[Music] [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] so I would like to start off today by
so I would like to start off today by
so I would like to start off today by first asking you to close your eyes so
first asking you to close your eyes so
first asking you to close your eyes so imagine yourself deep in outer space you
imagine yourself deep in outer space you
imagine yourself deep in outer space you are thousands of light-years away from
are thousands of light-years away from
are thousands of light-years away from here you’re in a place where time runs
here you’re in a place where time runs
here you’re in a place where time runs in slow motion so you see galaxies
in slow motion so you see galaxies
in slow motion so you see galaxies merging and stars exploding as the rest
merging and stars exploding as the rest
merging and stars exploding as the rest of the universe is running in
of the universe is running in
of the universe is running in fast-forwarding you’re in a place where
fast-forwarding you’re in a place where
fast-forwarding you’re in a place where gravitational forces are so strong that
gravitational forces are so strong that
gravitational forces are so strong that even the tiniest of the human cells are
even the tiniest of the human cells are
even the tiniest of the human cells are stretched and shredded into thee he can
stretched and shredded into thee he can
stretched and shredded into thee he can open eyes hear what I described to you
open eyes hear what I described to you
open eyes hear what I described to you are just a few of the many bizarre and
are just a few of the many bizarre and
are just a few of the many bizarre and fascinating things that happen near a
fascinating things that happen near a
fascinating things that happen near a black hole
black hole
black hole my name is near spatula I’m an
my name is near spatula I’m an
my name is near spatula I’m an astronomer at MIT that I find black
astronomer at MIT that I find black
astronomer at MIT that I find black holes and today I’m gonna tell you how
holes and today I’m gonna tell you how
holes and today I’m gonna tell you how we astronomers find bladders a black
we astronomers find bladders a black
we astronomers find bladders a black hole is a region in space inside rifts
hole is a region in space inside rifts
hole is a region in space inside rifts gravity is so extreme that nothing can
gravity is so extreme that nothing can
gravity is so extreme that nothing can get out not even light the imaginary out
get out not even light the imaginary out
get out not even light the imaginary out the Faculty of this vision is known as
the Faculty of this vision is known as
the Faculty of this vision is known as the event horizon conceptually you can
the event horizon conceptually you can
the event horizon conceptually you can understand what a black hole is by
understand what a black hole is by
understand what a black hole is by thinking about Earth’s gravity
thinking about Earth’s gravity
thinking about Earth’s gravity Earth’s gravity is what is called it’s
Earth’s gravity is what is called it’s
Earth’s gravity is what is called it’s equality to your chairs right there
equality to your chairs right there
equality to your chairs right there but imagine putting on a jetpack and
but imagine putting on a jetpack and
but imagine putting on a jetpack and launching yourself vertically upwards at
launching yourself vertically upwards at
launching yourself vertically upwards at 40,000 kilometers grab with that kind of
40,000 kilometers grab with that kind of
40,000 kilometers grab with that kind of speed you will be able to escape Earth’s
speed you will be able to escape Earth’s
speed you will be able to escape Earth’s gravity and venture out into space as
gravity and venture out into space as
gravity and venture out into space as far as you want and you slower than this
far as you want and you slower than this
far as you want and you slower than this you like to fall back down to earth or
you like to fall back down to earth or
you like to fall back down to earth or get trapped in orbit around Earth so
get trapped in orbit around Earth so
get trapped in orbit around Earth so let’s compress earth by a factor of
let’s compress earth by a factor of
let’s compress earth by a factor of 10,000 by keeping the massive earth is
10,000 by keeping the massive earth is
10,000 by keeping the massive earth is not roughly one kilometer in diameter
not roughly one kilometer in diameter
not roughly one kilometer in diameter the gravity in the surface of this earth
the gravity in the surface of this earth
the gravity in the surface of this earth is now hundred million times stronger
is now hundred million times stronger
is now hundred million times stronger than usual in order to get off desert
than usual in order to get off desert
than usual in order to get off desert you have to launch yourself
you have to launch yourself
you have to launch yourself at four million kilometers per hour
at four million kilometers per hour
at four million kilometers per hour that’s a factor of 100 times faster than
