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How to Really Help Refugees | Emily Arnold-Fernández | TEDxUCDavisSF


[Music]

[Music] we see images like this we hear stories

we see images like this we hear stories

we see images like this we hear stories about refugees in our news almost every

about refugees in our news almost every

about refugees in our news almost every day but there are some parts of the

day but there are some parts of the

day but there are some parts of the story that we don’t hear as often

story that we don’t hear as often

story that we don’t hear as often several years ago

several years ago

several years ago I met a young refugee very much like

I met a young refugee very much like

I met a young refugee very much like this young man shown here I’ll call him

this young man shown here I’ll call him

this young man shown here I’ll call him Jenna he was 21 I met him when he was 10

Jenna he was 21 I met him when he was 10

Jenna he was 21 I met him when he was 10 he fled the Civil War in his home

he fled the Civil War in his home

he fled the Civil War in his home country Liberia so he’d been a refugee

country Liberia so he’d been a refugee

country Liberia so he’d been a refugee for half his life we were in Egypt at

for half his life we were in Egypt at

for half his life we were in Egypt at the time and as a refugee in Egypt Jenna

the time and as a refugee in Egypt Jenna

the time and as a refugee in Egypt Jenna couldn’t go to school he couldn’t work

couldn’t go to school he couldn’t work

couldn’t go to school he couldn’t work he couldn’t take any steps to rebuild

he couldn’t take any steps to rebuild

he couldn’t take any steps to rebuild his life instead he was just stuck in

his life instead he was just stuck in

his life instead he was just stuck in limbo and yet he had three different

limbo and yet he had three different

limbo and yet he had three different volunteer jobs so I asked him one day

volunteer jobs so I asked him one day

volunteer jobs so I asked him one day why he was doing this why he was working

why he was doing this why he was working

why he was doing this why he was working so hard not even getting paid and I

so hard not even getting paid and I

so hard not even getting paid and I thought he was going to tell me other

thought he was going to tell me other

thought he was going to tell me other people helped me and I’m giving back but

people helped me and I’m giving back but

people helped me and I’m giving back but instead he looked me in the eye and he

instead he looked me in the eye and he

instead he looked me in the eye and he and he said someday I’m going to get out

and he said someday I’m going to get out

and he said someday I’m going to get out of here I’m going to be someplace where

of here I’m going to be someplace where

of here I’m going to be someplace where they let me work and I’m going to need a

they let me work and I’m going to need a

they let me work and I’m going to need a resume I’m building my resume

unfortunately general story is not at

unfortunately general story is not at all unique and that’s why I’d like to

all unique and that’s why I’d like to

all unique and that’s why I’d like to ask you all here today to walk away

ask you all here today to walk away

ask you all here today to walk away remembering three numbers the first is

remembering three numbers the first is

remembering three numbers the first is 21 million the next is less than 1% and

21 million the next is less than 1% and

21 million the next is less than 1% and the last is 26 years so what do these

the last is 26 years so what do these

the last is 26 years so what do these numbers mean there are 21 million

numbers mean there are 21 million

numbers mean there are 21 million refugees in the world today these are

refugees in the world today these are

refugees in the world today these are people who have fled war or targeted

people who have fled war or targeted

people who have fled war or targeted violence against them because of

violence against them because of

violence against them because of something about them their race their

something about them their race their

something about them their race their religion their sexual orientation their

religion their sexual orientation their

religion their sexual orientation their political opinion

less than 1% of these refugees reach and

less than 1% of these refugees reach and resettle in the US Canada Europe

resettle in the US Canada Europe

resettle in the US Canada Europe Australia and New Zealand combined each

Australia and New Zealand combined each

Australia and New Zealand combined each year that means the vast majority of

year that means the vast majority of

year that means the vast majority of refugees are in Africa Asia and the

refugees are in Africa Asia and the

refugees are in Africa Asia and the Middle East and Latin America about half

Middle East and Latin America about half

Middle East and Latin America about half of these refugees are in what’s called

of these refugees are in what’s called

of these refugees are in what’s called protracted refugee situations this is

protracted refugee situations this is

protracted refugee situations this is defined as a situation where at least

defined as a situation where at least

defined as a situation where at least 25,000 people have been displaced from a

25,000 people have been displaced from a

