thousands of people died in London in 1854 cholera was the killer cholera is a
1854 cholera was the killer cholera is a
1854 cholera was the killer cholera is a disease that kills within days so there
disease that kills within days so there
disease that kills within days so there was this guy John Snow who walked around
was this guy John Snow who walked around
was this guy John Snow who walked around the Soho district of London knocking
the Soho district of London knocking
the Soho district of London knocking from door to door to door and he asked
from door to door to door and he asked
from door to door to door and he asked has there been a death in the family and
has there been a death in the family and
has there been a death in the family and he got an answer why yes my mother died
he got an answer why yes my mother died
he got an answer why yes my mother died yesterday he went to the next house and
yesterday he went to the next house and
yesterday he went to the next house and he asked ma’am has there been a death in
he asked ma’am has there been a death in
he asked ma’am has there been a death in the family and he got an answer no not
the family and he got an answer no not
the family and he got an answer no not here
here
here but up the street at 64 Lexington a
but up the street at 64 Lexington a
but up the street at 64 Lexington a little girl died two days ago he took
little girl died two days ago he took
little girl died two days ago he took all these deaths and he put them up on a
all these deaths and he put them up on a
all these deaths and he put them up on a map these little black lines here show
map these little black lines here show
map these little black lines here show us what he actually saw I’ve exaggerated
us what he actually saw I’ve exaggerated
us what he actually saw I’ve exaggerated this data so you can actually see it a
this data so you can actually see it a
this data so you can actually see it a little better on this screen John snow
little better on this screen John snow
little better on this screen John snow had a sneaking suspicion that the water
had a sneaking suspicion that the water
had a sneaking suspicion that the water pump was the reason for the transport of
pump was the reason for the transport of
pump was the reason for the transport of cholera do you guys notice anything
cholera do you guys notice anything
cholera do you guys notice anything particular about this data when I layer
particular about this data when I layer
particular about this data when I layer over where the pumps were in the city it
over where the pumps were in the city it
over where the pumps were in the city it becomes very obvious at the corner of
becomes very obvious at the corner of
becomes very obvious at the corner of broad and Lexington this pump was to
broad and Lexington this pump was to
broad and Lexington this pump was to blame John snow figured this out and
blame John snow figured this out and
blame John snow figured this out and they call him the father of modern day
they call him the father of modern day
they call him the father of modern day epidemiology the study of how health and
epidemiology the study of how health and
epidemiology the study of how health and disease moves throughout a city now what
disease moves throughout a city now what
disease moves throughout a city now what John snow did is great I think it’s
John snow did is great I think it’s
John snow did is great I think it’s awesome however it is not scalable right
awesome however it is not scalable right
awesome however it is not scalable right think about how many pumps there are
think about how many pumps there are
think about how many pumps there are around the world how many wells there
around the world how many wells there
around the world how many wells there are and how many people are affected by
are and how many people are affected by
are and how many people are affected by disease and illness from this water you
disease and illness from this water you
disease and illness from this water you need to hire millions if not billions of
need to hire millions if not billions of
need to hire millions if not billions of John snows and they would need to knock
John snows and they would need to knock
John snows and they would need to knock on all of these doors every single day
on all of these doors every single day
on all of these doors every single day he would need to ask is there a disease
he would need to ask is there a disease
he would need to ask is there a disease is there an illness
is there an illness
is there an illness has there been a death water testing
has there been a death water testing
has there been a death water testing today is reactive we need to make it
today is reactive we need to make it
today is reactive we need to make it proactive we’re trying to find solutions
proactive we’re trying to find solutions
proactive we’re trying to find solutions for water but we don’t understand what
for water but we don’t understand what
for water but we don’t understand what the problem actually is how can you find
the problem actually is how can you find
the problem actually is how can you find a solution if you don’t understand the
a solution if you don’t understand the
a solution if you don’t understand the problem space I’ve made it my life’s
