[Music] do you remember this picture februari
do you remember this picture februari
do you remember this picture februari 2011 two-time human champions of game
2011 two-time human champions of game
2011 two-time human champions of game jeopardy playing with a supercomputer
jeopardy playing with a supercomputer
jeopardy playing with a supercomputer called Watson and developed by IBM Ken
called Watson and developed by IBM Ken
called Watson and developed by IBM Ken Jennings on the left Brad rudder on the
Jennings on the left Brad rudder on the
Jennings on the left Brad rudder on the right and in case you haven’t guessed
right and in case you haven’t guessed
right and in case you haven’t guessed what sit in the middle well Watson beat
what sit in the middle well Watson beat
what sit in the middle well Watson beat the two-time human champions at the game
the two-time human champions at the game
the two-time human champions at the game jeopardy there were other times where
jeopardy there were other times where
jeopardy there were other times where they had computers and machines beating
they had computers and machines beating
they had computers and machines beating human champions as early as 1997 chess
human champions as early as 1997 chess
human champions as early as 1997 chess champions were beaten by supercomputer
champions were beaten by supercomputer
champions were beaten by supercomputer and more recently there’s a complex
and more recently there’s a complex
and more recently there’s a complex board game called go that machine’s beat
board game called go that machine’s beat
board game called go that machine’s beat the champions of that game as well so
the champions of that game as well so
the champions of that game as well so when machines started to win at this
when machines started to win at this
when machines started to win at this complex human games some people started
complex human games some people started
complex human games some people started to ask the question our machines getting
to ask the question our machines getting
to ask the question our machines getting as intelligent and as smart as people or
as intelligent and as smart as people or
as intelligent and as smart as people or machines that are even getting smarter
machines that are even getting smarter
machines that are even getting smarter than people are we all getting replaced
than people are we all getting replaced
than people are we all getting replaced by machines and our jobs are being taken
by machines and our jobs are being taken
by machines and our jobs are being taken away so I am here to tell you and give
away so I am here to tell you and give
away so I am here to tell you and give you three major observations that why it
you three major observations that why it
you three major observations that why it is about time that we move away from
is about time that we move away from
is about time that we move away from these comparisons of machines versus
these comparisons of machines versus
these comparisons of machines versus humans and move toward the idea of
humans and move toward the idea of
humans and move toward the idea of humans with machines you see the idea
humans with machines you see the idea
humans with machines you see the idea here is not to race against machine
here is not to race against machine
here is not to race against machine means the idea is to use machines and
means the idea is to use machines and
means the idea is to use machines and work with machines so that we elevate
work with machines so that we elevate
work with machines so that we elevate performance and enhance desired outcomes
performance and enhance desired outcomes
performance and enhance desired outcomes so observation number one working with
so observation number one working with
so observation number one working with machines humans can increase their
machines humans can increase their
machines humans can increase their flexibility in the work arrangements how
flexibility in the work arrangements how
flexibility in the work arrangements how many of you would like to have a very
many of you would like to have a very
many of you would like to have a very flexible work schedule how many of you
flexible work schedule how many of you
flexible work schedule how many of you would like to be able to work wherever
would like to be able to work wherever
would like to be able to work wherever you want to rather than go to a specific
you want to rather than go to a specific
you want to rather than go to a specific desk and a specific place to work okay
how many of you would like to pick your
how many of you would like to pick your projects that you work on how many of
projects that you work on how many of
projects that you work on how many of you would like to pick your customers
you would like to pick your customers
you would like to pick your customers that you work with if you gave a yes to
that you work with if you gave a yes to
that you work with if you gave a yes to any of those check these out these are
any of those check these out these are
any of those check these out these are digital markets for freelancing some of
digital markets for freelancing some of
digital markets for freelancing some of these are looking at a specific area of
these are looking at a specific area of
these are looking at a specific area of service you all have heard of uber have
service you all have heard of uber have
service you all have heard of uber have used over some of those focus on a wider
used over some of those focus on a wider
used over some of those focus on a wider range of professional services and some
range of professional services and some
range of professional services and some of them are really focused on leashed
of them are really focused on leashed
of them are really focused on leashed and expertise by the way if you’re also
and expertise by the way if you’re also
and expertise by the way if you’re also interested in generating additional
interested in generating additional
interested in generating additional income check these out because of the
income check these out because of the
income check these out because of the tremendous flexibility that they provide
tremendous flexibility that they provide