that’s a factor of 100 times faster than
that’s a factor of 100 times faster than this work now let’s take this a step
this work now let’s take this a step
this work now let’s take this a step further and compressed earth down to the
further and compressed earth down to the
further and compressed earth down to the size of a metal ball is being passed
size of a metal ball is being passed
size of a metal ball is being passed around only one centimeter in diameter
around only one centimeter in diameter
around only one centimeter in diameter earth is now the size of typical
earth is now the size of typical
earth is now the size of typical blueberry the grab be inside this
blueberry the grab be inside this
blueberry the grab be inside this blueberry cider is so strong that it
blueberry cider is so strong that it
blueberry cider is so strong that it will get crushed into a point of
will get crushed into a point of
will get crushed into a point of infinite density surrounded by and one
infinite density surrounded by and one
infinite density surrounded by and one centimeter even to right in other words
centimeter even to right in other words
centimeter even to right in other words it will turn into a black hole in order
it will turn into a black hole in order
it will turn into a black hole in order to get off this earth you have to launch
to get off this earth you have to launch
to get off this earth you have to launch yourself at greater than the speed of
yourself at greater than the speed of
yourself at greater than the speed of light but that is not possible because
light but that is not possible because
light but that is not possible because Einstein theory of relativity tells us
Einstein theory of relativity tells us
Einstein theory of relativity tells us that nothing can go faster than the
that nothing can go faster than the
that nothing can go faster than the speed of light so that means your stuff
speed of light so that means your stuff
speed of light so that means your stuff no matter what you do you will not be
no matter what you do you will not be
no matter what you do you will not be able to get off this new very sensor but
able to get off this new very sensor but
able to get off this new very sensor but lucky you there is no natural process
lucky you there is no natural process
lucky you there is no natural process that can crush earth into such a compact
that can crush earth into such a compact
that can crush earth into such a compact size so objects that only they others in
size so objects that only they others in
size so objects that only they others in the earth business never turn into black
the earth business never turn into black
the earth business never turn into black holes for that matter our Sun which is
holes for that matter our Sun which is
holes for that matter our Sun which is two thousand billion billion billion
two thousand billion billion billion
two thousand billion billion billion kilos that is – followed by 30 zeros
kilos that is – followed by 30 zeros
kilos that is – followed by 30 zeros he’s also not heavy enough to turn into
he’s also not heavy enough to turn into
he’s also not heavy enough to turn into a black hole only starts heavier than 25
a black hole only starts heavier than 25
a black hole only starts heavier than 25 times the mass of our Sun can turn into
times the mass of our Sun can turn into
times the mass of our Sun can turn into black hole only in these dollars will
black hole only in these dollars will
black hole only in these dollars will grab the eventually become strong enough
grab the eventually become strong enough
grab the eventually become strong enough that it will take over every force of
that it will take over every force of
that it will take over every force of nature
nature
nature and compel the star could crush itself
and compel the star could crush itself
and compel the star could crush itself into a black hole the kind of blackness
into a black hole the kind of blackness
into a black hole the kind of blackness that either talked about today other
that either talked about today other
that either talked about today other ones perform in the most overweight
ones perform in the most overweight
ones perform in the most overweight stars grow old and die in spectacular
stars grow old and die in spectacular
stars grow old and die in spectacular explosions known as supernovae these
explosions known as supernovae these
explosions known as supernovae these explosions expel fractions of their
explosions expel fractions of their
explosions expel fractions of their initial mass and after thousands of
initial mass and after thousands of
initial mass and after thousands of years produce beautiful remnants like
years produce beautiful remnants like
years produce beautiful remnants like the one shown here there’s a black hole
the one shown here there’s a black hole
the one shown here there’s a black hole sitting at the center of this remnant
sitting at the center of this remnant
sitting at the center of this remnant that you can
that you can