problem space I’ve made it my life’s
problem space I’ve made it my life’s goal to figure out what this problem is
goal to figure out what this problem is
goal to figure out what this problem is let’s have a conversation about how we
let’s have a conversation about how we
let’s have a conversation about how we can hack water and what the future of
can hack water and what the future of
can hack water and what the future of water is about how we can build millions
water is about how we can build millions
water is about how we can build millions of John snows and put them around the
of John snows and put them around the
of John snows and put them around the world I used to work at a venture
world I used to work at a venture
world I used to work at a venture capital fund in India think like Shark
capital fund in India think like Shark
capital fund in India think like Shark Tank but India without the Mark Cuban
Tank but India without the Mark Cuban
Tank but India without the Mark Cuban and the really cool thing about this
and the really cool thing about this
and the really cool thing about this venture capital fund is we only gave
venture capital fund is we only gave
venture capital fund is we only gave money to companies who were building
money to companies who were building
money to companies who were building products that focused on people our
products that focused on people our
products that focused on people our populations that earned less than $2 a
populations that earned less than $2 a
populations that earned less than $2 a day and one really cool thing that I saw
day and one really cool thing that I saw
day and one really cool thing that I saw about this company was we saw a ton of
about this company was we saw a ton of
about this company was we saw a ton of business plans that came through the
business plans that came through the
business plans that came through the door there was one in particular that
door there was one in particular that
door there was one in particular that sticks out it was this company in South
sticks out it was this company in South
sticks out it was this company in South India that was actually developing a
India that was actually developing a
India that was actually developing a water filter something that purifies our
water filter something that purifies our
water filter something that purifies our water however the only issue is is it
water however the only issue is is it
water however the only issue is is it was way too expensive it was not
was way too expensive it was not
was way too expensive it was not accessible to the population it was
accessible to the population it was
accessible to the population it was targeting and what’s even worse is when
targeting and what’s even worse is when
targeting and what’s even worse is when we went down to this geography that they
we went down to this geography that they
we went down to this geography that they were looking to do their first
were looking to do their first
were looking to do their first deployment in turns out there is a
deployment in turns out there is a
deployment in turns out there is a simple five cent solution that was a
simple five cent solution that was a
simple five cent solution that was a chlorine pill now I want to get one
chlorine pill now I want to get one
chlorine pill now I want to get one thing straight I am NOT for simple
thing straight I am NOT for simple
thing straight I am NOT for simple solutions I do believe in long-term
solutions I do believe in long-term
solutions I do believe in long-term Social Development and let’s figure out
Social Development and let’s figure out
Social Development and let’s figure out progress on how we can actually
progress on how we can actually
progress on how we can actually implement it properly however if your
implement it properly however if your
implement it properly however if your goal is to get people out of hospital
goal is to get people out of hospital
goal is to get people out of hospital beds let’s do the short term solution
beds let’s do the short term solution
beds let’s do the short term solution first figure out what the problem is and
first figure out what the problem is and
first figure out what the problem is and then build a solution around that this
then build a solution around that this
then build a solution around that this got me really interested in water and so
got me really interested in water and so
got me really interested in water and so I started doing a ton of research and I
I started doing a ton of research and I
I started doing a ton of research and I figured out here in the u.s. about 70%
figured out here in the u.s. about 70%
figured out here in the u.s. about 70% of our water is primarily used for
of our water is primarily used for
of our water is primarily used for energy generation and agriculture the
energy generation and agriculture the
energy generation and agriculture the rest of it is used for stuff that we’re
rest of it is used for stuff that we’re
rest of it is used for stuff that we’re used to like taking a shower wash
used to like taking a shower wash
used to like taking a shower wash our hands and drinking water but one
our hands and drinking water but one
our hands and drinking water but one really interesting thing that I learned
really interesting thing that I learned
