66 million years ago a mountainous sized asteroid traveling ten times faster than
asteroid traveling ten times faster than
asteroid traveling ten times faster than a bullet from an assault rifle slammed
a bullet from an assault rifle slammed
a bullet from an assault rifle slammed in to the shallow seas covering what is
in to the shallow seas covering what is
in to the shallow seas covering what is now the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico the
now the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico the
now the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico the immense energy of that impact hurled
immense energy of that impact hurled
immense energy of that impact hurled rocks as far north as Canada and it
rocks as far north as Canada and it
rocks as far north as Canada and it vaporized the asteroid part of Mexico
vaporized the asteroid part of Mexico
vaporized the asteroid part of Mexico and part of the shallow sea well we had
and part of the shallow sea well we had
and part of the shallow sea well we had fireball full of vaporized rock and
fireball full of vaporized rock and
fireball full of vaporized rock and water rose far above the Earth’s
water rose far above the Earth’s
water rose far above the Earth’s atmosphere and spread over the planet as
atmosphere and spread over the planet as
atmosphere and spread over the planet as it cooled molten drops of rock about the
it cooled molten drops of rock about the
it cooled molten drops of rock about the size of a grain of sand solidified into
size of a grain of sand solidified into
size of a grain of sand solidified into an immense swarm of shooting stars the
an immense swarm of shooting stars the
an immense swarm of shooting stars the shooting stars we entered the Earth’s
shooting stars we entered the Earth’s
shooting stars we entered the Earth’s atmosphere and heated the upper
atmosphere and heated the upper
atmosphere and heated the upper atmosphere to a thousand degrees
atmosphere to a thousand degrees
atmosphere to a thousand degrees Fahrenheit standing at the ground the
Fahrenheit standing at the ground the
Fahrenheit standing at the ground the dinosaurs saw the blue sky become a
dinosaurs saw the blue sky become a
dinosaurs saw the blue sky become a sheet of red-hot lava the scientific
sheet of red-hot lava the scientific
sheet of red-hot lava the scientific artist David Hardy imagines the fate of
artist David Hardy imagines the fate of
artist David Hardy imagines the fate of the dinosaurs in this painting
the dinosaurs in this painting
the dinosaurs in this painting they broiled to death under the glowing
they broiled to death under the glowing
they broiled to death under the glowing skies the energy in the sky is like that
skies the energy in the sky is like that
skies the energy in the sky is like that in the globe are an electic oven if
in the globe are an electic oven if
in the globe are an electic oven if you’re dying to experience what the
you’re dying to experience what the
you’re dying to experience what the dinosaurs did when they died turn your
dinosaurs did when they died turn your
dinosaurs did when they died turn your oven on broiled and hop in the glowing
oven on broiled and hop in the glowing
oven on broiled and hop in the glowing skies started everything on fire great
skies started everything on fire great
skies started everything on fire great clouds of smoke rose into the upper
clouds of smoke rose into the upper
clouds of smoke rose into the upper atmosphere and black the Sun so that no
atmosphere and black the Sun so that no
atmosphere and black the Sun so that no sunlight reached the ground it became
sunlight reached the ground it became
sunlight reached the ground it became cold and dark photosynthesis stopped and
cold and dark photosynthesis stopped and
cold and dark photosynthesis stopped and plants and animals in the ocean or on
plants and animals in the ocean or on
plants and animals in the ocean or on the land either starve are froze to
the land either starve are froze to
the land either starve are froze to death the dinosaurs didn’t do anything
death the dinosaurs didn’t do anything
death the dinosaurs didn’t do anything wrong that
wrong that
wrong that their death it was just fate that an
their death it was just fate that an
their death it was just fate that an asteroid hit the earth and killed 70
asteroid hit the earth and killed 70
asteroid hit the earth and killed 70 percent of the species that we know of
percent of the species that we know of
percent of the species that we know of on the planet unfortunately in our
on the planet unfortunately in our
on the planet unfortunately in our lifetimes we may experience the same
lifetimes we may experience the same
lifetimes we may experience the same fate as the dinosaurs but I’m not
fate as the dinosaurs but I’m not
fate as the dinosaurs but I’m not talking about another asteroid collision
talking about another asteroid collision
talking about another asteroid collision I’m talking about a nuclear war a
I’m talking about a nuclear war a
I’m talking about a nuclear war a nuclear war would have many of the same
nuclear war would have many of the same
