and the world

Democratic majority sits and the world

Democratic majority sits and the world were ever put to of if it ever system

were ever put to of if it ever system

were ever put to of if it ever system global system never came to a vote and

global system never came to a vote and

global system never came to a vote and we asked what should the world look like

we asked what should the world look like

we asked what should the world look like it is this that should determine the

it is this that should determine the

it is this that should determine the future of the world let me finish

future of the world let me finish

future of the world let me finish I began by telling you about the liberal

I began by telling you about the liberal

I began by telling you about the liberal promise and it would be somebody crazy

promise and it would be somebody crazy

promise and it would be somebody crazy to suggest that one should prefer things

to suggest that one should prefer things

to suggest that one should prefer things over what the liberal promise gives us

over what the liberal promise gives us

over what the liberal promise gives us who would choose social repression over

who would choose social repression over

who would choose social repression over individual freedoms who would choose

individual freedoms who would choose

individual freedoms who would choose enslavement over liberty but what’s

enslavement over liberty but what’s

enslavement over liberty but what’s happened in the world is that nations

happened in the world is that nations

happened in the world is that nations fine they need to experiment with all

fine they need to experiment with all

fine they need to experiment with all kinds of different political and

kinds of different political and

kinds of different political and economic systems the world is not simple

economic systems the world is not simple

economic systems the world is not simple and linear the opposite of the liberal

and linear the opposite of the liberal

and linear the opposite of the liberal promise is not authoritarian

promise is not authoritarian

promise is not authoritarian dictatorship it is an enlightened

dictatorship it is an enlightened

dictatorship it is an enlightened collective action and in the actions

collective action and in the actions

collective action and in the actions that Asia has undertaken over the last

that Asia has undertaken over the last

that Asia has undertaken over the last 35 years we have revealed that it takes

35 years we have revealed that it takes

35 years we have revealed that it takes all kinds of melting pot mixtures of

all kinds of melting pot mixtures of

all kinds of melting pot mixtures of political and economic

political and economic

political and economic is to succeed let me conclude my call to

is to succeed let me conclude my call to

is to succeed let me conclude my call to action is this don’t be afraid be

action is this don’t be afraid be

action is this don’t be afraid be pragmatic do the highwire acrobatics

pragmatic do the highwire acrobatics

pragmatic do the highwire acrobatics that’s needed for political and economic

that’s needed for political and economic

that’s needed for political and economic development do it without the safety net

development do it without the safety net

development do it without the safety net and the security blanket that the

and the security blanket that the

and the security blanket that the liberal promise provides the liberal

liberal promise provides the liberal

liberal promise provides the liberal promise believes that it is the only way

promise believes that it is the only way

promise believes that it is the only way that societies can develop that liberal

that societies can develop that liberal

that societies can develop that liberal promise statement is also the liberal

promise statement is also the liberal

promise statement is also the liberal delusion don’t be afraid thank you very

delusion don’t be afraid thank you very

delusion don’t be afraid thank you very much

much

much [Applause]

[Applause]

[Applause] [Music]

”

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