house in the depths of the Ardèche
until now right here in front of
I grew up all the time in
gardens but not in any
garden in production gardens of
seed so the seed
it’s really the bedrock of our
civilizations
it is the bedrock of all agriculture and
it is also obviously the base of the
nature I do not know for you what is this
that it makes your word vibrate at home
seed but for me does that
means life more than fleeing it
means sharing is really what
it means it’s abundance and sata
bond years I want to show it to you
with a very simple example I think
that all here you have already eaten
lettuce lettuce if you take a
lettuce seed and that you week
she’s going to push her and if you
let finish his growth cycle
she will go to seed like on
the image on the right and after five to
eight months or so
varieties she will offer you between
five and ten thousand grain so we’re going
take 8000 to take a small
average and we will do a little
experience you are going to take these 8000
seeds and re sow them and reap at
again the 8000 seeds that all
those and all will offer you
and so on until the third
year and you will have in your possession
512 billion lettuce then you have
what to cover the entirety of the
Occitan region we kill them a little bit more
you do that another year and there
you can cover both
americas and africa whole you
do it until the sixth year
you have 262 trillion 140 4 trillion
of seeds of the study have at this stage
we agree it does not mean anything anymore
but it’s really to insist on
this abundance that nature offers us
from 1 to 6 you have 262 prayer
this abundance and this life that we
offer nature we knew we knew
coexist with her since pretty much
a little over ten thousand years ago that
agriculture exists
by harvesting from year to year the
best part of the harvest and in
receiving them the following year
and it’s obviously a very very
good way to have a
agriculture to have foods that
be adapted to the needs of humanity
but also adapted to the needs of our
environments need nature
unfortunately the industrialization of
our western societies did not
spared agriculture of course
which says industrialization necessarily says
standardization homogenization and
for a few decades anyway
we have selected the varieties
to clamp down on this abundance
bruce and this free and format the
varieties to no longer offer this
abundance we even went up
create monsters genetics of ogm
we’re going to hack them into the genes
so that the plants you their descendants
so that she can not
reproduce and where it was
botanically complicated to put
locks
we went to create frames
legal for patented life
or patent genetic criteria
so obviously such agriculture has
many consequences and I’m going
come in but the first consequence is
obviously biodiversity loss I
will talk about it a little later but
I still want to show you
an example right now because that’s
very blatant when France in the
60’s created what’s called
the eu can union for protection
plant varieties with a
handful of member countries so everything is
in the name
so we agree with the
globalization what happens to
the other end of the planet is happening
in our living room right now
you were going to India and you are walking
in the countryside where you could have
count two hundred and sixty thousand
rice varieties so it’s in the
the 60’s a it’s not old 260 thousand
rice varieties today if you
go in the Indian countryside you
will find about sixty
rice varieties
two hundred and sixty thousand varieties
lost and almost total control
industrial win in a few
decades only in europe
this industrialization of agriculture
she is a little older she dates
1800 mhz and a real boost has
been given to this industrialization
thanks to the last two wars they
have been a fantastic tool for
industrialists because of a setback of the
hand these two wars swept to the
times the peasant world that was growing on
very small surfaces enormously
of biodiversity cultivated enormously
of species thus favoring a great
cultivated but also wild diversity
what the small farms have
the tunes we have the trees we have a great
living on these farms and at the same
time these two wars allowed to
to legitimize a new agricultural paradigm
certainly false but realistic enough
on the moment so this paradigm
industrialization
in fact it was sold to the people of a
rather simple way is that after
after the war we had to feed
the masses of people who were going
to clump in the cities that was leaking
campaigns and actually how to feed
so many people who emptied the countryside
which no longer produced and well we
on industrializing by producing
tomatoes or zucchini from the same
way to produce pens or
tennis balls
is marked at the time second
agricultural revolution and this is by far the
most important revolution because
those who actually took over
this time of agriculture these are
the arms sellers these are the
sellers of death especially with the help
of a chemist who has been named prize