tremendous flexibility that they provide you can work part time or full time you
you can work part time or full time you
you can work part time or full time you set your own schedule you pick your
set your own schedule you pick your
set your own schedule you pick your projects you advertise your services and
projects you advertise your services and
projects you advertise your services and you set your charging mechanism hourly
you set your charging mechanism hourly
you set your charging mechanism hourly weekly monthly or fixed costs now
weekly monthly or fixed costs now
weekly monthly or fixed costs now flexibility in work arrangements are
flexibility in work arrangements are
flexibility in work arrangements are really important because some people
really important because some people
really important because some people like to have the option of generating
like to have the option of generating
like to have the option of generating additional income some people would like
additional income some people would like
additional income some people would like to be able to balance commitments to
to be able to balance commitments to
to be able to balance commitments to work and a career with commitments to
work and a career with commitments to
work and a career with commitments to family and community next way where
family and community next way where
family and community next way where technology can really help us humans can
technology can really help us humans can
technology can really help us humans can team up with machines and collaborate
team up with machines and collaborate
team up with machines and collaborate with machines to elevate performance and
with machines to elevate performance and
with machines to elevate performance and outcomes of work
this is particularly useful when humans
this is particularly useful when humans have as human beings of course we have
have as human beings of course we have
have as human beings of course we have physical and cognitive limitations this
physical and cognitive limitations this
physical and cognitive limitations this is teaming up with machines is
is teaming up with machines is
is teaming up with machines is particularly useful when we try to
particularly useful when we try to
particularly useful when we try to compensate or get around human cognitive
compensate or get around human cognitive
compensate or get around human cognitive and physical limitations how long does
and physical limitations how long does
and physical limitations how long does it take you to read a two thousand page
it take you to read a two thousand page
it take you to read a two thousand page technical book how much of what you read
technical book how much of what you read
technical book how much of what you read you can recall precisely six months
you can recall precisely six months
you can recall precisely six months later how long does it take you to keep
later how long does it take you to keep
later how long does it take you to keep focused and pay attention to reading a
focused and pay attention to reading a
focused and pay attention to reading a book before you get distracted tired or
book before you get distracted tired or
book before you get distracted tired or bored machines on the other hand they
bored machines on the other hand they
bored machines on the other hand they can consume thousands and thousands of
can consume thousands and thousands of
can consume thousands and thousands of pages of text per second while they’re
pages of text per second while they’re
pages of text per second while they’re going to recall everything precisely
going to recall everything precisely
going to recall everything precisely forever so limitations in cognitive and
forever so limitations in cognitive and
forever so limitations in cognitive and physical abilities of humans can
physical abilities of humans can
physical abilities of humans can negatively impact the performance let me
negatively impact the performance let me
negatively impact the performance let me give you an example there are estimates
give you an example there are estimates
give you an example there are estimates that up to twenty percent up to twenty
that up to twenty percent up to twenty
that up to twenty percent up to twenty percent of medical diagnoses are either
percent of medical diagnoses are either
percent of medical diagnoses are either wrong or incomplete so as you can see
wrong or incomplete so as you can see
wrong or incomplete so as you can see some of these errors can be very costly
some of these errors can be very costly
some of these errors can be very costly and very dangerous at times let me tell
and very dangerous at times let me tell
and very dangerous at times let me tell you why and how this happens the amount
you why and how this happens the amount
you why and how this happens the amount of medical information that is available
of medical information that is available
of medical information that is available nowadays is vast and this amount of
nowadays is vast and this amount of
nowadays is vast and this amount of medical information is increasing at a
medical information is increasing at a
medical information is increasing at a very fast rate on a daily
very fast rate on a daily
very fast rate on a daily basis there are estimates that about
basis there are estimates that about
basis there are estimates that about 8,000 research papers are published on a
8,000 research papers are published on a
8,000 research papers are published on a daily basis so think about it it’s
daily basis so think about it it’s
daily basis so think about it it’s humanly impossible to keep all that
humanly impossible to keep all that
humanly impossible to keep all that information and all the changes to that
information and all the changes to that
information and all the changes to that information in one’s head as a physician
information in one’s head as a physician
information in one’s head as a physician now think about a scenario where the
now think about a scenario where the
now think about a scenario where the physician is faced with a very
physician is faced with a very
physician is faced with a very complicated case with a very long and
complicated case with a very long and