really interesting thing that I learned is that water is different for each
is that water is different for each
is that water is different for each application you use it for and what I
application you use it for and what I
application you use it for and what I mean by this is for agriculture or for
mean by this is for agriculture or for
mean by this is for agriculture or for drinking water or for your swimming pool
drinking water or for your swimming pool
drinking water or for your swimming pool right let’s take a swimming pool for
right let’s take a swimming pool for
right let’s take a swimming pool for example if you were to go to your
example if you were to go to your
example if you were to go to your swimming pool you would need to measure
swimming pool you would need to measure
swimming pool you would need to measure the water now you go to your backyard
the water now you go to your backyard
the water now you go to your backyard and you’d say the chlorine is low this
and you’d say the chlorine is low this
and you’d say the chlorine is low this is how you understand what the data is
is how you understand what the data is
is how you understand what the data is and after you understand that the
and after you understand that the
and after you understand that the chlorine is low let’s say it needs to be
chlorine is low let’s say it needs to be
chlorine is low let’s say it needs to be up to five parts per million or ppm and
up to five parts per million or ppm and
up to five parts per million or ppm and you’re down to one you add chlorine you
you’re down to one you add chlorine you
you’re down to one you add chlorine you fix the water this loop is different for
fix the water this loop is different for
fix the water this loop is different for everything right so you wouldn’t take
everything right so you wouldn’t take
everything right so you wouldn’t take the swimming pool water and put it into
the swimming pool water and put it into
the swimming pool water and put it into your tap to drink you wouldn’t take the
your tap to drink you wouldn’t take the
your tap to drink you wouldn’t take the swimming pool water and let’s say for
swimming pool water and let’s say for
swimming pool water and let’s say for example you’re brewing beer right water
example you’re brewing beer right water
example you’re brewing beer right water is a really big part of brewing beer you
is a really big part of brewing beer you
is a really big part of brewing beer you don’t want your swimming pool water to
don’t want your swimming pool water to
don’t want your swimming pool water to brew that beer and the really cool thing
brew that beer and the really cool thing
brew that beer and the really cool thing that I figured out is that there’s a
that I figured out is that there’s a
that I figured out is that there’s a bunch of these little little small loops
bunch of these little little small loops
bunch of these little little small loops everywhere you go and after looking at
everywhere you go and after looking at
everywhere you go and after looking at it there’s one thing that I really want
it there’s one thing that I really want
it there’s one thing that I really want to get across is that water is different
to get across is that water is different
to get across is that water is different it comes in different shapes and
it comes in different shapes and
it comes in different shapes and different flavors and different sizes
different flavors and different sizes
different flavors and different sizes you can think about it as like a big
you can think about it as like a big
you can think about it as like a big control board right you have all these
control board right you have all these
control board right you have all these levers triggers and switches and if you
levers triggers and switches and if you
levers triggers and switches and if you have a swimming pool you’re going to
have a swimming pool you’re going to
have a swimming pool you’re going to increase the chlorine if you have an
increase the chlorine if you have an
increase the chlorine if you have an agriculture you’re going to increase the
agriculture you’re going to increase the
agriculture you’re going to increase the nitrates you may add levers you may
nitrates you may add levers you may
nitrates you may add levers you may subtract levers
subtract levers
subtract levers there’s picture over years of the
there’s picture over years of the
there’s picture over years of the Olympics in Rio the green pool on the
Olympics in Rio the green pool on the
Olympics in Rio the green pool on the side it doesn’t look so good right it
side it doesn’t look so good right it
side it doesn’t look so good right it was a loop it was a measure understand
was a loop it was a measure understand
was a loop it was a measure understand fixed loop that was not managed properly
fixed loop that was not managed properly
fixed loop that was not managed properly the chlorine was low which ended up
the chlorine was low which ended up
the chlorine was low which ended up causing algae to grow thus causing a
causing algae to grow thus causing a
causing algae to grow thus causing a green pool all this talk about pools by
green pool all this talk about pools by
green pool all this talk about pools by the way I actually used to be a pool boy
