[Music] when I say the word terrorism lots of
when I say the word terrorism lots of
when I say the word terrorism lots of different images will pop up in your
different images will pop up in your
different images will pop up in your mind and even though most definitions of
mind and even though most definitions of
mind and even though most definitions of terrorism neutrally agree the terrorism
terrorism neutrally agree the terrorism
terrorism neutrally agree the terrorism is the use of violence against the
is the use of violence against the
is the use of violence against the civilian population for a political
civilian population for a political
civilian population for a political purpose to induce fear still most
purpose to induce fear still most
purpose to induce fear still most definitions are never used in a neutral
definitions are never used in a neutral
definitions are never used in a neutral way and similarly when I say the word
way and similarly when I say the word
way and similarly when I say the word terrorist organization’ chances are
terrorist organization’ chances are
terrorist organization’ chances are you’re thinking about a small number of
you’re thinking about a small number of
you’re thinking about a small number of people hiding away in a cave in a
people hiding away in a cave in a
people hiding away in a cave in a basement and plotting maybe actually not
basement and plotting maybe actually not
basement and plotting maybe actually not irrationally out of hatred and
irrationally out of hatred and
irrationally out of hatred and fanaticism likely both well heist and
fanaticism likely both well heist and
fanaticism likely both well heist and the past 10 years study non-state armed
the past 10 years study non-state armed
the past 10 years study non-state armed groups these are organizations that are
groups these are organizations that are
groups these are organizations that are not under state control and they use
not under state control and they use
not under state control and they use violence to challenge it so saying
violence to challenge it so saying
violence to challenge it so saying terrorists insurgents militias and I’m
terrorists insurgents militias and I’m
terrorists insurgents militias and I’m convinced that we really need to dig
convinced that we really need to dig
convinced that we really need to dig deeper if we want to understand these
deeper if we want to understand these
deeper if we want to understand these actors their evolution and outer
actors their evolution and outer
actors their evolution and outer producing new forms of insecurity there
producing new forms of insecurity there
producing new forms of insecurity there are constantly affecting the civilian
are constantly affecting the civilian
are constantly affecting the civilian population so to start these groups are
population so to start these groups are
population so to start these groups are having a global impact but not all
having a global impact but not all
having a global impact but not all countries are affected the same way take
countries are affected the same way take
countries are affected the same way take a look at this map if you look in red
a look at this map if you look in red
a look at this map if you look in red you can see five countries Nigeria Iraq
you can see five countries Nigeria Iraq
you can see five countries Nigeria Iraq Syria Afghanistan and Pakistan now these
Syria Afghanistan and Pakistan now these
Syria Afghanistan and Pakistan now these five countries together in 2014 I
five countries together in 2014 I
five countries together in 2014 I counted for 78% of civilian casualties
counted for 78% of civilian casualties
counted for 78% of civilian casualties of terrorism so not all countries are
of terrorism so not all countries are
of terrorism so not all countries are affected the same way unfortunately
affected the same way unfortunately
affected the same way unfortunately India is also up there because in 2014
India is also up there because in 2014
India is also up there because in 2014 together again with Nigeria Iraq
together again with Nigeria Iraq
together again with Nigeria Iraq Afghanistan and Pakistan it was one of
Afghanistan and Pakistan it was one of
Afghanistan and Pakistan it was one of the five countries where 60% of
the five countries where 60% of
the five countries where 60% of terrorist operations were plotted or
terrorist operations were plotted or
terrorist operations were plotted or carried out
carried out
carried out so what is this telling us this is
so what is this telling us this is
so what is this telling us this is telling us that we need to understand
telling us that we need to understand
telling us that we need to understand beyond the news headlines the evolution
beyond the news headlines the evolution
beyond the news headlines the evolution of these groups to do so let’s start
of these groups to do so let’s start
of these groups to do so let’s start with grasping with a new word a word in
with grasping with a new word a word in
with grasping with a new word a word in which wars are happening less and less
which wars are happening less and less
which wars are happening less and less between states fought between soldiers
between states fought between soldiers
between states fought between soldiers on a battlefield and they’re happening
on a battlefield and they’re happening
on a battlefield and they’re happening more and more between states and
more and more between states and
more and more between states and non-state actors or between non-state
non-state actors or between non-state
non-state actors or between non-state actors themselves so in the process
actors themselves so in the process
actors themselves so in the process armed groups are becoming more important
armed groups are becoming more important
armed groups are becoming more important and not just that they’re learning they