complicated case with a very long and complicated history of the patient and
complicated history of the patient and
complicated history of the patient and is working under time pressure it is
is working under time pressure it is
is working under time pressure it is very likely that he or she may not
very likely that he or she may not
very likely that he or she may not remember a particular piece of
remember a particular piece of
remember a particular piece of information medical information it’s
information medical information it’s
information medical information it’s likely that he or she may not recall a
likely that he or she may not recall a
likely that he or she may not recall a specific item of information from the
specific item of information from the
specific item of information from the patient’s history it is likely that he
patient’s history it is likely that he
patient’s history it is likely that he or she might not have had an opportunity
or she might not have had an opportunity
or she might not have had an opportunity to figure out the very latest research
to figure out the very latest research
to figure out the very latest research by finding about that particular case
by finding about that particular case
by finding about that particular case and all of those could lead to
and all of those could lead to
and all of those could lead to misdiagnosis or an incomplete diagnosis
misdiagnosis or an incomplete diagnosis
misdiagnosis or an incomplete diagnosis now think about a different scenario
now think about a different scenario
now think about a different scenario where the physician has a machine where
where the physician has a machine where
where the physician has a machine where the machine has all the knowledge and
the machine has all the knowledge and
the machine has all the knowledge and information medical information the
information medical information the
information medical information the machine has the complete history of the
machine has the complete history of the
machine has the complete history of the patient and all the other similar cases
patient and all the other similar cases
patient and all the other similar cases the machine has all the symptoms that
the machine has all the symptoms that
the machine has all the symptoms that are expressed by the patient based on
are expressed by the patient based on
are expressed by the patient based on all of that information the machine can
all of that information the machine can
all of that information the machine can come up and make suggestions on a number
come up and make suggestions on a number
come up and make suggestions on a number of diagnoses to the physician and the
of diagnoses to the physician and the
of diagnoses to the physician and the physician based on his or her judgment
physician based on his or her judgment
physician based on his or her judgment can pick one an entirely different
can pick one an entirely different
can pick one an entirely different scenario so teaming up and working with
scenario so teaming up and working with
scenario so teaming up and working with machines can in fact enhance performance
machines can in fact enhance performance
machines can in fact enhance performance now I want to give you another example T
now I want to give you another example T
now I want to give you another example T coming up with machines and
coming up with machines and
coming up with machines and collaborating with machines that can
collaborating with machines that can
collaborating with machines that can really bring about new ideas and
really bring about new ideas and
really bring about new ideas and innovative solutions you know nowadays
innovative solutions you know nowadays
innovative solutions you know nowadays you’re all about innovation right and
you’re all about innovation right and
you’re all about innovation right and perhaps the best way of demonstrating
perhaps the best way of demonstrating
perhaps the best way of demonstrating that is through an example a simple but
that is through an example a simple but
that is through an example a simple but interesting example a number of chefs
interesting example a number of chefs
interesting example a number of chefs started to feed Watson the same computer
started to feed Watson the same computer
started to feed Watson the same computer that played jeopardy they started
that played jeopardy they started
that played jeopardy they started feeding Watson with thousands and
feeding Watson with thousands and
feeding Watson with thousands and thousands of recipes ingredients and
thousands of recipes ingredients and
thousands of recipes ingredients and various combination of food flavor so
various combination of food flavor so
various combination of food flavor so using that information analyzing that
using that information analyzing that
using that information analyzing that information when someone would give
information when someone would give
information when someone would give Watson a food category and a main
Watson a food category and a main
Watson a food category and a main ingredient let’s say dessert and
ingredient let’s say dessert and
ingredient let’s say dessert and chocolate Watson would come up with a
chocolate Watson would come up with a
chocolate Watson would come up with a new recipe a new dessert recipe that had
new recipe a new dessert recipe that had
new recipe a new dessert recipe that had chocolate as the main ingredient but it
chocolate as the main ingredient but it
chocolate as the main ingredient but it would also have all kinds of new
would also have all kinds of new
would also have all kinds of new ingredients and new flavors now you
ingredients and new flavors now you
ingredients and new flavors now you don’t have to worry about Watson taking
don’t have to worry about Watson taking
don’t have to worry about Watson taking over your kitchens yet although I wish
over your kitchens yet although I wish
over your kitchens yet although I wish it would overtake over my kitchen but
it would overtake over my kitchen but
it would overtake over my kitchen but Watson and the chef’s they have
Watson and the chef’s they have
Watson and the chef’s they have collaborated and they came up with this