nuclear war would have many of the same phenomena that the dinosaurs experienced
phenomena that the dinosaurs experienced
phenomena that the dinosaurs experienced but this time it absolutely would be our
but this time it absolutely would be our
but this time it absolutely would be our fault
fault
fault fortunately there are things that we can
fortunately there are things that we can
fortunately there are things that we can do to prevent this from happening if you
do to prevent this from happening if you
do to prevent this from happening if you live in a city that has a military base
live in a city that has a military base
live in a city that has a military base there’s a missile that’s aimed at you
there’s a missile that’s aimed at you
there’s a missile that’s aimed at you right now if you live in a city that has
right now if you live in a city that has
right now if you live in a city that has an important industry a major university
an important industry a major university
an important industry a major university a large airport an oil refinery or oil
a large airport an oil refinery or oil
a large airport an oil refinery or oil storage facilities there is a hydrogen
storage facilities there is a hydrogen
storage facilities there is a hydrogen bomb that’s aimed at you right now we
bomb that’s aimed at you right now we
bomb that’s aimed at you right now we live in a perilous era there are 15,000
live in a perilous era there are 15,000
live in a perilous era there are 15,000 nuclear weapons on the planet and the
nuclear weapons on the planet and the
nuclear weapons on the planet and the nine nuclear weapons states are in
nine nuclear weapons states are in
nine nuclear weapons states are in conflict with each other the United
conflict with each other the United
conflict with each other the United States and North Korea NATO and Russia
States and North Korea NATO and Russia
States and North Korea NATO and Russia India and Pakistan we’re just one
India and Pakistan we’re just one
India and Pakistan we’re just one misunderstanding one mistake our one
misunderstanding one mistake our one
misunderstanding one mistake our one fanatic politician away from a nuclear
fanatic politician away from a nuclear
fanatic politician away from a nuclear conflict in the second world war fleets
conflict in the second world war fleets
conflict in the second world war fleets of hundreds or even a thousand airplanes
of hundreds or even a thousand airplanes
of hundreds or even a thousand airplanes were used Obama single city but with the
were used Obama single city but with the
were used Obama single city but with the invention of the atomic bomb only one
invention of the atomic bomb only one
invention of the atomic bomb only one airplane and one bomb was needed the
airplane and one bomb was needed the
airplane and one bomb was needed the Enola Gay carried one atomic bomb with
Enola Gay carried one atomic bomb with
Enola Gay carried one atomic bomb with the power of 15,000 tons of TNT and when
the power of 15,000 tons of TNT and when
the power of 15,000 tons of TNT and when it dropped that bomb on Hiroshima Japan
it dropped that bomb on Hiroshima Japan
it dropped that bomb on Hiroshima Japan a hundred thousand people died over time
a hundred thousand people died over time
a hundred thousand people died over time even more powerful bombs were built
even more powerful bombs were built
even more powerful bombs were built hydrogen bombs this 1960s airplane
hydrogen bombs this 1960s airplane
hydrogen bombs this 1960s airplane carried five Hydra
carried five Hydra
carried five Hydra and bombs the red and white things there
and bombs the red and white things there
and bombs the red and white things there and had the power of 500 Hiroshima bombs
and had the power of 500 Hiroshima bombs
and had the power of 500 Hiroshima bombs and of course the United States and
and of course the United States and
and of course the United States and Russia don’t just use airplanes they
Russia don’t just use airplanes they
Russia don’t just use airplanes they have intercontinental ballistic missiles
have intercontinental ballistic missiles
have intercontinental ballistic missiles with hydrogen bombs on them and they
with hydrogen bombs on them and they
with hydrogen bombs on them and they have nuclear submarines with missiles a
have nuclear submarines with missiles a
have nuclear submarines with missiles a single Trident missile submarine can
single Trident missile submarine can
single Trident missile submarine can carry a hundred hydrogen bombs with the
carry a hundred hydrogen bombs with the
carry a hundred hydrogen bombs with the explosive power of a thousand Hiroshima
explosive power of a thousand Hiroshima
explosive power of a thousand Hiroshima bombs knowing the power of the bombs and
bombs knowing the power of the bombs and
bombs knowing the power of the bombs and their targets we can understand the
their targets we can understand the
their targets we can understand the destructiveness and loss of life that
destructiveness and loss of life that
destructiveness and loss of life that might occur if these were ever used let
might occur if these were ever used let