25,000 people have been displaced from a single country for a minimum of five

single country for a minimum of five

single country for a minimum of five years the average time in a Petrak today

years the average time in a Petrak today

years the average time in a Petrak today at which time that a protracted

at which time that a protracted

at which time that a protracted situation lasts today is 26 years think

situation lasts today is 26 years think

situation lasts today is 26 years think about that for a minute now about half

about that for a minute now about half

about that for a minute now about half of the world’s refugees are in camps

of the world’s refugees are in camps

of the world’s refugees are in camps these are essentially internment camps

these are essentially internment camps

these are essentially internment camps in almost every country where they exist

in almost every country where they exist

in almost every country where they exist refugees are not allowed to leave

refugees are not allowed to leave

refugees are not allowed to leave they’re confined behind barbed wire

they’re confined behind barbed wire

they’re confined behind barbed wire think about where this little girl will

think about where this little girl will

think about where this little girl will be in 26 years if she’s living behind

be in 26 years if she’s living behind

be in 26 years if she’s living behind that barbed wire the other half of

that barbed wire the other half of

that barbed wire the other half of refugees live predominantly in urban

refugees live predominantly in urban

refugees live predominantly in urban areas and like Jenna the refugee in

areas and like Jenna the refugee in

areas and like Jenna the refugee in Egypt they’re typically not allowed to

Egypt they’re typically not allowed to

Egypt they’re typically not allowed to work or ten school or open a bank

work or ten school or open a bank

work or ten school or open a bank account rent an apartment take the steps

account rent an apartment take the steps

account rent an apartment take the steps that you and I would consider

that you and I would consider

that you and I would consider fundamental to rebuilding our lives and

fundamental to rebuilding our lives and

fundamental to rebuilding our lives and the reasons for this are complex but our

the reasons for this are complex but our

the reasons for this are complex but our current solution for refugees doesn’t

current solution for refugees doesn’t

current solution for refugees doesn’t solve this problem almost all of our

solve this problem almost all of our

solve this problem almost all of our refugee assistance today particularly

refugee assistance today particularly

refugee assistance today particularly the refugee assistance going to Africa

the refugee assistance going to Africa

the refugee assistance going to Africa Asia and Latin America is humanitarian

Asia and Latin America is humanitarian

Asia and Latin America is humanitarian aid food and tents and blankets and this

aid food and tents and blankets and this

aid food and tents and blankets and this is absolutely critical on day one when a

is absolutely critical on day one when a

is absolutely critical on day one when a refugee first comes across a border from

refugee first comes across a border from

refugee first comes across a border from a warzone

a warzone

a warzone she needs someplace to sleep that night

she needs someplace to sleep that night

she needs someplace to sleep that night she needs food to eat that day but it

she needs food to eat that day but it

she needs food to eat that day but it shouldn’t be our answer 26 years later

so how do we move beyond aid to a more

so how do we move beyond aid to a more sustainable solution it starts by

sustainable solution it starts by

sustainable solution it starts by understanding that refugees are not just

understanding that refugees are not just

understanding that refugees are not just people with needs but also people with

people with needs but also people with

people with needs but also people with rights 147 countries have agreed to let

rights 147 countries have agreed to let

rights 147 countries have agreed to let refugees move freely and access

refugees move freely and access

refugees move freely and access education and take part in the labor

education and take part in the labor

education and take part in the labor market and when refugees can do this

market and when refugees can do this

market and when refugees can do this they can meet their own needs they can

they can meet their own needs they can

they can meet their own needs they can rebuild their own lives I work with

rebuild their own lives I work with

rebuild their own lives I work with refugees all over the world and all over

refugees all over the world and all over

refugees all over the world and all over the world refugees tell me that one set

the world refugees tell me that one set

the world refugees tell me that one set of rights in particular is fundamental

of rights in particular is fundamental

of rights in particular is fundamental refugees tell me if I could only work

refugees tell me if I could only work

refugees tell me if I could only work everything else would be better and in a

everything else would be better and in a

everything else would be better and in a certain way this is obvious right if you