that you can it is estimated that there are millions
it is estimated that there are millions
it is estimated that there are millions of overweight stars just in our galaxy
of overweight stars just in our galaxy
of overweight stars just in our galaxy alone and does by extension you expect
alone and does by extension you expect
alone and does by extension you expect there to be millions of black holes
there to be millions of black holes
there to be millions of black holes lurking in our Milky Way galaxy so now
lurking in our Milky Way galaxy so now
lurking in our Milky Way galaxy so now you know what a black hole is and how
you know what a black hole is and how
you know what a black hole is and how they form so what I’m about to say might
they form so what I’m about to say might
they form so what I’m about to say might come to you as a surprise from the
come to you as a surprise from the
come to you as a surprise from the outside Astrophysical dipoles are
outside Astrophysical dipoles are
outside Astrophysical dipoles are actually the simplest objects greenland
actually the simplest objects greenland
actually the simplest objects greenland indoors while the physics of what
indoors while the physics of what
indoors while the physics of what happens inside the event horizon of a
happens inside the event horizon of a
happens inside the event horizon of a blackboard is highly debated and these
blackboard is highly debated and these
blackboard is highly debated and these wishes emotions surrounding a black more
wishes emotions surrounding a black more
wishes emotions surrounding a black more than very complex blackboard only have
than very complex blackboard only have
than very complex blackboard only have two observable properties mass and spit
two observable properties mass and spit
two observable properties mass and spit this is very different from say even
this is very different from say even
this is very different from say even learning about a person people are
learning about a person people are
learning about a person people are complex a person has been many
complex a person has been many
complex a person has been many observable properties like height weight
observable properties like height weight
observable properties like height weight I color hair color size of the year
I color hair color size of the year
I color hair color size of the year etcetera etcetera and to complicate
etcetera etcetera and to complicate
etcetera etcetera and to complicate things further some of them even have a
things further some of them even have a
things further some of them even have a personality loser but the hackles are
personality loser but the hackles are
personality loser but the hackles are simple once you do the math and spin up
simple once you do the math and spin up
simple once you do the math and spin up a black hole you know everything there
a black hole you know everything there
a black hole you know everything there is to know about that black hole
is to know about that black hole
is to know about that black hole Leonardo da Vinci once famously said
Leonardo da Vinci once famously said
Leonardo da Vinci once famously said simplicity is the ultimate
simplicity is the ultimate
simplicity is the ultimate sophistication when it comes to light
sophistication when it comes to light
sophistication when it comes to light poles this is absolutely true so this is
poles this is absolutely true so this is
poles this is absolutely true so this is simple and yet mind-boggling objects are
simple and yet mind-boggling objects are
simple and yet mind-boggling objects are all over a galaxy in the last five
all over a galaxy in the last five
all over a galaxy in the last five minutes since I started talking hundreds
minutes since I started talking hundreds
minutes since I started talking hundreds of letters have found some variables how
of letters have found some variables how
of letters have found some variables how do we find this compromise dance
do we find this compromise dance
do we find this compromise dance equations is that black holes must be
equations is that black holes must be
equations is that black holes must be heavy and compact very small in size but
heavy and compact very small in size but
heavy and compact very small in size but by definition they are done because
by definition they are done because
by definition they are done because light can’t get out that so does this
light can’t get out that so does this
light can’t get out that so does this mean we cannot find black holes not at
mean we cannot find black holes not at
mean we cannot find black holes not at all
all
all just like how at a puppet show the
just like how at a puppet show the
just like how at a puppet show the movement of puppet is telling us there
movement of puppet is telling us there
movement of puppet is telling us there must be a puppet master
must be a puppet master
must be a puppet master pulling them in strings when it comes to
pulling them in strings when it comes to
pulling them in strings when it comes to hunting for black holes
hunting for black holes