might occur if these were ever used let us imagine for example that the United
us imagine for example that the United
us imagine for example that the United States attacks Pyongyang North Korea the
States attacks Pyongyang North Korea the
States attacks Pyongyang North Korea the capital with the smallest bomb carried
capital with the smallest bomb carried
capital with the smallest bomb carried on a Trident missile submarine 500,000
on a Trident missile submarine 500,000
on a Trident missile submarine 500,000 people about the population of
people about the population of
people about the population of Sacramento or Baltimore would die
Sacramento or Baltimore would die
Sacramento or Baltimore would die nuclear weapons kill people in 4
nuclear weapons kill people in 4
nuclear weapons kill people in 4 different ways in this orange circle
different ways in this orange circle
different ways in this orange circle there’s a shockwave so powerful that it
there’s a shockwave so powerful that it
there’s a shockwave so powerful that it knocks down concrete buildings and kills
knocks down concrete buildings and kills
knocks down concrete buildings and kills everyone within that zone in the red
everyone within that zone in the red
everyone within that zone in the red circle there’s radiation that’s released
circle there’s radiation that’s released
circle there’s radiation that’s released from the atomic bomb as it fissions the
from the atomic bomb as it fissions the
from the atomic bomb as it fissions the radiation would kill 50 to 90% of the
radiation would kill 50 to 90% of the
radiation would kill 50 to 90% of the North Koreans over the next few weeks in
North Koreans over the next few weeks in
North Koreans over the next few weeks in this green circle the shock wave
this green circle the shock wave
this green circle the shock wave continues out with enough power to knock
continues out with enough power to knock
continues out with enough power to knock down residential buildings and in this
down residential buildings and in this
down residential buildings and in this yellow circle 6 miles in diameter
yellow circle 6 miles in diameter
yellow circle 6 miles in diameter there’s a blast of light so bright that
there’s a blast of light so bright that
there’s a blast of light so bright that if your skin was exposed you get
if your skin was exposed you get
if your skin was exposed you get third-degree burns which can be fatal
third-degree burns which can be fatal
third-degree burns which can be fatal and flammable things like leaves
and flammable things like leaves
and flammable things like leaves newspapers and your clothes would burst
newspapers and your clothes would burst
newspapers and your clothes would burst into flames and of course if we attack
into flames and of course if we attack
into flames and of course if we attack North Korea they’re likely to attack us
North Korea they’re likely to attack us
North Korea they’re likely to attack us back if they use the same size weapon
back if they use the same size weapon
back if they use the same size weapon that we used and they’ve already tested
that we used and they’ve already tested
that we used and they’ve already tested one like this they could kill a hunt
one like this they could kill a hunt
one like this they could kill a hunt 50,000 people in this six mile diameter
50,000 people in this six mile diameter
50,000 people in this six mile diameter circle in Denver and these terrifying
circle in Denver and these terrifying
circle in Denver and these terrifying scenarios I’m talking about are just if
scenarios I’m talking about are just if
scenarios I’m talking about are just if each side uses one nuclear weapon but
each side uses one nuclear weapon but
each side uses one nuclear weapon but Russia and the United States each have
Russia and the United States each have
Russia and the United States each have 4000 strategic nuclear weapons that’s
4000 strategic nuclear weapons that’s
4000 strategic nuclear weapons that’s enough to attack each city with more
enough to attack each city with more
enough to attack each city with more than a hundred thousand people in each
than a hundred thousand people in each
than a hundred thousand people in each country with ten atomic bombs in a war
country with ten atomic bombs in a war
country with ten atomic bombs in a war like that 400 million people would
like that 400 million people would
like that 400 million people would probably die in the planet in China in
probably die in the planet in China in
probably die in the planet in China in Russia in Europe and in the United
Russia in Europe and in the United
Russia in Europe and in the United States but wait that’s not all
States but wait that’s not all
States but wait that’s not all I just been talking about the damage
I just been talking about the damage
I just been talking about the damage near Ground Zero that’s all the military
near Ground Zero that’s all the military
near Ground Zero that’s all the military considers in their war plans but there
considers in their war plans but there
considers in their war plans but there will be collateral effects remember that
will be collateral effects remember that
