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Innovation for social good: the case of the missing millions | Edward Duffus | TEDxWoking


this is Mira she’s my daughter she’s

this is Mira she’s my daughter she’s lovely isn’t she she’s 18 months old

lovely isn’t she she’s 18 months old

lovely isn’t she she’s 18 months old right now on second day after being born

right now on second day after being born

right now on second day after being born she was given one of these

she was given one of these

she was given one of these it’s her birth certificate it’s a legal

it’s her birth certificate it’s a legal

it’s her birth certificate it’s a legal document which proves she exists in the

document which proves she exists in the

document which proves she exists in the eyes of the law and the state we

eyes of the law and the state we

eyes of the law and the state we recently moved from France to the UK and

recently moved from France to the UK and

recently moved from France to the UK and it was essential that she had a birth

it was essential that she had a birth

it was essential that she had a birth certificate in order to get one of these

certificate in order to get one of these

certificate in order to get one of these a passport in order that she could

a passport in order that she could

a passport in order that she could travel with us now you probably don’t

travel with us now you probably don’t

travel with us now you probably don’t think too much about having a birth

think too much about having a birth

think too much about having a birth certificate you probably all have one

certificate you probably all have one

certificate you probably all have one I imagine you take it all for granted

I imagine you take it all for granted

I imagine you take it all for granted this is Ruby Ruby lives in Bangladesh

this is Ruby Ruby lives in Bangladesh

this is Ruby Ruby lives in Bangladesh when Ruby 4 tried to go to school she

when Ruby 4 tried to go to school she

when Ruby 4 tried to go to school she was denied access because she didn’t

was denied access because she didn’t

was denied access because she didn’t have a birth certificate fortunately her

have a birth certificate fortunately her

have a birth certificate fortunately her mother helped to register

mother helped to register

mother helped to register she got a birth certificate and she went

she got a birth certificate and she went

she got a birth certificate and she went on to school where she thrived

on to school where she thrived

on to school where she thrived fortunately at the age of 15 she came

fortunately at the age of 15 she came

fortunately at the age of 15 she came home from school and her father was

home from school and her father was

home from school and her father was waiting for her and he said that she

waiting for her and he said that she

waiting for her and he said that she wouldn’t go and continue in secondary

wouldn’t go and continue in secondary

wouldn’t go and continue in secondary education she was going to get married

education she was going to get married

education she was going to get married as is the tradition in Bangladesh and

as is the tradition in Bangladesh and

as is the tradition in Bangladesh and was a financial para tip for the family

was a financial para tip for the family

was a financial para tip for the family so what do you drew B do Ruby knew that

so what do you drew B do Ruby knew that

so what do you drew B do Ruby knew that her birth certificate was a legal proof

her birth certificate was a legal proof

her birth certificate was a legal proof of her age so together with some

of her age so together with some

of her age so together with some supportive teachers she went to a local

supportive teachers she went to a local

supportive teachers she went to a local government office where the local leader

government office where the local leader

government office where the local leader told the parents of the implications of

told the parents of the implications of

told the parents of the implications of child marriage she was underage she

child marriage she was underage she

child marriage she was underage she couldn’t get married thankfully the

couldn’t get married thankfully the

couldn’t get married thankfully the result of having a birth certificate she

result of having a birth certificate she

result of having a birth certificate she got out of that marriage went back to

got out of that marriage went back to

got out of that marriage went back to school I’m really happy to say that she

school I’m really happy to say that she

school I’m really happy to say that she graduated at the age of 18 and is doing

graduated at the age of 18 and is doing

graduated at the age of 18 and is doing really well so ruby was clearly very

really well so ruby was clearly very

really well so ruby was clearly very courageous and her birth certificate

courageous and her birth certificate

courageous and her birth certificate proving that she existed an illegal age

proving that she existed an illegal age

proving that she existed an illegal age help to get out that situation

help to get out that situation

help to get out that situation unfortunately that’s not the same for

unfortunately that’s not the same for

unfortunately that’s not the same for many many children in fact 290 million

many many children in fact 290 million

many many children in fact 290 million children around the world under the age

children around the world under the age

children around the world under the age of five do not have a birth certificate

of five do not have a birth certificate

of five do not have a birth certificate that’s 45 percent of children under the

that’s 45 percent of children under the

that’s 45 percent of children under the age of five around the world without a

age of five around the world without a

age of five around the world without a birth certificate it means that these

birth certificate it means that these

birth certificate it means that these children do not have access to basic

children do not have access to basic

children do not have access to basic services like health and education

services like health and education

services like health and education without a birth certificate it means

without a birth certificate it means

without a birth certificate it means that these children do not exist in the