the way I actually used to be a pool boy
the way I actually used to be a pool boy down down in Southern California my
down down in Southern California my
down down in Southern California my parents used to own a chain of pool and
parents used to own a chain of pool and
parents used to own a chain of pool and spa supply stores and by the way I
spa supply stores and by the way I
spa supply stores and by the way I looked absolutely amazing and semuc
looked absolutely amazing and semuc
looked absolutely amazing and semuc little short you know lifeguard red
little short you know lifeguard red
little short you know lifeguard red shorts
shorts
shorts I still remember riding around the
I still remember riding around the
I still remember riding around the pickup truck we would go from house to
pickup truck we would go from house to
pickup truck we would go from house to house like a pool boy does and they
house like a pool boy does and they
house like a pool boy does and they would take a test of the water take the
would take a test of the water take the
would take a test of the water take the little four drops if any of you have
little four drops if any of you have
little four drops if any of you have ever tested a pool before you look at
ever tested a pool before you look at
ever tested a pool before you look at the pH you look at the chlorine I would
the pH you look at the chlorine I would
the pH you look at the chlorine I would figure out this is what it needs and you
figure out this is what it needs and you
figure out this is what it needs and you would put the chlorine in to give a safe
would put the chlorine in to give a safe
would put the chlorine in to give a safe environment for these homeowners to
environment for these homeowners to
environment for these homeowners to swimmin fast forward a few years my
swimmin fast forward a few years my
swimmin fast forward a few years my company up in San Francisco we had this
company up in San Francisco we had this
company up in San Francisco we had this idea why don’t we automate this process
idea why don’t we automate this process
idea why don’t we automate this process why don’t we build a robot in a sense of
why don’t we build a robot in a sense of
why don’t we build a robot in a sense of John snow that can automatically measure
John snow that can automatically measure
John snow that can automatically measure the pool chemistry tell you what your
the pool chemistry tell you what your
the pool chemistry tell you what your chemicals are and then you go ahead and
chemicals are and then you go ahead and
chemicals are and then you go ahead and put it in and we built just that we have
put it in and we built just that we have
put it in and we built just that we have a little floating robot Wi-Fi connected
a little floating robot Wi-Fi connected
a little floating robot Wi-Fi connected have your app tells you what chemicals
have your app tells you what chemicals
have your app tells you what chemicals to put in and if you don’t have them we
to put in and if you don’t have them we
to put in and if you don’t have them we use your Hamazon primer credit card get
use your Hamazon primer credit card get
use your Hamazon primer credit card get it delivered to your house the next day
it delivered to your house the next day
it delivered to your house the next day and we looked at and we said there is
and we looked at and we said there is
and we looked at and we said there is more to water than just pools right
more to water than just pools right
more to water than just pools right these loops exist everywhere how do we
these loops exist everywhere how do we
these loops exist everywhere how do we take this this robot that we built and
take this this robot that we built and
take this this robot that we built and deployed around the world so we don’t
deployed around the world so we don’t
deployed around the world so we don’t have problems like Jon Snow did in
have problems like Jon Snow did in
have problems like Jon Snow did in London right how do we how do we get
London right how do we how do we get
London right how do we how do we get massive deployment of these robots and
when we started looking at this we
when we started looking at this we realized that because of these little
realized that because of these little
realized that because of these little measure understand fixed loops you need
measure understand fixed loops you need
measure understand fixed loops you need to have a library of understanding of if
to have a library of understanding of if
to have a library of understanding of if this water is going to be used for a
this water is going to be used for a
this water is going to be used for a swimming pool you need to put chlorine
swimming pool you need to put chlorine
swimming pool you need to put chlorine here’s the equations that go with that
here’s the equations that go with that
here’s the equations that go with that if you need to use this water for
if you need to use this water for
if you need to use this water for agriculture you need to put more
agriculture you need to put more
agriculture you need to put more nitrates here’s the equation that goes
nitrates here’s the equation that goes
nitrates here’s the equation that goes with that what you end up building is
with that what you end up building is