certain way this is obvious right if you

certain way this is obvious right if you can work you have money you can provide

can work you have money you can provide

can work you have money you can provide for yourself but work beans that and

for yourself but work beans that and

for yourself but work beans that and much more work allows you to be a

much more work allows you to be a

much more work allows you to be a responsible parent to provide for your

responsible parent to provide for your

responsible parent to provide for your children work gives you purpose and a

children work gives you purpose and a

children work gives you purpose and a reason to get up in the morning work

reason to get up in the morning work

reason to get up in the morning work gives you the ability to make choices

gives you the ability to make choices

gives you the ability to make choices about your life if you’re dependent on

about your life if you’re dependent on

about your life if you’re dependent on aid and you’re given a bag of rice

aid and you’re given a bag of rice

aid and you’re given a bag of rice you’re eating rice for dinner if you

you’re eating rice for dinner if you

you’re eating rice for dinner if you work and earn a salary you get to decide

work and earn a salary you get to decide

work and earn a salary you get to decide what you’re having for dinner that night

what you’re having for dinner that night

what you’re having for dinner that night one refugee in Ecuador said to have work

one refugee in Ecuador said to have work

one refugee in Ecuador said to have work is to have life I was part of the first

is to have life I was part of the first

is to have life I was part of the first global study of barriers to refugee

global study of barriers to refugee

global study of barriers to refugee employment and entrepreneurship around

employment and entrepreneurship around

employment and entrepreneurship around the world we looked at a sample size of

the world we looked at a sample size of

the world we looked at a sample size of 15 countries home to 30% of the world’s

15 countries home to 30% of the world’s

15 countries home to 30% of the world’s refugee population so you’ll remember

refugee population so you’ll remember

refugee population so you’ll remember that I told you that the world’s refugee

that I told you that the world’s refugee

that I told you that the world’s refugee population is 21 million and that less

population is 21 million and that less

population is 21 million and that less than 1% resettle in countries like the

than 1% resettle in countries like the

than 1% resettle in countries like the u.s. so the vast majority of refugees

u.s. so the vast majority of refugees

u.s. so the vast majority of refugees remain in Africa Asia or Latin America

remain in Africa Asia or Latin America

remain in Africa Asia or Latin America and in our study

and in our study

and in our study we found that about half of the

we found that about half of the

we found that about half of the countries surveyed completely barred

countries surveyed completely barred

countries surveyed completely barred refugees from working there laws

refugees from working there laws

refugees from working there laws prohibited refugees from working

prohibited refugees from working

prohibited refugees from working providing for themselves contributing to

providing for themselves contributing to

providing for themselves contributing to the economy in most of the rest of the

the economy in most of the rest of the

the economy in most of the rest of the countries there wasn’t a legal

countries there wasn’t a legal

countries there wasn’t a legal prohibition to working but there were

prohibition to working but there were

prohibition to working but there were significant barriers that made it almost

significant barriers that made it almost

significant barriers that made it almost impossible for refugees to work so for

impossible for refugees to work so for

impossible for refugees to work so for example in Tanzania Tanzania doesn’t say

example in Tanzania Tanzania doesn’t say

example in Tanzania Tanzania doesn’t say that refugees can’t work but it does

that refugees can’t work but it does

that refugees can’t work but it does have a law saying refugees have to live

have a law saying refugees have to live

have a law saying refugees have to live in refugee camps in the remote western

in refugee camps in the remote western

in refugee camps in the remote western region of the country makes it pretty

region of the country makes it pretty

region of the country makes it pretty hard to find a job so what do we do

hard to find a job so what do we do

hard to find a job so what do we do about this how do we move from

about this how do we move from

about this how do we move from dependence on aid to a world where in