that these children do not exist in the

that these children do not exist in the eyes of the law and the state and are

eyes of the law and the state and are

eyes of the law and the state and are therefore invisible to their state

therefore invisible to their state

therefore invisible to their state they’re therefore vulnerable to all

they’re therefore vulnerable to all

they’re therefore vulnerable to all forms of abuse and neglect like child

forms of abuse and neglect like child

forms of abuse and neglect like child marriage like Ruby or child labor the

marriage like Ruby or child labor the

marriage like Ruby or child labor the situation is even worse for people on

situation is even worse for people on

situation is even worse for people on the move like refugees and like

the move like refugees and like

the move like refugees and like internally displaced people for those

internally displaced people for those

internally displaced people for those children who don’t have a birth

children who don’t have a birth

children who don’t have a birth certificate they are the most vulnerable

certificate they are the most vulnerable

certificate they are the most vulnerable in such situations because they don’t

in such situations because they don’t

in such situations because they don’t have access often to assistance and are

have access often to assistance and are

have access often to assistance and are not able to cross borders

now I work for an organization called

now I work for an organization called plan international we’re a global child

plan international we’re a global child

plan international we’re a global child rights organization we’re based our

rights organization we’re based our

rights organization we’re based our international headquarters are just up

international headquarters are just up

international headquarters are just up the road and we strive for a just world

the road and we strive for a just world

the road and we strive for a just world for all children and equality for girls

for all children and equality for girls

for all children and equality for girls and we have a dream of universal birth

and we have a dream of universal birth

and we have a dream of universal birth registration universal birth

registration universal birth

registration universal birth registration as the name implies is that

registration as the name implies is that

registration as the name implies is that every boy and every girl around the

every boy and every girl around the

every boy and every girl around the world has access to a birth certificate

world has access to a birth certificate

world has access to a birth certificate so they can prove who they are and prove

so they can prove who they are and prove

so they can prove who they are and prove their legal age that international we

their legal age that international we

their legal age that international we believe that we should count every child

believe that we should count every child

believe that we should count every child because every child counts so what’s the

because every child counts so what’s the

because every child counts so what’s the situation like on the ground so we’ve

situation like on the ground so we’ve

situation like on the ground so we’ve been helping girls and children like

been helping girls and children like

been helping girls and children like Ruby in a number of countries I were

Ruby in a number of countries I were

Ruby in a number of countries I were present in 71 countries around the world

present in 71 countries around the world

present in 71 countries around the world and we working in birth registration for

and we working in birth registration for

and we working in birth registration for some 20 years this gentleman is called

some 20 years this gentleman is called

some 20 years this gentleman is called Simeon he works in the national office

Simeon he works in the national office

Simeon he works in the national office and births and deaths in Sierra Leone

and births and deaths in Sierra Leone

and births and deaths in Sierra Leone and I met him back in 2013 in in

and I met him back in 2013 in in

and I met him back in 2013 in in Freetown and I’ve been showing this

Freetown and I’ve been showing this

Freetown and I’ve been showing this picture ever since I wonder what you see

picture ever since I wonder what you see

picture ever since I wonder what you see in this picture or what I saw then and

in this picture or what I saw then and

in this picture or what I saw then and what I still see now is frankly a

what I still see now is frankly a

what I still see now is frankly a dysfunctional office this is the

dysfunctional office this is the

dysfunctional office this is the National Archive and the papers on these

National Archive and the papers on these

National Archive and the papers on these shelves are next to useless they serve

shelves are next to useless they serve

shelves are next to useless they serve no purpose full function you couldn’t

no purpose full function you couldn’t

no purpose full function you couldn’t search there as records for

search there as records for

search there as records for authenticated copy of a birth

authenticated copy of a birth

authenticated copy of a birth certificate for example in fact the in

certificate for example in fact the in

certificate for example in fact the in Sierra Leone the birth registration rate

Sierra Leone the birth registration rate

Sierra Leone the birth registration rate is around 50% 50% is not bad for Africa

is around 50% 50% is not bad for Africa

is around 50% 50% is not bad for Africa their African countries have a birth

their African countries have a birth

their African countries have a birth registration rate of less than 10% so in

registration rate of less than 10% so in

registration rate of less than 10% so in fact one could argue that the children

fact one could argue that the children

fact one could argue that the children whose birth records appear on these

whose birth records appear on these

whose birth records appear on these shelves in the National Archive they’re

shelves in the National Archive they’re

shelves in the National Archive they’re the lucky ones so what about the unlucky

the lucky ones so what about the unlucky

the lucky ones so what about the unlucky ones and the ones who are not registered