hunting for black holes we infer their presence by studying the
we infer their presence by studying the
we infer their presence by studying the influence of the gravity on stars
influence of the gravity on stars
influence of the gravity on stars clearly it’s true that black was
clearly it’s true that black was
clearly it’s true that black was patented by themselves unfair in
patented by themselves unfair in
patented by themselves unfair in difficulty for all the black holes have
difficulty for all the black holes have
difficulty for all the black holes have been lost
been lost
been lost currently excluding the most recent
currently excluding the most recent
currently excluding the most recent graduation the exceptions are the ones
graduation the exceptions are the ones
graduation the exceptions are the ones that have a companion star a star that
that have a companion star a star that
that have a companion star a star that is growing around on the blackboard a
is growing around on the blackboard a
is growing around on the blackboard a star that we can see with the toaster
star that we can see with the toaster
star that we can see with the toaster it’s like if you’re a black hole you
it’s like if you’re a black hole you
it’s like if you’re a black hole you won’t get noticed unless you have a
won’t get noticed unless you have a
won’t get noticed unless you have a boyfriend or a girlfriend who’s great
boyfriend or a girlfriend who’s great
boyfriend or a girlfriend who’s great the typical picture we have of a black
the typical picture we have of a black
the typical picture we have of a black hole is in Burien is something like this
hole is in Burien is something like this
hole is in Burien is something like this we cannot see the black border to the
we cannot see the black border to the
we cannot see the black border to the center but we can see the companion star
center but we can see the companion star
center but we can see the companion star by tracking the motion of the companion
by tracking the motion of the companion
by tracking the motion of the companion star we can measure to size me what the
star we can measure to size me what the
star we can measure to size me what the mass of the black hole is the physical
mass of the black hole is the physical
mass of the black hole is the physical principle we use to track the motion of
principle we use to track the motion of
principle we use to track the motion of the star is something that you may have
the star is something that you may have
the star is something that you may have experienced many times in the database
experienced many times in the database
experienced many times in the database it’s known as Doppler effect for example
it’s known as Doppler effect for example
it’s known as Doppler effect for example an ambulance that is coming to us you
an ambulance that is coming to us you
an ambulance that is coming to us you know has a higher pitch because the
know has a higher pitch because the
know has a higher pitch because the sound waves are getting compressed the
sound waves are getting compressed the
sound waves are getting compressed the state matter is as it moves away from
state matter is as it moves away from
state matter is as it moves away from you the sound waves are getting
you the sound waves are getting
you the sound waves are getting stretched so the pitch TTP’s in real
stretched so the pitch TTP’s in real
stretched so the pitch TTP’s in real life this sounds something like this
the same thing happens with light waves
the same thing happens with light waves but an object that is anything like is
but an object that is anything like is
but an object that is anything like is going to it’s you the light based on
going to it’s you the light based on
going to it’s you the light based on that object are getting compressed to a
that object are getting compressed to a
that object are getting compressed to a sort of agent but as the object is
sort of agent but as the object is
sort of agent but as the object is moving away from you the light planes
moving away from you the light planes
moving away from you the light planes get stretched to a longer wavelength
get stretched to a longer wavelength
get stretched to a longer wavelength this is precisely what astronomers do we
this is precisely what astronomers do we
this is precisely what astronomers do we track the wavelength of the star’s light
track the wavelength of the star’s light
track the wavelength of the star’s light and that is going around the black hole
and that is going around the black hole
and that is going around the black hole what we see is on the top left of the
what we see is on the top left of the
what we see is on the top left of the illustration that’s the mainland of the
illustration that’s the mainland of the
illustration that’s the mainland of the star by extracting the main things of
star by extracting the main things of
star by extracting the main things of the star at different times we can
the star at different times we can
the star at different times we can measure precisely how fast the star is