and not just that they’re learning they
and not just that they’re learning they are adapting they are evolving I want to
are adapting they are evolving I want to
are adapting they are evolving I want to show you three ways through which this
show you three ways through which this
show you three ways through which this is happening evolution in economics and
is happening evolution in economics and
is happening evolution in economics and fundraising tactics evolution in
fundraising tactics evolution in
fundraising tactics evolution in communication and evolution in
communication and evolution in
communication and evolution in governance
governance
governance so first is pound raising we all know
so first is pound raising we all know
so first is pound raising we all know the traditionally insurgents rob banks
the traditionally insurgents rob banks
the traditionally insurgents rob banks or kidnap to make money but today armed
or kidnap to make money but today armed
or kidnap to make money but today armed groups are doing way more than that they
groups are doing way more than that they
groups are doing way more than that they invest in legitimate businesses like
invest in legitimate businesses like
invest in legitimate businesses like construction companies they make deals
construction companies they make deals
construction companies they make deals with criminal organizations to make
with criminal organizations to make
with criminal organizations to make money and they go as far as we found
money and they go as far as we found
money and they go as far as we found raising campaigns let me give you an
raising campaigns let me give you an
raising campaigns let me give you an example through Isis or ISIL or the
example through Isis or ISIL or the
example through Isis or ISIL or the Islamic state project whatever you want
Islamic state project whatever you want
Islamic state project whatever you want to call it but they are estimated today
to call it but they are estimated today
to call it but they are estimated today to be the wealthiest terrorist
to be the wealthiest terrorist
to be the wealthiest terrorist organization in the world
organization in the world
organization in the world two billion dollars now how do they make
two billion dollars now how do they make
two billion dollars now how do they make this money they sell oil they loot
this money they sell oil they loot
this money they sell oil they loot smuggle and sell Iraq and Syria
smuggle and sell Iraq and Syria
smuggle and sell Iraq and Syria archaeological artifacts but most of the
archaeological artifacts but most of the
archaeological artifacts but most of the money they make they make by Venus State
money they make they make by Venus State
money they make they make by Venus State they make through taxation they make
they make through taxation they make
they make through taxation they make through taxing those eight million
through taxing those eight million
through taxing those eight million people that live under their control at
people that live under their control at
people that live under their control at the same time they’re constantly
the same time they’re constantly
the same time they’re constantly thinking about found raising and they
thinking about found raising and they
thinking about found raising and they constantly do crowdsourcing campaigns
constantly do crowdsourcing campaigns
constantly do crowdsourcing campaigns for their supporters the second is
for their supporters the second is
for their supporters the second is communication the point here is armed
communication the point here is armed
communication the point here is armed groups have learned to talk to us so
groups have learned to talk to us so
groups have learned to talk to us so that we listen again think of Isis we
that we listen again think of Isis we
that we listen again think of Isis we all know they have a very strong social
all know they have a very strong social
all know they have a very strong social media campaign they send thousands of
media campaign they send thousands of
media campaign they send thousands of tweets
tweets
tweets every day and no Twitter is shutting
every day and no Twitter is shutting
every day and no Twitter is shutting down their comms so they’re free they’re
down their comms so they’re free they’re
down their comms so they’re free they’re all fleeing to telegram and even today
all fleeing to telegram and even today
all fleeing to telegram and even today there are hundreds of accounts one is
there are hundreds of accounts one is
there are hundreds of accounts one is for the news agency the ISIS news agency
for the news agency the ISIS news agency
for the news agency the ISIS news agency one sends you pictures on a daily basis
one sends you pictures on a daily basis
one sends you pictures on a daily basis what it’s like to live under the Islamic
what it’s like to live under the Islamic
what it’s like to live under the Islamic state and then there’s countless of both
state and then there’s countless of both
state and then there’s countless of both account to tell you for example how to
account to tell you for example how to
account to tell you for example how to counter auntie isis propaganda but it’s
counter auntie isis propaganda but it’s
counter auntie isis propaganda but it’s more than that isis is not in the media
more than that isis is not in the media
more than that isis is not in the media al sees is the media they have a media
al sees is the media they have a media
al sees is the media they have a media production company in the oven army an
production company in the oven army an
production company in the oven army an army of graphic designers an army of saw
army of graphic designers an army of saw
army of graphic designers an army of saw engineers and an army of cameramen these
engineers and an army of cameramen these