ones and the ones who are not registered

ones and the ones who are not registered so where are they well they are most

so where are they well they are most

so where are they well they are most often in rural locations rural locations

often in rural locations rural locations

often in rural locations rural locations where registration services can’t get

where registration services can’t get

where registration services can’t get down to them parents often have to take

down to them parents often have to take

down to them parents often have to take travel long distances a great expense to

travel long distances a great expense to

travel long distances a great expense to them to a district capital to register

them to a district capital to register

them to a district capital to register their children that’s very diff

their children that’s very diff

their children that’s very diff often the process is very complex and

often the process is very complex and

often the process is very complex and unclear so when they get there they have

unclear so when they get there they have

unclear so when they get there they have a document they need it have to go back

a document they need it have to go back

a document they need it have to go back and travel many times and often when

and travel many times and often when

and travel many times and often when they when they finally make it the right

they when they finally make it the right

they when they finally make it the right documents they’re faced with corruption

documents they’re faced with corruption

documents they’re faced with corruption is they have to pay over the odds as

is they have to pay over the odds as

is they have to pay over the odds as well there’s another interesting thing

well there’s another interesting thing

well there’s another interesting thing that we noticed in Syria that is

that we noticed in Syria that is

that we noticed in Syria that is although the birth registration rate is

although the birth registration rate is

although the birth registration rate is 50% the vaccination rate is over 90% so

50% the vaccination rate is over 90% so

50% the vaccination rate is over 90% so what was happening was the young

what was happening was the young

what was happening was the young children newborns were getting

children newborns were getting

children newborns were getting vaccinated at a very early age the field

vaccinated at a very early age the field

vaccinated at a very early age the field workers health workers were coming into

workers health workers were coming into

workers health workers were coming into contact with them collecting details

contact with them collecting details

contact with them collecting details about them including their birth details

about them including their birth details

about them including their birth details but these were not being passed on to

but these were not being passed on to

but these were not being passed on to the Civil Registration Department Civil

the Civil Registration Department Civil

the Civil Registration Department Civil Registration Department is responsible

Registration Department is responsible

Registration Department is responsible for the registration of births deaths

for the registration of births deaths

for the registration of births deaths marriages and divorces so that point

marriages and divorces so that point

marriages and divorces so that point back in 2013

back in 2013

back in 2013 I really felt we needed to help Simeon

I really felt we needed to help Simeon

I really felt we needed to help Simeon and help civil registrar’s like him

and help civil registrar’s like him

and help civil registrar’s like him around the world and also extend out

around the world and also extend out

around the world and also extend out birth registration services out to

birth registration services out to

birth registration services out to communities and I knew as a technologist

communities and I knew as a technologist

communities and I knew as a technologist we had the capability and the ability to

we had the capability and the ability to

we had the capability and the ability to do so so we started exploring different

do so so we started exploring different

do so so we started exploring different technological systems around the world

technological systems around the world

technological systems around the world pretty key and low resource settings to

pretty key and low resource settings to

pretty key and low resource settings to see what was out there and frankly I was

see what was out there and frankly I was

see what was out there and frankly I was really disappointed with what we saw

really disappointed with what we saw

really disappointed with what we saw particularly in low resource settings in

particularly in low resource settings in

particularly in low resource settings in the developing world we saw systems that

the developing world we saw systems that

the developing world we saw systems that were poorly designed did not reach out

were poorly designed did not reach out

were poorly designed did not reach out to the rural communities very difficult

to the rural communities very difficult

to the rural communities very difficult to use and in many cases countries would

to use and in many cases countries would

to use and in many cases countries would treat the civil registration and the

treat the civil registration and the

treat the civil registration and the systems as a one-off case so there’d be

systems as a one-off case so there’d be

systems as a one-off case so there’d be reinventing the wheel each country would

reinventing the wheel each country would

reinventing the wheel each country would make its own system to respond to their

make its own system to respond to their

make its own system to respond to their own needs but it wouldn’t respond to

own needs but it wouldn’t respond to

own needs but it wouldn’t respond to their needs yes so then we had somewhat

their needs yes so then we had somewhat

their needs yes so then we had somewhat of a sort of Rica moment and thinking

of a sort of Rica moment and thinking

of a sort of Rica moment and thinking about how we could help Simeon and all

about how we could help Simeon and all

about how we could help Simeon and all these unregistered children we started

these unregistered children we started

these unregistered children we started thinking about you know what if we could

thinking about you know what if we could

thinking about you know what if we could do something for them and for me this is