with that what you end up building is this library or this instruction book of
this library or this instruction book of
this library or this instruction book of all these little mini instructions of
all these little mini instructions of
all these little mini instructions of how you’re going to use the water that’s
how you’re going to use the water that’s
how you’re going to use the water that’s coming in for the purpose you need to
coming in for the purpose you need to
coming in for the purpose you need to use it for just like the human genome
use it for just like the human genome
use it for just like the human genome what if we had built the water genome
what if we had built the water genome
what if we had built the water genome and when we ask this question we started
and when we ask this question we started
and when we ask this question we started looking at where water is a problem
looking at where water is a problem
looking at where water is a problem around the world is it just John snow is
around the world is it just John snow is
around the world is it just John snow is it this isolated incident in London or
it this isolated incident in London or
it this isolated incident in London or does it happen around the world and so
does it happen around the world and so
does it happen around the world and so there’s three stories I want to talk
there’s three stories I want to talk
there’s three stories I want to talk about today of how this genome and this
about today of how this genome and this
about today of how this genome and this robotics platform can change the way
robotics platform can change the way
robotics platform can change the way that we look at water the first let’s go
that we look at water the first let’s go
that we look at water the first let’s go to Flint Michigan in Flint they move the
to Flint Michigan in Flint they move the
to Flint Michigan in Flint they move the water source to the Flint River
water source to the Flint River
water source to the Flint River and this chemical cocktail inside of
and this chemical cocktail inside of
and this chemical cocktail inside of this new water source was slightly
this new water source was slightly
this new water source was slightly different than what they were actually
different than what they were actually
different than what they were actually getting their water from as this water
getting their water from as this water
getting their water from as this water percolated through the piping and ended
percolated through the piping and ended
percolated through the piping and ended up into the houses turn on your tap pour
up into the houses turn on your tap pour
up into the houses turn on your tap pour yourself a glass of water what ended up
yourself a glass of water what ended up
yourself a glass of water what ended up happening is this cocktail activated
happening is this cocktail activated
happening is this cocktail activated lead in the pipes in a particular area
lead in the pipes in a particular area
lead in the pipes in a particular area you now have lead in your water
you now have lead in your water
you now have lead in your water thousands of children have unsafe levels
thousands of children have unsafe levels
thousands of children have unsafe levels of lead in them right now by the way
of lead in them right now by the way
of lead in them right now by the way this is in 2012 not in 1854 second place
this is in 2012 not in 1854 second place
this is in 2012 not in 1854 second place I want to take you to is Kenya the World
I want to take you to is Kenya the World
I want to take you to is Kenya the World Health Organisation says that water and
Health Organisation says that water and
Health Organisation says that water and water related diseases are the largest
water related diseases are the largest
water related diseases are the largest killer in the world outside of wars
killer in the world outside of wars
killer in the world outside of wars outside of terrorism waterborne
outside of terrorism waterborne
outside of terrorism waterborne illnesses are a serious thing and people
illnesses are a serious thing and people
illnesses are a serious thing and people travel miles to go get their water right
travel miles to go get their water right
travel miles to go get their water right what if we could take this robotics
what if we could take this robotics
what if we could take this robotics platform with the water genome and
platform with the water genome and
platform with the water genome and deploy them at a well in say Kenya or in
deploy them at a well in say Kenya or in
deploy them at a well in say Kenya or in Nigeria or in India or heck hey here in
Nigeria or in India or heck hey here in
Nigeria or in India or heck hey here in Flint what if the thing measured the
Flint what if the thing measured the
Flint what if the thing measured the chemistry at the well and we sent a text
chemistry at the well and we sent a text
chemistry at the well and we sent a text message to the to the village head we
message to the to the village head we
message to the to the village head we said hey well number 364 has an issue do
said hey well number 364 has an issue do
said hey well number 364 has an issue do not drink from that well better yet we
not drink from that well better yet we
