I really want to thank the organizers for having me here Marty because in
for having me here Marty because in
for having me here Marty because in scientific technological and management
scientific technological and management
scientific technological and management Institute’s his she is given a very low
Institute’s his she is given a very low
Institute’s his she is given a very low epistemological status and I hope to
epistemological status and I hope to
epistemological status and I hope to awaken you are to think of history in
awaken you are to think of history in
awaken you are to think of history in other ways and so the title of my talk
other ways and so the title of my talk
other ways and so the title of my talk is really hard fact the reason why I
is really hard fact the reason why I
is really hard fact the reason why I begin with this enigmatic title is
begin with this enigmatic title is
begin with this enigmatic title is because few of us know that the way we
because few of us know that the way we
because few of us know that the way we understand history today is something of
understand history today is something of
understand history today is something of what he merged in Europe in the 18th
what he merged in Europe in the 18th
what he merged in Europe in the 18th century when history was put within the
century when history was put within the
century when history was put within the mode of being considered a science with
mode of being considered a science with
mode of being considered a science with a particular scientific network that
a particular scientific network that
a particular scientific network that emerged out of the language when
emerged out of the language when
emerged out of the language when tradition of the 18th century and then
tradition of the 18th century and then
tradition of the 18th century and then in the nineteenth century there were the
in the nineteenth century there were the
in the nineteenth century there were the positivists that told us that everything
positivists that told us that everything
positivists that told us that everything was about in refutable facts and about
was about in refutable facts and about
was about in refutable facts and about objectivity in history and anybody would
objectivity in history and anybody would
objectivity in history and anybody would need any history other than that would
need any history other than that would
need any history other than that would be a heretic ah so of the see when we
be a heretic ah so of the see when we
be a heretic ah so of the see when we moved into the 20th century it came
moved into the 20th century it came
moved into the 20th century it came quite a challenge for historians to talk
quite a challenge for historians to talk
quite a challenge for historians to talk about history in absolutely objective
about history in absolutely objective
about history in absolutely objective ways so though in the
though in the 20th century a balanced
though in the 20th century a balanced approach about the way we do history
approach about the way we do history
approach about the way we do history emerged the question that was boggling
emerged the question that was boggling
emerged the question that was boggling one of us was that can objectivity we
one of us was that can objectivity we
one of us was that can objectivity we really really achieved and the
really really achieved and the
really really achieved and the realization was that objectivity cannot
realization was that objectivity cannot
realization was that objectivity cannot feelingly achieve it is desirable of
feelingly achieve it is desirable of
feelingly achieve it is desirable of course but it cannot really be achieved
course but it cannot really be achieved
course but it cannot really be achieved and so we had historical accounts that
and so we had historical accounts that
and so we had historical accounts that told us about the fact that history
told us about the fact that history
told us about the fact that history should be considered as a kind of a
should be considered as a kind of a
should be considered as a kind of a continuous dialogue between the past and
continuous dialogue between the past and
continuous dialogue between the past and the present and a continuous dialogue
the present and a continuous dialogue
the present and a continuous dialogue between the historian and his facts
between the historian and his facts
between the historian and his facts never no facts of course but his facts
never no facts of course but his facts
never no facts of course but his facts so we had this famous historian that was
so we had this famous historian that was
so we had this famous historian that was a eh Carr who wrote about this but then
a eh Carr who wrote about this but then
a eh Carr who wrote about this but then what about facts how do you look for
what about facts how do you look for
what about facts how do you look for facts and very few people realize that
facts and very few people realize that
facts and very few people realize that facts actually are those that are
facts actually are those that are
facts actually are those that are something like fishing a big portion
something like fishing a big portion
something like fishing a big portion facts have to be looked for
facts have to be looked for
facts have to be looked for sometimes the ocean is huge and we don’t
sometimes the ocean is huge and we don’t
sometimes the ocean is huge and we don’t find the facts over there and sometimes
find the facts over there and sometimes
find the facts over there and sometimes what you’ll find is that they’re not
what you’ll find is that they’re not
what you’ll find is that they’re not really using the correct cattle to find
really using the correct cattle to find
really using the correct cattle to find the fish so it was this very obsessive
the fish so it was this very obsessive
the fish so it was this very obsessive question of how does the historian find