do something for them and for me this is

do something for them and for me this is the sort of innovation mantra what if we

the sort of innovation mantra what if we

the sort of innovation mantra what if we could so what if we could create a

could so what if we could create a

could so what if we could create a free system for all civil registrar’s

free system for all civil registrar’s

free system for all civil registrar’s around the world the systems which I

around the world the systems which I

around the world the systems which I mentioned these are all systems that

mentioned these are all systems that

mentioned these are all systems that governments have to buy a great expense

governments have to buy a great expense

governments have to buy a great expense what if we could create a

what if we could create a

what if we could create a standards-based system a system which is

standards-based system a system which is

standards-based system a system which is based on at one set of standards which

based on at one set of standards which

based on at one set of standards which is used across a number of countries

is used across a number of countries

is used across a number of countries what if we could create a system which

what if we could create a system which

what if we could create a system which was easy to use what if we could create

was easy to use what if we could create

was easy to use what if we could create a system which made health systems civil

a system which made health systems civil

a system which made health systems civil registration systems and national IT

registration systems and national IT

registration systems and national IT systems interoperable to gain maximum

systems interoperable to gain maximum

systems interoperable to gain maximum advantage from them so we were excited

advantage from them so we were excited

advantage from them so we were excited by this we you know we create a greater

by this we you know we create a greater

by this we you know we create a greater system we start talking to partners

system we start talking to partners

system we start talking to partners about how we could do that

about how we could do that

about how we could do that um I then started sharing the idea but I

um I then started sharing the idea but I

um I then started sharing the idea but I was met with a with a disappointing

was met with a with a disappointing

was met with a with a disappointing response and that was a lot of

response and that was a lot of

response and that was a lot of negativity the responses were something

negativity the responses were something

negativity the responses were something like how is your system going to respond

like how is your system going to respond

like how is your system going to respond to the legal frameworks in country how

to the legal frameworks in country how

to the legal frameworks in country how are you going to build a system which is

are you going to build a system which is

are you going to build a system which is going to be secure enough how how is a

going to be secure enough how how is a

going to be secure enough how how is a charity like plan international what’s

charity like plan international what’s

charity like plan international what’s the role of a charity to build systems

the role of a charity to build systems

the role of a charity to build systems for governments than developing world so

for governments than developing world so

for governments than developing world so far I would fail before we’d even

far I would fail before we’d even

far I would fail before we’d even started but then we try to spin this a

started but then we try to spin this a

started but then we try to spin this a little bit and think well actually we’re

little bit and think well actually we’re

little bit and think well actually we’re being challenged but because we’ve been

being challenged but because we’ve been

being challenged but because we’ve been sharing our idea in an open agile way

sharing our idea in an open agile way

sharing our idea in an open agile way actually we’ll just take that feedback

actually we’ll just take that feedback

actually we’ll just take that feedback and we’ll build it build it into our

and we’ll build it build it into our

and we’ll build it build it into our system so when we were challenged with

system so when we were challenged with

system so when we were challenged with it wouldn’t fit with legal situations in

it wouldn’t fit with legal situations in

it wouldn’t fit with legal situations in countries we said well we’ll build it

countries we said well we’ll build it

countries we said well we’ll build it according to all the legal frameworks or

according to all the legal frameworks or

according to all the legal frameworks or all the countries we know and future

all the countries we know and future

all the countries we know and future legal frameworks as well when we were

legal frameworks as well when we were

legal frameworks as well when we were challenged we couldn’t make it secure

challenged we couldn’t make it secure

challenged we couldn’t make it secure enough we decided well use best practice

enough we decided well use best practice

enough we decided well use best practice state-of-the-art security protocols and

state-of-the-art security protocols and

state-of-the-art security protocols and work with partners to ensure the systems

work with partners to ensure the systems

work with partners to ensure the systems private data remains private and

private data remains private and

private data remains private and confidential and we were challenged

confidential and we were challenged

confidential and we were challenged about plans role well we just responded

about plans role well we just responded

about plans role well we just responded while there are 290 million children

while there are 290 million children

while there are 290 million children unregistered then we’d make it our role

unregistered then we’d make it our role

unregistered then we’d make it our role to create such a system and would make

to create such a system and would make

to create such a system and would make it a reality

so we had a plan we would create open