engineers and an army of cameramen these are just as important as the food
are just as important as the food
are just as important as the food soldiers and together they create a very
soldiers and together they create a very
soldiers and together they create a very strong branding campaign and finally
strong branding campaign and finally
strong branding campaign and finally governance governance is key here we all
governance governance is key here we all
governance governance is key here we all know that armed groups traditionally
know that armed groups traditionally
know that armed groups traditionally invest in work in their communities
invest in work in their communities
invest in work in their communities maybe they create healthcare clinics
maybe they create healthcare clinics
maybe they create healthcare clinics maybe schools what they do is they fill
maybe schools what they do is they fill
maybe schools what they do is they fill a gap left by the government in doing so
a gap left by the government in doing so
a gap left by the government in doing so they strengthen their bond with the
they strengthen their bond with the
they strengthen their bond with the population beyond violence a key here is
population beyond violence a key here is
population beyond violence a key here is provision of security and safety let me
provision of security and safety let me
provision of security and safety let me take you back to the rise of the Taliban
take you back to the rise of the Taliban
take you back to the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan and to understand that
in Afghanistan and to understand that
in Afghanistan and to understand that rise it’s impossible to do so if we
rise it’s impossible to do so if we
rise it’s impossible to do so if we don’t understand how they stepped into a
don’t understand how they stepped into a
don’t understand how they stepped into a context of civil war and insecurity and
context of civil war and insecurity and
context of civil war and insecurity and they offered order and protection to the
they offered order and protection to the
they offered order and protection to the civilian population Isis this very same
civilian population Isis this very same
civilian population Isis this very same the investing governance and by doing so
the investing governance and by doing so
the investing governance and by doing so they challenged what we think states
they challenged what we think states
they challenged what we think states versus non states are capable of this is
versus non states are capable of this is
versus non states are capable of this is war 3.0 and then there’s violence
war 3.0 and then there’s violence
war 3.0 and then there’s violence violence is not new and violence is of
violence is not new and violence is of
violence is not new and violence is of course of the core but mind you violence
course of the core but mind you violence
course of the core but mind you violence is used strategically not irrationally
is used strategically not irrationally
is used strategically not irrationally and it’s used to send different messages
and it’s used to send different messages
and it’s used to send different messages to different audiences going back to
to different audiences going back to
to different audiences going back to Isis in the territories they control
Isis in the territories they control
Isis in the territories they control they use punishments and repression to
they use punishments and repression to
they use punishments and repression to keep the population at bay to keep them
keep the population at bay to keep them
keep the population at bay to keep them from rebelling they also engage in
from rebelling they also engage in
from rebelling they also engage in defensive and
defensive and
defensive and offensive operations to protect that
offensive operations to protect that
offensive operations to protect that state project and to expand and then
state project and to expand and then
state project and to expand and then hold understand RISM a group like Isis
hold understand RISM a group like Isis
hold understand RISM a group like Isis uses international terrorism for many
uses international terrorism for many
uses international terrorism for many purposes to create fear to create chaos
purposes to create fear to create chaos
purposes to create fear to create chaos to disrupt their enemy’s society sense
to disrupt their enemy’s society sense
to disrupt their enemy’s society sense of normalcy but also to create divisions
of normalcy but also to create divisions
of normalcy but also to create divisions us and them and also to trigger an
us and them and also to trigger an
us and them and also to trigger an overreaction and simultaneously to
overreaction and simultaneously to
overreaction and simultaneously to project power and strength while
project power and strength while
project power and strength while deterring their enemy now mind you this
deterring their enemy now mind you this
deterring their enemy now mind you this is not just Isis if you go back a few
is not just Isis if you go back a few
is not just Isis if you go back a few weeks and you think of the tragic
weeks and you think of the tragic
weeks and you think of the tragic playbook of the Paris attacks well it’s
playbook of the Paris attacks well it’s
playbook of the Paris attacks well it’s very familiar to the 26/11 Mumbai plot
very familiar to the 26/11 Mumbai plot
very familiar to the 26/11 Mumbai plot what is in common terrorist
what is in common terrorist
what is in common terrorist organizations understand that by
organizations understand that by
organizations understand that by targeting soft targets and by insisting
targeting soft targets and by insisting
targeting soft targets and by insisting on mass casualties they can
on mass casualties they can