nobel of chemistry sir haber has
been the first to be able to synthesize
ammonia absolutely necessary to
big productions of bombs but also
absolutely necessary for production
synthetic fertilizer that we
still use at the moment
sir laberge also was the first
to create the first combat gases the
chlorine gas it’s very important to
understand that our current agriculture
is based on a death farming
it’s pretty hard to
to hear but that’s the reality and in
a few decades we went from one
peasant agriculture using
free seed
of a polyculture agriculture so
with the animals the fruit trees etc
1 an agro-industry with seeds
sterile
short farms and created for is
used by industry
in less than a century according to the fao
we lost 75% of biodiversity
grown forever forever a
pretty striking example how much is this
that you know of varieties of
tomatoes we’ll say a dozen or so
fortnight can be a bit more because
that it has become fashionable enough
tomatoes
these are more than 12,500
tomato varieties that have been
listed on the planet on time
current and every second we have
produces four thousand kilos of tomatoes
every second and its tomatoes come from
of just 500 hybrid varieties
f1 which almost all clones
strictly identical to the beginning of
agriculture
our food bowl was composed of
more than 4000 species per hour
current we barely exceed the
twenty we really lost a
big mass of biodiversity is before
all this industrial farming she
sets up systems of
totally dramatic desertification
and every second
it is 2000 400 tons of soles which
are eroded forever every
second
the equivalent of 60 semi trailer and
it’s quite logical in fact because
when we produce a kilo of tomatoes per
example or a kilo of zucchini
we waste between 6 and 18 kilos of soil
and we’re talking here only about matter that
disappears we do not talk about the lives of
soil of the fauna of the microfauna of
mycelium minerals and all that
who all they disappear or under
this industrial agriculture and for
take an example still quite obvious
do you know what is the animal
which is the largest biomass
because of its presence on the planet
what you have an idea is a
plowman an aerator a percolator
is infertile isere of soil and that’s
obviously the earthworm that
represents 80% of the animal biomass
with over 6000 species
and for good reason in a living soil
really alive with all the life that a
only one must have we will find by meter
square
350 to 400 individuals so a ton to 3
tons per hectare that will dig deeper
5000 kilometers of galleries so
the water will flow the nutrients go
flowing the soil will be airy yves
living beings thanks to these verses of
earth in one death you will have between
one and four individuals per square meter
400 times less in the best of
case
and obviously aeration of the soil
water retention capacity of
nutrient retention fertility
will be greatly diminished and the
desertification process
obviously totally accelerated and we
can not talk about desertification
not to mention the water 75% of our
freshwater resource on the planet is
consumed by agriculture does it
you have an idea of the number of liters
of water needed to produce a kilo
of red meat in France 13 1500 liters
and it is very little in the usa
the professor pimentel’s study estimates
between 70 and 100 thousand liters for one kg
red meat
in France we consume on average 25 kg
red meat per person per year is
350 thousand liters of water you can
let the faucet run all the way
for 20 days and 28 non-stop
before reaching this water quota in
to summarize a French
carnivores consumes 8 1250 liters of water
per day where a French
vegetarian consumes 3600 but in
both cases it is largely
too high compared to our
water resources available on the
planet
and to finish with lou the 75% of this
water consumed by agriculture are
anyway
archi polluted by this agriculture to
using biocides a biocide it’s a
ecological and social disaster everything
just bio that means life
sid it means death so the killers
of life that we have you have the
pesticides herbicides fungicides
all that ends up sid
again it’s in the name and
it’s in the history of these products that
are weapons weapons we
let’s use it wrongly
agriculture the consequences are
so serious is high that we do not
does not even measure them in fact
we simply have factors on
sees the bees disappearing all
the world has heard of that we see
birds that are slowly disappearing
aquatic life that are dying but we have
really hard to measure but what
is sure that the earth is left
to future generations because of
these products is a land anyway
relatively poisoned unfortunately
moreover it’s products that are
from fossil fuels and
the current time on the planet for
produce a calorie food one in
consumes 10 in fossil fuels and in
the more calories that are produced will
to be wasted for half because of
of food waste and we are going
use other calories for
recycle again so we’re in a
vicious circle
but I did not come today to