measure precisely how fast the star is
measure precisely how fast the star is moving in those things using such
moving in those things using such
moving in those things using such measurements astronomers have found over
measurements astronomers have found over
measurements astronomers have found over two dozen dark objects weighing between
two dozen dark objects weighing between
two dozen dark objects weighing between five and fifteen times the mass of our
five and fifteen times the mass of our
five and fifteen times the mass of our Sun but just knowing that these objects
Sun but just knowing that these objects
Sun but just knowing that these objects are heavy and dark is not enough to
are heavy and dark is not enough to
are heavy and dark is not enough to conclude that their black holes because
conclude that their black holes because
conclude that their black holes because remember I said his equations tell us
remember I said his equations tell us
remember I said his equations tell us that black holes must also be compact
that black holes must also be compact
that black holes must also be compact small in size so this next big piece of
small in size so this next big piece of
small in size so this next big piece of puzzle about the compact instance came
puzzle about the compact instance came
puzzle about the compact instance came from studying these objects in x-rays
from studying these objects in x-rays
from studying these objects in x-rays light is made up of electromagnetic
light is made up of electromagnetic
light is made up of electromagnetic waves all the way from the longest most
waves all the way from the longest most
waves all the way from the longest most stretched radio waves to the shortest
stretched radio waves to the shortest
stretched radio waves to the shortest wavelength galleries you and I is
wavelength galleries you and I is
wavelength galleries you and I is sensitive to only a small fraction of
sensitive to only a small fraction of
sensitive to only a small fraction of these waivers known as the visible faith
these waivers known as the visible faith
these waivers known as the visible faith in every object and it’s like the
in every object and it’s like the
in every object and it’s like the temperature of the object dictates it
temperature of the object dictates it
temperature of the object dictates it what Waveland the light comes out for
what Waveland the light comes out for
what Waveland the light comes out for example an actual body has a temperature
example an actual body has a temperature
example an actual body has a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius as most of us
of 37 degrees Celsius as most of us
of 37 degrees Celsius as most of us Amick our light in the infrared here’s
Amick our light in the infrared here’s
Amick our light in the infrared here’s an image of two people observed an
an image of two people observed an
an image of two people observed an infrared pigments now stand on the other
infrared pigments now stand on the other
infrared pigments now stand on the other hand has a surface temperature of 6,000
hand has a surface temperature of 6,000
hand has a surface temperature of 6,000 degrees Celsius as most of it’s life I’m
degrees Celsius as most of it’s life I’m
degrees Celsius as most of it’s life I’m sorry
sorry
sorry visible Raymond now material that is
visible Raymond now material that is
visible Raymond now material that is millions of degrees Celsius with any
millions of degrees Celsius with any
millions of degrees Celsius with any experts
experts
experts teacher yourself as a hungry platform
teacher yourself as a hungry platform
teacher yourself as a hungry platform sitting
sitting
sitting right next to a star full of yummy gas
right next to a star full of yummy gas
right next to a star full of yummy gas you’re not just gonna sit there and do
you’re not just gonna sit there and do
you’re not just gonna sit there and do nothing when you have the opportunity
nothing when you have the opportunity
nothing when you have the opportunity you will strike you will start pulling
you will strike you will start pulling
you will strike you will start pulling the material onto yourself a parcel of
the material onto yourself a parcel of
the material onto yourself a parcel of gas that is just about to leave the
gas that is just about to leave the
gas that is just about to leave the surface of the star is only 2,000
surface of the star is only 2,000
surface of the star is only 2,000 degrees Celsius but earth is falling
degrees Celsius but earth is falling
degrees Celsius but earth is falling onto the black hole it is losing its
onto the black hole it is losing its
onto the black hole it is losing its gravitational energy and because energy
gravitational energy and because energy
gravitational energy and because energy is conserved a fraction of it gets
is conserved a fraction of it gets
is conserved a fraction of it gets converted to heat so by the time a
converted to heat so by the time a
converted to heat so by the time a parcel of gas reaches the event horizon