so we had a plan we would create open CRVs open because it’s built on open

CRVs open because it’s built on open

CRVs open because it’s built on open standards and open source technology

standards and open source technology

standards and open source technology CRVs which is Civil Registration and

CRVs which is Civil Registration and

CRVs which is Civil Registration and vital statistics civil registration the

vital statistics civil registration the

vital statistics civil registration the registration of births deaths marriages

registration of births deaths marriages

registration of births deaths marriages and divorces and vital statistics are

and divorces and vital statistics are

and divorces and vital statistics are the population data which you can create

the population data which you can create

the population data which you can create from civil registration records I’m

from civil registration records I’m

from civil registration records I’m really pleased to say that in May this

really pleased to say that in May this

really pleased to say that in May this year we scraped together a little bit of

year we scraped together a little bit of

year we scraped together a little bit of money to start work on this because

money to start work on this because

money to start work on this because we’re the only ones who really believed

we’re the only ones who really believed

we’re the only ones who really believed in it and we started building we put

in it and we started building we put

in it and we started building we put some folks together including civil

some folks together including civil

some folks together including civil registrar’s and around the world in a

registrar’s and around the world in a

registrar’s and around the world in a room and we gathered together the first

room and we gathered together the first

room and we gathered together the first set of requirements and since May we’ve

set of requirements and since May we’ve

set of requirements and since May we’ve been building and two weeks ago and

been building and two weeks ago and

been building and two weeks ago and really pleased to say we were

really pleased to say we were

really pleased to say we were demonstrating a prototype of open CRVs

demonstrating a prototype of open CRVs

demonstrating a prototype of open CRVs at the UN in Bangkok in front of a whole

at the UN in Bangkok in front of a whole

at the UN in Bangkok in front of a whole number of countries from Asia in the

number of countries from Asia in the

number of countries from Asia in the Pacific and the overwhelming response

Pacific and the overwhelming response

Pacific and the overwhelming response was this is fantastic you’re building

was this is fantastic you’re building

was this is fantastic you’re building something which is going to be

something which is going to be

something which is going to be revolutionary and you should keep going

revolutionary and you should keep going

revolutionary and you should keep going which was fantastic so we’re gonna give

which was fantastic so we’re gonna give

which was fantastic so we’re gonna give you a sneak peak of what it actually

you a sneak peak of what it actually

you a sneak peak of what it actually looks like as we’re really proud of it

looks like as we’re really proud of it

looks like as we’re really proud of it and we think it’s a game-changer in in

and we think it’s a game-changer in in

and we think it’s a game-changer in in the in the space of civil registration

the in the space of civil registration

the in the space of civil registration and birth registration so I want to show

and birth registration so I want to show

and birth registration so I want to show you three views this is the view of the

you three views this is the view of the

you three views this is the view of the tablet application which is used by

tablet application which is used by

tablet application which is used by field offices way down in the field so

field offices way down in the field so

field offices way down in the field so this is facilitating birth registration

this is facilitating birth registration

this is facilitating birth registration within the community whether the birth

within the community whether the birth

within the community whether the birth takes place in a hospital a village

takes place in a hospital a village

takes place in a hospital a village clinic or at home the field officer here

clinic or at home the field officer here

clinic or at home the field officer here is they were equipped with this device

is they were equipped with this device

is they were equipped with this device able to visit the community and when

able to visit the community and when

able to visit the community and when I’ve indicated on the left hand side

I’ve indicated on the left hand side

I’ve indicated on the left hand side they’re all the vaccinations which have

they’re all the vaccinations which have

they’re all the vaccinations which have taken place so we integrate the civil

taken place so we integrate the civil

taken place so we integrate the civil registration system with a health system

registration system with a health system

registration system with a health system health system is saying these children

health system is saying these children

health system is saying these children have been vaccinated and we’re then able

have been vaccinated and we’re then able

have been vaccinated and we’re then able to register those children locally this

to register those children locally this

to register those children locally this is a view of a role in a district

is a view of a role in a district

is a view of a role in a district registration office so this lady is a

registration office so this lady is a

registration office so this lady is a certification clock and once the birth

certification clock and once the birth

certification clock and once the birth registration has been validated

registration has been validated

registration has been validated and registered an SMS gets sent out to

and registered an SMS gets sent out to

and registered an SMS gets sent out to the local community to the parent

the local community to the parent