will be collateral effects remember that dinosaurs it was a burning forests that
dinosaurs it was a burning forests that
dinosaurs it was a burning forests that killed three-quarters of the species we
killed three-quarters of the species we
killed three-quarters of the species we know about on the planet and the same
know about on the planet and the same
know about on the planet and the same what happened after a nuclear war cities
what happened after a nuclear war cities
what happened after a nuclear war cities would catch on fire and burn it’s this
would catch on fire and burn it’s this
would catch on fire and burn it’s this damage the damage the military doesn’t
damage the damage the military doesn’t
damage the damage the military doesn’t even consider the damage this just
even consider the damage this just
even consider the damage this just thought of as an accident that might
thought of as an accident that might
thought of as an accident that might destroy human civilization even a war
destroy human civilization even a war
destroy human civilization even a war between India and Pakistan two of the
between India and Pakistan two of the
between India and Pakistan two of the smallest nuclear powers with only a few
smallest nuclear powers with only a few
smallest nuclear powers with only a few hundred weapons of a by the size of the
hundred weapons of a by the size of the
hundred weapons of a by the size of the Hiroshima bomb we might die as
Hiroshima bomb we might die as
Hiroshima bomb we might die as unintended consequences that the Indian
unintended consequences that the Indian
unintended consequences that the Indian and Pakistani generals never even gave
and Pakistani generals never even gave
and Pakistani generals never even gave us a thought about my colleagues Luke
us a thought about my colleagues Luke
us a thought about my colleagues Luke Oman and Alan robock calculated the
Oman and Alan robock calculated the
Oman and Alan robock calculated the spread of smoke after a war between
spread of smoke after a war between
spread of smoke after a war between India and Pakistan it only takes about
India and Pakistan it only takes about
India and Pakistan it only takes about two weeks for the smoke to cover the
two weeks for the smoke to cover the
two weeks for the smoke to cover the entire earth and it would rise to
entire earth and it would rise to
entire earth and it would rise to altitudes between 20 and 50 miles above
altitudes between 20 and 50 miles above
altitudes between 20 and 50 miles above the surface at those altitudes it never
the surface at those altitudes it never
the surface at those altitudes it never rains the smoke would stay there for
rains the smoke would stay there for
rains the smoke would stay there for years this farmer may be in Europe or in
years this farmer may be in Europe or in
years this farmer may be in Europe or in the United States but many thousands
the United States but many thousands
the United States but many thousands miles from Pakistan and India is looking
miles from Pakistan and India is looking
miles from Pakistan and India is looking at the smoky sky above him and down at
at the smoky sky above him and down at
at the smoky sky above him and down at the crops that have died in his field
the crops that have died in his field
the crops that have died in his field from lack of light and cold temperatures
from lack of light and cold temperatures
from lack of light and cold temperatures it’s estimated that in a war between
it’s estimated that in a war between
it’s estimated that in a war between India and Pakistan that we would lose 10
India and Pakistan that we would lose 10
India and Pakistan that we would lose 10 to 40% of the yields of corn wheat and
to 40% of the yields of corn wheat and
to 40% of the yields of corn wheat and rice for years afterward because of the
rice for years afterward because of the
rice for years afterward because of the bad weather the entire world only has
bad weather the entire world only has
bad weather the entire world only has enough food to feed the population for
enough food to feed the population for
enough food to feed the population for 60 days unless agriculture produces more
60 days unless agriculture produces more
60 days unless agriculture produces more food IRA halfan a member of the Nobel
food IRA halfan a member of the Nobel
food IRA halfan a member of the Nobel Peace Prize winning international
Peace Prize winning international
Peace Prize winning international physicians for the Prevention of nuclear
physicians for the Prevention of nuclear
physicians for the Prevention of nuclear war has estimated that 1 to 2 billion
war has estimated that 1 to 2 billion
war has estimated that 1 to 2 billion people would die after a war between
people would die after a war between
people would die after a war between India and Pakistan of starvation and
India and Pakistan of starvation and
India and Pakistan of starvation and after a full-scale nuclear war
after a full-scale nuclear war
after a full-scale nuclear war temperatures would plunge below ice age
temperatures would plunge below ice age
temperatures would plunge below ice age conditions we would be in a nuclear