parcel of gas reaches the event horizon
parcel of gas reaches the event horizon of the black hole it gets heated up to
of the black hole it gets heated up to
of the black hole it gets heated up to ten million degrees Celsius the stuff
ten million degrees Celsius the stuff
ten million degrees Celsius the stuff that is so hot will emit x-rays in
that is so hot will emit x-rays in
that is so hot will emit x-rays in reality however black holes are not so
reality however black holes are not so
reality however black holes are not so polite they don’t put one tiny snack at
polite they don’t put one tiny snack at
polite they don’t put one tiny snack at a time
a time
a time for reasons we don’t fully understand
for reasons we don’t fully understand
for reasons we don’t fully understand yet every couple of years ourselves
yet every couple of years ourselves
yet every couple of years ourselves black ones tend to go on an eating
black ones tend to go on an eating
black ones tend to go on an eating stream where they pull huge amount of
stream where they pull huge amount of
stream where they pull huge amount of material of themselves for months
material of themselves for months
material of themselves for months sometimes even years and then this
sometimes even years and then this
sometimes even years and then this happens the hot gas that is just allowed
happens the hot gas that is just allowed
happens the hot gas that is just allowed to fall into the black hole sends us a
to fall into the black hole sends us a
to fall into the black hole sends us a distress signal in the form of x-rays by
distress signal in the form of x-rays by
distress signal in the form of x-rays by putting on or x-ray vision goggles and
putting on or x-ray vision goggles and
putting on or x-ray vision goggles and looking up into the sky we can see such
looking up into the sky we can see such
looking up into the sky we can see such actively feeding black holes this is
actively feeding black holes this is
actively feeding black holes this is also hot astronomers know where to look
also hot astronomers know where to look
also hot astronomers know where to look in the sky of levels in practice of ever
in the sky of levels in practice of ever
in the sky of levels in practice of ever we do this more systematically we have
we do this more systematically we have
we do this more systematically we have x-ray Space Telescope’s like the one
x-ray Space Telescope’s like the one
x-ray Space Telescope’s like the one shown here that scan the entire sky in
shown here that scan the entire sky in
shown here that scan the entire sky in regular intervals and find actively
regular intervals and find actively
regular intervals and find actively heating levels the most from material
heating levels the most from material
heating levels the most from material near a black hole is just like a drain
near a black hole is just like a drain
near a black hole is just like a drain once the water reaches the edge of the
once the water reaches the edge of the
once the water reaches the edge of the frame you’ll never see it again
frame you’ll never see it again
frame you’ll never see it again this is a footage of a drain in a lake
this is a footage of a drain in a lake
this is a footage of a drain in a lake in Texas you can imagine that so right
in Texas you can imagine that so right
in Texas you can imagine that so right now we do not have the technology to
now we do not have the technology to
now we do not have the technology to take high-resolution images of Michener
take high-resolution images of Michener
take high-resolution images of Michener falling into a lack of but this video
falling into a lack of but this video
falling into a lack of but this video perfectly
perfectly
perfectly emulates that process you can imagine
emulates that process you can imagine
emulates that process you can imagine the drain itself as the black hole on
the drain itself as the black hole on
the drain itself as the black hole on the water that is falling in is similar
the water that is falling in is similar
the water that is falling in is similar to gas or into
to gas or into
to gas or into what we see in x-rays is the light from
what we see in x-rays is the light from
what we see in x-rays is the light from the heart material just about to fall
the heart material just about to fall
the heart material just about to fall into the lipo what we see in x-rays is
into the lipo what we see in x-rays is
into the lipo what we see in x-rays is really the last few orbits of the
really the last few orbits of the
really the last few orbits of the material
material
material just before spiral centers
just before spiral centers
just before spiral centers electro-mechanics fact the most real
electro-mechanics fact the most real
electro-mechanics fact the most real estate really by tracking the x-ray
estate really by tracking the x-ray
estate really by tracking the x-ray light changes this allows us to measure
light changes this allows us to measure
light changes this allows us to measure how compact the object is some of these