the local community to the parent they’re informed that the birth

they’re informed that the birth

they’re informed that the birth certificate is ready to be collected the

certificate is ready to be collected the

certificate is ready to be collected the parent comes shows their ID card and

parent comes shows their ID card and

parent comes shows their ID card and receives their certificate so that

receives their certificate so that

receives their certificate so that removes this these multiple journeys

removes this these multiple journeys

removes this these multiple journeys that the parent has to make to and fro

that the parent has to make to and fro

that the parent has to make to and fro from the community to the district

from the community to the district

from the community to the district capital and finally this is the view of

capital and finally this is the view of

capital and finally this is the view of the National Operations Manager somebody

the National Operations Manager somebody

the National Operations Manager somebody like Simeon who has the role of

like Simeon who has the role of

like Simeon who has the role of administering civil registration of

administering civil registration of

administering civil registration of course Sierra Leone or now if you

course Sierra Leone or now if you

course Sierra Leone or now if you compare this with what he had you know a

compare this with what he had you know a

compare this with what he had you know a whole bunch of paper records that he

whole bunch of paper records that he

whole bunch of paper records that he couldn’t search now he has a means of

couldn’t search now he has a means of

couldn’t search now he has a means of identifying hotspots of registration

identifying hotspots of registration

identifying hotspots of registration capacity across Sierra Leone coverage

capacity across Sierra Leone coverage

capacity across Sierra Leone coverage rates increasing the ones well before me

rates increasing the ones well before me

rates increasing the ones well before me are in green in red those poor

are in green in red those poor

are in green in red those poor performing areas so we can take

performing areas so we can take

performing areas so we can take preventive action and actually be able

preventive action and actually be able

preventive action and actually be able to do his job properly as a national

to do his job properly as a national

to do his job properly as a national operations manager so it’s early days

operations manager so it’s early days

operations manager so it’s early days for us with open CRVs that we’re really

we’re really excited about what we’ve

we’re really excited about what we’ve done thus far we have a long way to go

done thus far we have a long way to go

done thus far we have a long way to go but we’re motivated every day by

but we’re motivated every day by

but we’re motivated every day by children like these who finally get

children like these who finally get

children like these who finally get their birth certificate and we believe

their birth certificate and we believe

their birth certificate and we believe truly believe that opens the obvious is

truly believe that opens the obvious is

truly believe that opens the obvious is a game changer in this in this space so

a game changer in this in this space so

a game changer in this in this space so we’ve learnt a lot on this journey I’ve

we’ve learnt a lot on this journey I’ve

we’ve learnt a lot on this journey I’ve tried to pick out a few points along the

tried to pick out a few points along the

tried to pick out a few points along the way and but every setback has in fact

way and but every setback has in fact

way and but every setback has in fact encouraged us to work harder and we

encouraged us to work harder and we

encouraged us to work harder and we believe in what we’re doing and we’ll

believe in what we’re doing and we’ll

believe in what we’re doing and we’ll make it a reality maybe maybe just at

make it a reality maybe maybe just at

make it a reality maybe maybe just at three points which I would share with

three points which I would share with

three points which I would share with budding innovators out there first is to

budding innovators out there first is to

budding innovators out there first is to not accept business as usual and

not accept business as usual and

not accept business as usual and certainly as a challenge we came up with

certainly as a challenge we came up with

certainly as a challenge we came up with many times secondly to challenge

many times secondly to challenge

many times secondly to challenge orthodoxies now an orthodoxy is when

orthodoxies now an orthodoxy is when

orthodoxies now an orthodoxy is when when you hear someone saying but it’s

when you hear someone saying but it’s

when you hear someone saying but it’s always been done like this that’s a it’s

always been done like this that’s a it’s

always been done like this that’s a it’s a key moment when you should think

a key moment when you should think

a key moment when you should think you’re probably on the right path to

you’re probably on the right path to

you’re probably on the right path to actually change and do something new and

actually change and do something new and

actually change and do something new and different

different

different and thirdly what I would say is if you

and thirdly what I would say is if you

and thirdly what I would say is if you have a vision and we had a vision for

have a vision and we had a vision for

have a vision and we had a vision for open CRVs if you have a vision

open CRVs if you have a vision

open CRVs if you have a vision particularly one which has the potential

particularly one which has the potential

particularly one which has the potential to change the lives of millions of

to change the lives of millions of

to change the lives of millions of children then you know as the marketing

children then you know as the marketing

children then you know as the marketing director of Nike once famously said just

director of Nike once famously said just

director of Nike once famously said just do it thank you

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