conditions we would be in a nuclear
conditions we would be in a nuclear winter no crops would grow it’s
winter no crops would grow it’s
winter no crops would grow it’s estimated that 90% of the population of
estimated that 90% of the population of
estimated that 90% of the population of the planet would starve to death and
the planet would starve to death and
the planet would starve to death and civilization would be destroyed and no
civilization would be destroyed and no
civilization would be destroyed and no one would be safe not those in countries
one would be safe not those in countries
one would be safe not those in countries with no nuclear weapons not those in
with no nuclear weapons not those in
with no nuclear weapons not those in countries that didn’t participate in the
countries that didn’t participate in the
countries that didn’t participate in the war and not those on the other side of
war and not those on the other side of
war and not those on the other side of the planet from where the explosions
the planet from where the explosions
the planet from where the explosions occurred no one would be safe I bet
occurred no one would be safe I bet
occurred no one would be safe I bet you’re not getting a warm and fuzzy
you’re not getting a warm and fuzzy
you’re not getting a warm and fuzzy feeling out of this talk but we don’t
feeling out of this talk but we don’t
feeling out of this talk but we don’t have to just keep plodding on like we
have to just keep plodding on like we
have to just keep plodding on like we have been walking for disaster we can do
have been walking for disaster we can do
have been walking for disaster we can do things to stop a nuclear war and prevent
things to stop a nuclear war and prevent
things to stop a nuclear war and prevent global starvation and the end of human
global starvation and the end of human
global starvation and the end of human civilization in the 1980s politicians
civilization in the 1980s politicians
civilization in the 1980s politicians recognized dangers of a nuclear conflict
recognized dangers of a nuclear conflict
recognized dangers of a nuclear conflict and did things about it nowadays
and did things about it nowadays
and did things about it nowadays politicians don’t seem to understand the
politicians don’t seem to understand the
politicians don’t seem to understand the dangers of these wars and the younger
dangers of these wars and the younger
dangers of these wars and the younger generations hardly give nuclear conflict
generations hardly give nuclear conflict
generations hardly give nuclear conflict a thought we baby boomers had this
a thought we baby boomers had this
a thought we baby boomers had this drummed into us in grade school we were
drummed into us in grade school we were
drummed into us in grade school we were taught back in coverage rills and how to
taught back in coverage rills and how to
taught back in coverage rills and how to get under our desk and a hopeless
get under our desk and a hopeless
get under our desk and a hopeless attempt to of
attempt to of
attempt to of the nuclear explosion in middle school
the nuclear explosion in middle school
the nuclear explosion in middle school our mothers told us you can’t drink your
our mothers told us you can’t drink your
our mothers told us you can’t drink your milk anymore because the 500 atmospheric
milk anymore because the 500 atmospheric
milk anymore because the 500 atmospheric nuclear weapons test had poisoned the
nuclear weapons test had poisoned the
nuclear weapons test had poisoned the earth with radiation and the popular
earth with radiation and the popular
earth with radiation and the popular culture was dominated by radioactive
culture was dominated by radioactive
culture was dominated by radioactive mutants such as Godzilla which is a
mutants such as Godzilla which is a
mutants such as Godzilla which is a Japanese nightmare from Nagasaki and
Japanese nightmare from Nagasaki and
Japanese nightmare from Nagasaki and Hiroshima in the 1980s I worked with
Hiroshima in the 1980s I worked with
Hiroshima in the 1980s I worked with Richard Turco Carl Sagan Russian
Richard Turco Carl Sagan Russian
Richard Turco Carl Sagan Russian scientist and others to tell Mikhail
scientist and others to tell Mikhail
scientist and others to tell Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan about the
Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan about the
Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan about the dangers of a nuclear war
dangers of a nuclear war
dangers of a nuclear war we told him a nuclear war would cause a
we told him a nuclear war would cause a
we told him a nuclear war would cause a nuclear winter that could end
nuclear winter that could end
nuclear winter that could end civilization as we know it and they
civilization as we know it and they
civilization as we know it and they listened the Ronald Reagan said a great
listened the Ronald Reagan said a great
listened the Ronald Reagan said a great many reputable scientists are telling us
many reputable scientists are telling us
many reputable scientists are telling us that such a war could just end up in no
that such a war could just end up in no