dependence on aid to a world where in

dependence on aid to a world where in any country refugees can rebuild their

any country refugees can rebuild their

any country refugees can rebuild their lives work contribute how do we get to

lives work contribute how do we get to

lives work contribute how do we get to that world how do we get to those

that world how do we get to those

that world how do we get to those countries our study suggested that there

countries our study suggested that there

countries our study suggested that there are two missing pieces of the puzzle

are two missing pieces of the puzzle

are two missing pieces of the puzzle that can complement our current

that can complement our current

that can complement our current solutions of humanitarian aid the first

solutions of humanitarian aid the first

solutions of humanitarian aid the first is to have the right laws right if we

is to have the right laws right if we

is to have the right laws right if we want refugees to be able to work feed

want refugees to be able to work feed

want refugees to be able to work feed their families rebuild their lives and

their families rebuild their lives and

their families rebuild their lives and contribute to their new communities we

contribute to their new communities we

contribute to their new communities we need laws that let them work and feed

need laws that let them work and feed

need laws that let them work and feed their families and rebuild their lives

their families and rebuild their lives

their families and rebuild their lives and contribute to their new communities

and contribute to their new communities

and contribute to their new communities we need those laws in place in any

we need those laws in place in any

we need those laws in place in any country where a refugee is and the

country where a refugee is and the

country where a refugee is and the second big pieces we need to recognize

second big pieces we need to recognize

second big pieces we need to recognize the economic contributions of refugees

the economic contributions of refugees

the economic contributions of refugees Oxford did a study in Uganda that showed

Oxford did a study in Uganda that showed

Oxford did a study in Uganda that showed that when Uganda let refugees work the

that when Uganda let refugees work the

that when Uganda let refugees work the refugees who started businesses and

refugees who started businesses and

refugees who started businesses and hired other people 40% of them hired

hired other people 40% of them hired

hired other people 40% of them hired Ugandan –zz even a few short years

Ugandan –zz even a few short years

Ugandan –zz even a few short years after this law was put in place here in

after this law was put in place here in

after this law was put in place here in our own country the u.s. another 40% 40%

our own country the u.s. another 40% 40%

our own country the u.s. another 40% 40% of our fortune 500 companies were

of our fortune 500 companies were

of our fortune 500 companies were started by refugees and immigrants or

started by refugees and immigrants or

started by refugees and immigrants or their kids

when we recognize that refugees

when we recognize that refugees contribute to an economy when we

contribute to an economy when we

contribute to an economy when we recognize that refugees aren’t just

recognize that refugees aren’t just

recognize that refugees aren’t just rebuilding their own lives but also

rebuilding their own lives but also

rebuilding their own lives but also improving all of ours we have the

improving all of ours we have the

improving all of ours we have the political will and the drive to put in

political will and the drive to put in

political will and the drive to put in place the laws that make this possible

place the laws that make this possible

place the laws that make this possible so what do we need to do to put these

so what do we need to do to put these

so what do we need to do to put these laws in place I’ll offer four

laws in place I’ll offer four

laws in place I’ll offer four suggestions the first is we need to fund

suggestions the first is we need to fund

suggestions the first is we need to fund advocacy right right now almost all of

advocacy right right now almost all of

advocacy right right now almost all of our dollars and time in refugee response

our dollars and time in refugee response

our dollars and time in refugee response goes to humanitarian aid we need to also

goes to humanitarian aid we need to also

goes to humanitarian aid we need to also invest in long-term solutions and that

invest in long-term solutions and that

invest in long-term solutions and that means investing in people who can change

means investing in people who can change

means investing in people who can change the laws right laws don’t just change by

