eradicate extreme poverty in the
land for the year 2030 and paper
decisive that energy will play
Photovoltaic solar in this endeavor to
what we call extreme poverty
the world bank defines it as the
situation of living below 1.90
dollars a day
you do not understand very well that you have better
if we talk about the extreme deprivation of
basic human needs such as
lack of food
the lack of reliable drinking water the lack
of medical care sanitation
roof school information in the year
1990 lived on planets 5,300 million
of people of which 1,900 million
they lived in extreme poverty
one in three the year two thousand ten
years after the slow evolution
of that number
united nations launched a
initiative that called the objectives of
millennium eight goals the first of the
which will reduce this figure to the
half for the year 2015 in past that
date
we have good news have been fulfilled
most of the objectives of the
millennium and of course certainly the
figure has been reduced by half in a
world that is 35 percent populated
with more people than what was in the
year 90
the bad news is that there are still
836 million people living in
situation of extreme poverty that
It also corresponds very well with the
950 that are poorly fed with more
the more than 600 that do not have water
reliable drinking your house with the 900 that
defecate the 800 million outdoors
of illiterate and I also include here
the 1.2 billion people who do not
they have an electrical connection to their houses
well before this situation the year 2015
united nations decided to extend the
program now they call the objectives
of sustainable development
17 objectives with the horizon 2030 the
first of which is to eradicate the
extreme poverty of the earth for the
year 2030
the question is this possible 6th realistic
allow me to take you now in a
short trip in time that not in the
space because we stay in Bilbao
but we travel to the 1890 bilbao of the year
that my grandfather Pablo Galindez was born
probably some great-grandparents of
people from here and the bilbao of that time
it is presented to us as a city
thriving pleasant full development
economic only eight years ago that
Edison has illuminated the first street
Bilbao’s new york has made some
tests the following year in this same
solar that you see here where then it
built the town hall but the
reality is that the year 1890 there is no
bilbao electricity neither on the streets nor
in the houses and in fact bilbao bent
its population has gone from 30 thousand
60 thousand people and has
infrastructures to deal with this
situation the water supply is
scarce and deficient there are three thousand 900
taps in bilbao that service the
2 thousand 500 buildings that there is a tap and
half by building you imagine the
sanitation situation is still
worst
the old town has a sanitation
enohsa sewage dating from the century
16 and the new neighborhoods
san francisco bailén atxuri begoña no
have any kind of sewer or
the dirty waters flow down the street in
direction to the estuary
the health situation is dramatic
bilbao lives the last three decades
of the 19th century
an epidemic after another of typhus
measles virus outbreaks of anger
The numbers speak for themselves
Life expectancy drops from 38 years to
23 in Bilbao and we compare them now with
the worst countries on every continent
of the century in our time in 2016
infant mortality that is children
that live births do not exceed the age
five-year-old reaches peaks of
mortality of 600 per 1,000 in the
world is the situation that you see today
in Spain would be around the 4
per thousand of illiteracy in bilbao in
that time and in Spain and today is
comparable to the situation of the worst
regions of the world at this time
We can conclude that Bilbao as other
European cities of his time
lives or an important part of the
population lives in extreme situation
poverty
the situation is radically improved in
the first two decades of the 20th century
investment in water supply
in sanitation infrastructure
the arrival of letizia and especially the
economic growth make us leave
back that situation of extreme poverty
or becomes marginal and delivered
this example because it brings me
two reflections the first thing is not so
alien to us is not so far in
time comes out
the next is the question what is it
that makes us get out of a
situation of extreme poverty which is
what is the route well the ones
experts from the world bank’s oecd
they all agree on the same they all say
the same thing basically there is a relationship
direct on reducing poverty and
economic growth and they also do
a diagnosis of growth
looking for identifying obstacles to
this growth and among them the lack
of basic infrastructure and the the
access to electricity is in first
place and electricity is well understood
first we are allowed to extract the
water with electro pumps
this also has an effect e in the
role of the woman that not only now in
Sub-Saharan Africa if you have not
seen in the pictures he takes or are the
that handle logistics
water brings electricity to light
houses and schools allows us
operate the medical devices that
let’s have in the dispensaries
but above all I do not know
leads a subsistence economy to
another economy
dp industrialization allows us
refrigerate food and medicines
allows us to operate machinery in the
timber industry or industry
manufacturing and it allows us to load the
mobile phones that connect us to the world and
and to knowledge through the internet
Well, I think we can give a
optimistic message today the world in 2017
has the technology and the
financing to bring energy
electric to all corners of the
planet and do it at a cost without
precedents and it’s not a Chinese chimera in
2015 has achieved universal access to
the electric power in your in your
territory after 25 years of
titanic effort in which he has taken
of extreme poverty over 500
millions of people
the Indian who still has 250 million
of people without electrical connection what
will get
at the beginning of the next decade
Vietnam had 14% connected
year 90 reached 97 percent in
2010
we have a relevant problem in the
Sub-Saharan Africa where it is concentrated
half of the 1.2 billion
people in in Southeast Asia and
some bags still in
Latin America and in the Middle East because
people do not have access to energy
logically because networks
Power not reach their villages not
they arrive at their homes and be connected to