that such a war could just end up in no victory for anyone because we would wipe
victory for anyone because we would wipe
victory for anyone because we would wipe out the earth as we know it and the Kal
out the earth as we know it and the Kal
out the earth as we know it and the Kal Gorbachev said model is made by Russian
Gorbachev said model is made by Russian
Gorbachev said model is made by Russian and American scientists show that a
and American scientists show that a
and American scientists show that a nuclear war would result in a nuclear
nuclear war would result in a nuclear
nuclear war would result in a nuclear winter that would be extremely
winter that would be extremely
winter that would be extremely destructive to all life on Earth the
destructive to all life on Earth the
destructive to all life on Earth the knowledge of that was a great stimulus
knowledge of that was a great stimulus
knowledge of that was a great stimulus to us to people of honor and morality to
to us to people of honor and morality to
to us to people of honor and morality to act in that situation in September of
act in that situation in September of
act in that situation in September of 2017 the United Nations passed a
2017 the United Nations passed a
2017 the United Nations passed a resolution banning nuclear weapons like
resolution banning nuclear weapons like
resolution banning nuclear weapons like landmines chemical and biological
landmines chemical and biological
landmines chemical and biological weapons have been banned
weapons have been banned
weapons have been banned unfortunately the nuclear weapons States
unfortunately the nuclear weapons States
unfortunately the nuclear weapons States want to ignore that ban and just plod on
want to ignore that ban and just plod on
want to ignore that ban and just plod on like they have been it’s up to us to
like they have been it’s up to us to
like they have been it’s up to us to wake them up before they sleep walk into
wake them up before they sleep walk into
wake them up before they sleep walk into a nuclear disaster what can you do about
a nuclear disaster what can you do about
a nuclear disaster what can you do about this talk to your political
this talk to your political
this talk to your political representatives tell them you’d like the
representatives tell them you’d like the
representatives tell them you’d like the Department of Defense to report to us on
Department of Defense to report to us on
Department of Defense to report to us on what would happen after a nuclear war
what would happen after a nuclear war
what would happen after a nuclear war they did this
they did this
they did this in the 1980s how many people would die
in the 1980s how many people would die
in the 1980s how many people would die in Korea if we attack them with nuclear
in Korea if we attack them with nuclear
in Korea if we attack them with nuclear weapons how many people will die in
weapons how many people will die in
weapons how many people will die in Russia China South Korea and Japan the
Russia China South Korea and Japan the
Russia China South Korea and Japan the countries that surround North Korea and
countries that surround North Korea and
countries that surround North Korea and what will happen if like every other war
what will happen if like every other war
what will happen if like every other war we have ever fought it does not go as
we have ever fought it does not go as
we have ever fought it does not go as planned and expands beyond North Korea
planned and expands beyond North Korea
planned and expands beyond North Korea and you should ask your politicians to
and you should ask your politicians to
and you should ask your politicians to stop launch on warning in launch on
stop launch on warning in launch on
stop launch on warning in launch on warning the American president can
warning the American president can
warning the American president can launch nuclear-armed missiles within
launch nuclear-armed missiles within
launch nuclear-armed missiles within minutes without consulting anyone using
minutes without consulting anyone using
minutes without consulting anyone using the nuclear football which is carried
the nuclear football which is carried
the nuclear football which is carried everywhere the president goes by a
everywhere the president goes by a
everywhere the president goes by a military officer in 1968 the United
military officer in 1968 the United
military officer in 1968 the United States and 190 other countries signed
States and 190 other countries signed
States and 190 other countries signed the treaty to prevent a proliferation of
the treaty to prevent a proliferation of
the treaty to prevent a proliferation of nuclear weapons in that treaty we
nuclear weapons in that treaty we
nuclear weapons in that treaty we promised to build our nuclear arsenals
promised to build our nuclear arsenals
promised to build our nuclear arsenals down to zero as soon as we could we need
down to zero as soon as we could we need
down to zero as soon as we could we need to keep that promise
to keep that promise
to keep that promise all of our lives may depend on it
”
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