collaborated and they came up with this
collaborated and they came up with this recipe book you can purchase this on
recipe book you can purchase this on
recipe book you can purchase this on Amazon another way that machines can
Amazon another way that machines can
Amazon another way that machines can work with humans is we can learn with
work with humans is we can learn with
work with humans is we can learn with machines there is so much and so many
machines there is so much and so many
machines there is so much and so many online courses training videos
online courses training videos
online courses training videos searchable online information available
searchable online information available
searchable online information available globally these are some sources where
globally these are some sources where
globally these are some sources where you can get some of the
you can get some of the
you can get some of the available online courses free in
available online courses free in
available online courses free in addition to these all universities most
addition to these all universities most
addition to these all universities most of them in the US have free online
of them in the US have free online
of them in the US have free online courses and these courses cover subjects
courses and these courses cover subjects
courses and these courses cover subjects from A to Z just about the last item on
from A to Z just about the last item on
from A to Z just about the last item on the list is called course benefit that
the list is called course benefit that
the list is called course benefit that really is a catalog and organize catalog
really is a catalog and organize catalog
really is a catalog and organize catalog of all various courses that are offered
of all various courses that are offered
of all various courses that are offered by about 250 universities in the u.s. a
by about 250 universities in the u.s. a
by about 250 universities in the u.s. a good source to go to also machines can
good source to go to also machines can
good source to go to also machines can play the role of a tireless always
play the role of a tireless always
play the role of a tireless always available and very patient tutor with
available and very patient tutor with
available and very patient tutor with students for example they can give
students for example they can give
students for example they can give helpful hint when the human learner gets
helpful hint when the human learner gets
helpful hint when the human learner gets stuck on solving a problem or they can
stuck on solving a problem or they can
stuck on solving a problem or they can explain and answer questions and based
explain and answer questions and based
explain and answer questions and based on the students performance on a an exam
on the students performance on a an exam
on the students performance on a an exam or a quiz they can actually provide
or a quiz they can actually provide
or a quiz they can actually provide explanations again there are lots of
explanations again there are lots of
explanations again there are lots of intelligent tutors for a variety of
intelligent tutors for a variety of
intelligent tutors for a variety of subjects math physics computer science
subjects math physics computer science
subjects math physics computer science chemistry etc now as more and more
chemistry etc now as more and more
chemistry etc now as more and more people get online and start learning
people get online and start learning
people get online and start learning online we are collecting data that could
online we are collecting data that could
online we are collecting data that could be later analyzed so that we can design
be later analyzed so that we can design
be later analyzed so that we can design even more personalized learning support
even more personalized learning support
even more personalized learning support systems for people so in conclusion I
systems for people so in conclusion I
systems for people so in conclusion I have identified three ways for you
have identified three ways for you
have identified three ways for you increase flexibility of your work
increase flexibility of your work
increase flexibility of your work arrangements by going into these digital
arrangements by going into these digital
arrangements by going into these digital freelance markets for additional income
freelance markets for additional income
freelance markets for additional income or just by flexibility in the work
or just by flexibility in the work
or just by flexibility in the work arrangements I have suggested that you
arrangements I have suggested that you
arrangements I have suggested that you can team up with computers instead of
can team up with computers instead of
can team up with computers instead of racing against machines so that the
racing against machines so that the
racing against machines so that the performance is elevated and the desired
performance is elevated and the desired
performance is elevated and the desired outcomes are enhanced and I have
outcomes are enhanced and I have
outcomes are enhanced and I have suggested ways that we can work with
suggested ways that we can work with
suggested ways that we can work with machines to learn you see machines are
machines to learn you see machines are
machines to learn you see machines are consistent and tireless and seemingly
consistent and tireless and seemingly
consistent and tireless and seemingly have limitless information processing
have limitless information processing
have limitless information processing and memory capacity and the other hands
and memory capacity and the other hands
and memory capacity and the other hands humans have cognitive flexibility they
humans have cognitive flexibility they
humans have cognitive flexibility they are self-aware and they are emotionally
are self-aware and they are emotionally
are self-aware and they are emotionally intelligent what an amazing combination
intelligent what an amazing combination
intelligent what an amazing combination human with machines makes thank
human with machines makes thank
human with machines makes thank [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
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