tell you there is a fire we are all
locked up there and we will not be able to
go out on the contrary actually there are
actually a fire and I’m here
telling you about it though
there is also a large water tank and we are going
to be able to extinguish the fire with there
full of the emergency exit with
big green arrows everywhere actually
where we can go out and its issues
rescue one of the emergency exits for
agriculture is called agroecology
quite simply
it is an agriculture in co evolution
with nature this agro ecology has
already proven itself everywhere on the
planet I travel a lot and we have
a lot of testimonials and we see this
that is happening
yields are higher the
earth and respect the animals are
respected the health of humanity is
respected
and you have a lot of techniques
which are encompassed by this agro
ecology and all the projects we see
really worked one finds that
it’s on small farms see
operating microphones because
take care of a farm of one hectare or
less than one hectare
it’s a challenge but it’s
achievable we will come to take
soil care ecosystems
bird insects of just about everything
in fact it’s really work but
it’s feasible on a farm of 1000
hectares of 2000 hectares or 3000
ha
it’s impossible it’s just
impossible so we have to revisit our
folly of grandeur and return to
small farms for really
to be in touch with this nature a
first techniques that I want
to show you it’s agroforestry
agroforestry in addition can even
be used on a large scale
in fact it’s pretty simple it’s
use the trees to make them
evo him and with our agriculture we have
a Western concept called the
competition but which do not apply
at all to nature we have an annoying
tendency to apply it also to the
nature but agroforestry is
really the proof that actually there is a
co evolution between two cultures of
fruit trees and a buckwheat field
for example as here
the weapons will go in search of
depth the water and go back up to
disposition of the culture – to go
look for nutrients minerals
will help drain the water during the
torrential rains and will avoid
erosion leaching of soils etc.
with the mycelium the cultures and the
weapons are going to communicate the weapons are going to get
serve as habitat for all wildlife
who will regulate the inverted commas
crop predators and biomass
brought by the arms will benefit to
culture so it’s really a
example in fact of a synergy between
two crops cut of 1400 trees
every minute
now he must replant his 2400 to
every minute using them in
stalking and culture we have everything to do
to win
you have another technique that
is called market gardening on living soil
and there is more material
organic soil that we consume
register the farm in a circle
virtuous with ever more life
always more soil
obviously the returns
its increase the quality increases and we
uses a lot less water but we are
really in a virtuous circle that
seems simple in concept it’s a
little harder to put into practice and
it requires a paradigm shift
is actually these techniques should
to be supported financially and
technically so that market gardeners
can fit into this circle
virtuous because it’s very very
positive for decades
some market gardeners do that and the
results are simply
breathtaking full of other techniques
are conceivable for the large ones
small farms for gardens
family city gardens you have
permaculture copy the example of the
nature l apply to our own life
it’s more of an art of living than
agricultural technique even if it was
still much denaturing these
last time we hear about it at
wrong and through but at the base it’s
really a very technique
interesting
you have microorganisms and
effective that will help clean up
the soils and to make the decomposition
more effective organic matter
finally you have a whole bunch of
techniques we have the tools to
develop a new agriculture
you just have to want it just
push his emergency exits help and from
go out to nature in fact everything
just what I want from you
say there you see my son in the process of
throw seeds he ‘s eight years old and I
want it to be a future I want that
what I wanted was more than
poisoned land and I think all
here we want to live
we deeply want to live and if
we want to live with all the hope and
the future that this word does anyway
reasoned for me the solution she is
summed up for me in a little sentence
that everyone knows we harvest
what we simply sow
and if you want to live you have to sow life
we must sow the life in the gardens
in the fields of peasants in the
fields of vegetables in our hearts
in our relationships
you have to put your life everywhere and
when in front of the big rascals like
I like to call them criminals
will bury us once again
remember all we are
seeds and that together with the
first rain will germinate to create
together a new paradigm based on
corruption with the land based on the
collaboration with our mother
Mother
thank you
[Applause]
”
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