an electrical network is important because
allows us to have sources of
safe reliable energy of a cheap
easy way and that’s why
traditional policies of access to
the energy have almost always been based
in extending these power lines
everything possible
logically there is a cost process
marginal to the next kilometer is more
expensive than the previous
but this has been basically the
process that has been followed where not
you could extend islands or remote areas
the possibilities were reduced to groups
generators still mini-hydraulic
of course and solar energy
the groups of photovoltaic
generators have the problem first
of pollution but above all of
fuel logistics
Where the networks do not reach
electric misses all the chain of the
fuel and photovoltaic energy
has traditionally been expensive although the
law of photovoltaic solar energy is
very suitable for this purpose is a
Clean energy is very easy to
install and easy to operate is modular
say the same team gives service to
200 watts to pay 200 thousand kilowatts
they also have abundant fuel and
free
the equipment during practically all
life has first recording that
lasts a lifetime but had a
fundamental problem is expensive has been
good
today we can say that in 2016 that
process is already history
today photovoltaic energy competes without
subsidies with gas and with coal
2016 have seen tenders
amazing for the electrical world
for the big electric companies
where solar photovoltaic sites
as chili like mexico like dubai
offered unreachable prices for the
gas and for coal is unthinkable makes
only three or four years and no longer
we talk about the generators or
of the new nuclear than the photovoltaic
it beats them by a landslide but there is a
problem and that is that energy
photovoltaic does not generate at night
they generate little when it’s cloudy and there’s
to store and storage if it is
expensive
Well, this is another revolution that
we are living now in our time
because the electric batteries are
suffering the same process
cheapening that we have seen in the
photovoltaic and within four or five
years we will see storage
electric batteries at a cost of one
fraction of what we see today and also
this comes catali
On the other, he nominated himself for our time
which is the electric vehicle where
course the batteries is the element of
most important cost
good clear when we already have a
cheap energy and it is also storable
we already have another problem in the
access to energy is to say no longer
only in remote places can we produce
Acosta and very cheap we can
store and we can get rid of the
need to build make investments
faces to build lines of
transport and and it will take energy and and the
terms than those that those constructions
involves is not a little the phenomenon that
you live in the 90’s when we get rid of
the need for large computers for
handle large volume of computing or
of memory and we could do the same
service
just stacking small
computers like google did in their
first steps first data I think
what not if simply doing
connecting many fish and increasing
as I would like and where I would like
the computing power today either
we need to be connected to the thread
phone to have light asked
forgiveness voice and data or television with
4g we have it totally available and
with 5 g for the possibilities are
infinite
well it seems that we already have the
problem solved because we do not have it
resolved yet because the energy
photovoltaic and wind have a
additional problem and that is that you have to
pay them in advance
means this means that for
make a photovoltaic investment
you have to put all the elements on
first day very much like when
we are going to live in a house
it has to be built the first
day we can not pay
there are mechanisms instruments of
financing they do they call
mortgages that allow us to continue
paying the house while we go
living in photovoltaic energy
big is a very similar phenomenon
managed to use something called here
project financing and allows us
build large facilities and the
paying little by little the problem is that
the developing world
there are banks that often do not have
money
then how can we carry all
these investments to the people who do not
is connected but the bigger
is the problem because it is relevant is a
my calculation
basically we’re going to need about 500
gigawatts of power this is like two
times and a half the electric power
installed in Germany or four times the
Spanish what you have to install if
we want to be in 2030
with all these people connected and a
calculation and shallow are about 65,000
million dollars a year if the
we distributed evenly
this is out of range this is a
barbarity good then first it’s a
matches calculations that the
international energy agency that
did in 2008 still connecting with
with networks but it’s not there it seems so
crazy and then it’s in range with
the volume of credits that
multilateral world bank
all aid agencies
development is the world grant the year
or a quarter of this not in a way
that does not seem to be a problem
let’s say lack of resources or of or of
the possibility of carrying these resources
there are also good initiatives
public start-ups so that the
problem of Sub-Saharan Africa progress
faster almost all public g7 the
President of the United States
the previous clear general secretary of
united nations the european union are
all with programs determined to carry
this process forward
I would say that not only is the
Public Participation agreement
climate change in paris in the year
2015 also placed obligations on
countries to by the year 2020 have
100,000 million dollars dedicated to
the mitigation of climate change that
happens to some extent because the new
investments in the developing world are
do with means
I did not speak but I think it ‘s important
that civil society as well as
has made civil society and the islands
the private sector and organizations
non- governmental organizations get involved
decidedly because it is necessary
imagination innovation in the media
financial to make this be
possible and good I think that in that
company
in that race we are all of us
we have recently put a
initiative that is called here in which
a foundation in which the substitute
We provide electricity generation to
schools and health centers
other NGOs put on in the world
do not
and the question is not what can you do
thank you
”
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