not drink from that well better yet we sent the message to a nonprofit that is
sent the message to a nonprofit that is
sent the message to a nonprofit that is maybe managing that well this well needs
maybe managing that well this well needs
maybe managing that well this well needs more chemicals now I take you here close
more chemicals now I take you here close
more chemicals now I take you here close to home in the Salinas Valley
to home in the Salinas Valley
to home in the Salinas Valley water is a lifeblood for people here in
water is a lifeblood for people here in
water is a lifeblood for people here in the valley and for any agrarian
the valley and for any agrarian
the valley and for any agrarian community I was actually talking to a
community I was actually talking to a
community I was actually talking to a daughter of a farmer the other day and I
daughter of a farmer the other day and I
daughter of a farmer the other day and I want for one second all of us to
want for one second all of us to
want for one second all of us to abstract ourselves of what we think
abstract ourselves of what we think
abstract ourselves of what we think water is take yourself away from the
water is take yourself away from the
water is take yourself away from the shower from the tap from the swimming
shower from the tap from the swimming
shower from the tap from the swimming pool water pays this girl is ballerina
pool water pays this girl is ballerina
pool water pays this girl is ballerina classes it pays for her college tuition
classes it pays for her college tuition
classes it pays for her college tuition now imagine what the drought did to the
now imagine what the drought did to the
now imagine what the drought did to the Parma’s here and as this drought
Parma’s here and as this drought
Parma’s here and as this drought affected the farmers in the valley they
affected the farmers in the valley they
affected the farmers in the valley they had to dig deeper and deeper and deeper
had to dig deeper and deeper and deeper
had to dig deeper and deeper and deeper underground in search for water
underground in search for water
underground in search for water to grow so need to feed the us and as
to grow so need to feed the us and as
to grow so need to feed the us and as the water came out they had to over
the water came out they had to over
the water came out they had to over fertilize right they have to make up for
fertilize right they have to make up for
fertilize right they have to make up for the nutrients in the well and as they
the nutrients in the well and as they
the nutrients in the well and as they over fertilize they planted the crops
over fertilize they planted the crops
over fertilize they planted the crops this water ended up going into runoff
this water ended up going into runoff
this water ended up going into runoff and now they’ve over fertilized this
and now they’ve over fertilized this
and now they’ve over fertilized this water that’s going back into the
water that’s going back into the
water that’s going back into the groundwater they’re polluting these
groundwater they’re polluting these
groundwater they’re polluting these ground wells what if we could take this
ground wells what if we could take this
ground wells what if we could take this robotics platform coupled with the
robotics platform coupled with the
robotics platform coupled with the genome project put it at the input water
genome project put it at the input water
genome project put it at the input water source we know what the water chemistry
source we know what the water chemistry
source we know what the water chemistry is coming out hey mr. and mrs. farmer
is coming out hey mr. and mrs. farmer
is coming out hey mr. and mrs. farmer add this particular fertilizer and after
add this particular fertilizer and after
add this particular fertilizer and after it comes out for the runoff
it comes out for the runoff
it comes out for the runoff let’s take a look at it if it’s too
let’s take a look at it if it’s too
let’s take a look at it if it’s too polluted to go into the ground we’ll
polluted to go into the ground we’ll
polluted to go into the ground we’ll stop it and put it somewhere else
stop it and put it somewhere else
stop it and put it somewhere else everything I said just touches the tip
everything I said just touches the tip
everything I said just touches the tip of the iceberg we need a better
of the iceberg we need a better
of the iceberg we need a better understanding of water because we cannot
understanding of water because we cannot
understanding of water because we cannot live without it the next time you open
live without it the next time you open
live without it the next time you open up your tap just understand when you
up your tap just understand when you
up your tap just understand when you look at that glass of water being filled
look at that glass of water being filled
look at that glass of water being filled up water is more than just water join
up water is more than just water join
up water is more than just water join the revolution there’s plenty of room
the revolution there’s plenty of room
the revolution there’s plenty of room for all of us thank you
for all of us thank you
for all of us thank you [Applause]
”
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