on mass casualties they can simultaneously project strength attract
simultaneously project strength attract
simultaneously project strength attract support and deter their enemy all this
support and deter their enemy all this
support and deter their enemy all this is really important to understand if we
is really important to understand if we
is really important to understand if we want to grab the sophistication and
want to grab the sophistication and
want to grab the sophistication and complexity is really the name of the
complexity is really the name of the
complexity is really the name of the game for disarmed organizations today
game for disarmed organizations today
game for disarmed organizations today this will also help us to understand how
this will also help us to understand how
this will also help us to understand how they attract support again Isis they
they attract support again Isis they
they attract support again Isis they attract supporters from many different
attract supporters from many different
attract supporters from many different audiences for many different reasons
audiences for many different reasons
audiences for many different reasons now in Iraq in Syria many join Isis
now in Iraq in Syria many join Isis
now in Iraq in Syria many join Isis because they need a job and being a
because they need a job and being a
because they need a job and being a fighter is one of the only jobs left in
fighter is one of the only jobs left in
fighter is one of the only jobs left in a country that is near ravaged by a
a country that is near ravaged by a
a country that is near ravaged by a bloody war others join because they want
bloody war others join because they want
bloody war others join because they want safety for themselves or for their
safety for themselves or for their
safety for themselves or for their families and this is the lesson again
families and this is the lesson again
families and this is the lesson again there is a vicious circle between lack
there is a vicious circle between lack
there is a vicious circle between lack of security at the personal and
of security at the personal and
of security at the personal and community level and recurse to violence
community level and recurse to violence
community level and recurse to violence and join in armed groups it’s related
and join in armed groups it’s related
and join in armed groups it’s related and then what accounts for foreign
and then what accounts for foreign
and then what accounts for foreign fighters from all kind of countries join
fighters from all kind of countries join
fighters from all kind of countries join a group like Isis there is not one
a group like Isis there is not one
a group like Isis there is not one answer but there’s a few things they
answer but there’s a few things they
answer but there’s a few things they have in common like seeking order
have in common like seeking order
have in common like seeking order seeking stability see
seeking stability see
seeking stability see in a sense of belonging and seeking to
in a sense of belonging and seeking to
in a sense of belonging and seeking to fulfill a sense of rightfulness now it’s
fulfill a sense of rightfulness now it’s
fulfill a sense of rightfulness now it’s very easy for us to dismiss it and to
very easy for us to dismiss it and to
very easy for us to dismiss it and to say this is incomprehensible this is
say this is incomprehensible this is
say this is incomprehensible this is irrational my mind you by doing so we
irrational my mind you by doing so we
irrational my mind you by doing so we will not get any closer to understand
will not get any closer to understand
will not get any closer to understand these groups and to understand how they
these groups and to understand how they
these groups and to understand how they thrive and to understand how they catch
thrive and to understand how they catch
thrive and to understand how they catch and attract supporters so my work is to
and attract supporters so my work is to
and attract supporters so my work is to study our groups through these allistic
study our groups through these allistic
study our groups through these allistic lens to study the revolution beyond
lens to study the revolution beyond
lens to study the revolution beyond geography and beyond ideology I think by
geography and beyond ideology I think by
geography and beyond ideology I think by doing this we can really broaden the
doing this we can really broaden the
doing this we can really broaden the policy focus because when we think of
policy focus because when we think of
policy focus because when we think of the rise of a group like Isis yes it is
the rise of a group like Isis yes it is
the rise of a group like Isis yes it is a global security challenge no it is not
a global security challenge no it is not
a global security challenge no it is not just a military one it’s much broader
just a military one it’s much broader
just a military one it’s much broader it’s about politics it’s about
it’s about politics it’s about
it’s about politics it’s about governance it’s about fairness
governance it’s about fairness
governance it’s about fairness it’s about representation now it’s easy
it’s about representation now it’s easy
it’s about representation now it’s easy to dismiss it’s easy to ignore and it’s
to dismiss it’s easy to ignore and it’s
to dismiss it’s easy to ignore and it’s easy to downplay when it comes to a
easy to downplay when it comes to a
easy to downplay when it comes to a group like Isis but this is a mistake
group like Isis but this is a mistake
group like Isis but this is a mistake we cannot make at least not if we want
we cannot make at least not if we want
we cannot make at least not if we want to win this fight thank you
to win this fight thank you
to win this fight thank you [Applause]
you
you [Applause]
”
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