the laws right laws don’t just change by

the laws right laws don’t just change by themselves they need people pushing to

themselves they need people pushing to

themselves they need people pushing to change those laws so we need to invest

change those laws so we need to invest

change those laws so we need to invest in advocacy second we need to invest in

in advocacy second we need to invest in

in advocacy second we need to invest in locals I work with advocates in several

locals I work with advocates in several

locals I work with advocates in several countries who’ve been successful at

countries who’ve been successful at

countries who’ve been successful at getting their countries to commit to put

getting their countries to commit to put

getting their countries to commit to put in place the laws that let refugees work

in place the laws that let refugees work

in place the laws that let refugees work that make it easier for refugees to

that make it easier for refugees to

that make it easier for refugees to access employment rebuild their lives

access employment rebuild their lives

access employment rebuild their lives and contribute to their new countries

and contribute to their new countries

and contribute to their new countries and what all these advocates have in

and what all these advocates have in

and what all these advocates have in common is that they’re locals of the

common is that they’re locals of the

common is that they’re locals of the country in which they’re advocating

country in which they’re advocating

country in which they’re advocating right they’ve got skin in the game

right they’ve got skin in the game

right they’ve got skin in the game they’ve got credibility they know how

they’ve got credibility they know how

they’ve got credibility they know how the system works they’re able to say

the system works they’re able to say

the system works they’re able to say this is my country and this is what I

this is my country and this is what I

this is my country and this is what I want to see here today very little

want to see here today very little

want to see here today very little refugee response funding goes to locally

refugee response funding goes to locally

refugee response funding goes to locally led organizations but we can change that

led organizations but we can change that

led organizations but we can change that the third thing we need to do is to

the third thing we need to do is to

the third thing we need to do is to support these local advocates by

support these local advocates by

support these local advocates by ensuring that we’re playing our part

ensuring that we’re playing our part

ensuring that we’re playing our part outside of the country powerful actors

outside of the country powerful actors

outside of the country powerful actors from the outside can create incentives

from the outside can create incentives

from the outside can create incentives for countries that do a good job with

for countries that do a good job with

for countries that do a good job with this that let refugees work one example

this that let refugees work one example

this that let refugees work one example is the World Bank they’ve already made

is the World Bank they’ve already made

is the World Bank they’ve already made some of their loans contingent on a

some of their loans contingent on a

some of their loans contingent on a country letting refugees work that’s a

country letting refugees work that’s a

country letting refugees work that’s a great start and

great start and

great start and need to do more of that and finally we

need to do more of that and finally we

need to do more of that and finally we need to facilitate labor migration both

need to facilitate labor migration both

need to facilitate labor migration both within countries where refugees live so

within countries where refugees live so

within countries where refugees live so that a refugee can move where the jobs

that a refugee can move where the jobs

that a refugee can move where the jobs are can fill gaps in the job market and

are can fill gaps in the job market and

are can fill gaps in the job market and also across borders so that if brazil

also across borders so that if brazil

also across borders so that if brazil needs doctors and a doctor from

needs doctors and a doctor from

needs doctors and a doctor from Democratic Republic of Congo as a

Democratic Republic of Congo as a

Democratic Republic of Congo as a refugee in Tanzania she can make that

refugee in Tanzania she can make that

refugee in Tanzania she can make that transition to go where the jobs are to

transition to go where the jobs are to

transition to go where the jobs are to meet the needs to contribute to another

meet the needs to contribute to another

meet the needs to contribute to another country and to contribute to our world

country and to contribute to our world

country and to contribute to our world if we do that refugees like jeno with

if we do that refugees like jeno with

if we do that refugees like jeno with that drive and determination to work

that drive and determination to work

that drive and determination to work three different volunteer jobs just to

three different volunteer jobs just to

three different volunteer jobs just to be ready for his chance refugees like

be ready for his chance refugees like

be ready for his chance refugees like him will no longer be waiting for their

him will no longer be waiting for their

him will no longer be waiting for their opportunity they’ll be seizing it and

opportunity they’ll be seizing it and

opportunity they’ll be seizing it and when they do so all of us will benefit

when they do so all of us will benefit

when they do so all of us will benefit [Applause]

[Applause]

[Applause] [Music]

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