how compact the object is some of these
how compact the object is some of these objects have been found to be just a few
objects have been found to be just a few
objects have been found to be just a few hundred kilometers that’s remarkably
hundred kilometers that’s remarkably
hundred kilometers that’s remarkably tiny because what this is telling us is
tiny because what this is telling us is
tiny because what this is telling us is that in these objects more than three
that in these objects more than three
that in these objects more than three million earths are packed into a region
million earths are packed into a region
million earths are packed into a region smaller than the size of a sphere that
smaller than the size of a sphere that
smaller than the size of a sphere that is ridiculously tiny in fact these very
is ridiculously tiny in fact these very
is ridiculously tiny in fact these very close to what is predicted for black
close to what is predicted for black
close to what is predicted for black holes for my size community and thus it
holes for my size community and thus it
holes for my size community and thus it is very likely that these dark heavy and
is very likely that these dark heavy and
is very likely that these dark heavy and foggy sleek compact objects are indeed
foggy sleek compact objects are indeed
foggy sleek compact objects are indeed Einsteins black holes so there you have
Einsteins black holes so there you have
Einsteins black holes so there you have it
it
it finding a black hole is a two-step
finding a black hole is a two-step
finding a black hole is a two-step process first you identify the companion
process first you identify the companion
process first you identify the companion star you track its motion in the visible
star you track its motion in the visible
star you track its motion in the visible event this gives you the mass of the
event this gives you the mass of the
event this gives you the mass of the black hole
black hole
black hole second you measure its compactness in
second you measure its compactness in
second you measure its compactness in the x-rays so nothing at all to find
the x-rays so nothing at all to find
the x-rays so nothing at all to find black holes
black holes
black holes let me finish but these be talking about
let me finish but these be talking about
let me finish but these be talking about what’s next in life or destroyed the
what’s next in life or destroyed the
what’s next in life or destroyed the very fact that we can see material from
very fact that we can see material from
very fact that we can see material from so close to the event horizon of the
so close to the event horizon of the
so close to the event horizon of the blackboard is truly phenomenal
blackboard is truly phenomenal
blackboard is truly phenomenal the reason close to the event horizon is
the reason close to the event horizon is
the reason close to the event horizon is really where the magic of Einstein’s
really where the magic of Einstein’s
really where the magic of Einstein’s equations come into play
equations come into play
equations come into play this is where the weird stuff happens
this is where the weird stuff happens
this is where the weird stuff happens the phenomenon I described at the
the phenomenon I described at the
the phenomenon I described at the beginning of exactly four examples time
beginning of exactly four examples time
beginning of exactly four examples time slowing down happens right here by
slowing down happens right here by
slowing down happens right here by studying the x-rays that cannot appear
studying the x-rays that cannot appear
studying the x-rays that cannot appear we can learn how matter behaves right
we can learn how matter behaves right
we can learn how matter behaves right next to a laptop in the last few decades
next to a laptop in the last few decades
next to a laptop in the last few decades astronomers have detected thousands of
astronomers have detected thousands of
astronomers have detected thousands of mysterious patterns in the x-ray light
mysterious patterns in the x-ray light
mysterious patterns in the x-ray light from like us when some of them are
from like us when some of them are
from like us when some of them are converted to audio this sound something
converted to audio this sound something
converted to audio this sound something like this has the potential to teach us
like this has the potential to teach us
like this has the potential to teach us about its
about its
about its environments just outside the event
environments just outside the event
environments just outside the event horizons of black holes in the next
horizons of black holes in the next
horizons of black holes in the next decade with bigger and more sensitive
decade with bigger and more sensitive
decade with bigger and more sensitive telescopes
telescopes
telescopes a major goal is to try to interpret this
a major goal is to try to interpret this
a major goal is to try to interpret this enigmatic music of black holes thank you
”
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