question of how does the historian find
question of how does the historian find facts and with this 19th century making
facts and with this 19th century making
facts and with this 19th century making century obsession of looking at history
century obsession of looking at history
century obsession of looking at history as science it became exceedingly
as science it became exceedingly
as science it became exceedingly difficult to find pure facts so
difficult to find pure facts so
difficult to find pure facts so ultimately by the end of the 20th
ultimately by the end of the 20th
ultimately by the end of the 20th century there was that is well not
century there was that is well not
century there was that is well not decision but collective endeavor of
decision but collective endeavor of
decision but collective endeavor of historians to talk about all history is
historians to talk about all history is
historians to talk about all history is about interpretation so there was
about interpretation so there was
about interpretation so there was philosopher historian and fisherman who
philosopher historian and fisherman who
philosopher historian and fisherman who tells us that uh you know it depends on
tells us that uh you know it depends on
tells us that uh you know it depends on where you stand if you’re writing within
where you stand if you’re writing within
where you stand if you’re writing within called a modern prison then you will be
called a modern prison then you will be
called a modern prison then you will be looking towards facts and finally events
looking towards facts and finally events
looking towards facts and finally events behind facts but if you are not writing
behind facts but if you are not writing
behind facts but if you are not writing in a modernist context then you
in a modernist context then you
in a modernist context then you eventually is constructed within the
eventually is constructed within the
eventually is constructed within the question of power power is really
question of power power is really
question of power power is really important power not only ruling power
important power not only ruling power
important power not only ruling power but power to control theory and power to
but power to control theory and power to
but power to control theory and power to also control Network so how we do is
also control Network so how we do is
also control Network so how we do is treat how we practice history is
treat how we practice history is
treat how we practice history is entwined in power we don’t realize that
entwined in power we don’t realize that
entwined in power we don’t realize that but history is about father
but history is about father
but history is about father nation-states write histories because
nation-states write histories because
nation-states write histories because they want to regenerate a certain kind
they want to regenerate a certain kind
they want to regenerate a certain kind of identity for themselves so when the
of identity for themselves so when the
of identity for themselves so when the colonial rulers told us about how to do
colonial rulers told us about how to do
colonial rulers told us about how to do this tree because that was the craft of
this tree because that was the craft of
this tree because that was the craft of history tithing that they taught us they
history tithing that they taught us they
history tithing that they taught us they actually told us about political
actually told us about political
actually told us about political historical knowledge and they garius
historical knowledge and they garius
historical knowledge and they garius history textbooks that were all about
history textbooks that were all about
history textbooks that were all about wars and kings and dates and so on when
wars and kings and dates and so on when
wars and kings and dates and so on when they were frustrated with the
they were frustrated with the
they were frustrated with the information that was available in our
information that was available in our
information that was available in our sources they began to look at ancient
sources they began to look at ancient
sources they began to look at ancient Indian literature and in ancient Indian
Indian literature and in ancient Indian
Indian literature and in ancient Indian literature they found heroes and they
literature they found heroes and they
literature they found heroes and they found the dominant classes and so they
found the dominant classes and so they
found the dominant classes and so they started telling us about heroes and
started telling us about heroes and
started telling us about heroes and ominous classes the nationalist
ominous classes the nationalist
ominous classes the nationalist historians were no different they use
historians were no different they use
historians were no different they use the same method logical apparatus and
the same method logical apparatus and
the same method logical apparatus and that is why we have textbooks that were
that is why we have textbooks that were
that is why we have textbooks that were so boring full of dates and much of it
so boring full of dates and much of it
so boring full of dates and much of it is what you must have grown up with and
is what you must have grown up with and
is what you must have grown up with and therefore some of you must have studied
therefore some of you must have studied
therefore some of you must have studied history in school and if you go to the
history in school and if you go to the
history in school and if you go to the next slide you will see that all of us
next slide you will see that all of us
next slide you will see that all of us began our history textbooks especially
began our history textbooks especially
began our history textbooks especially when we were really reading about the
when we were really reading about the
when we were really reading about the political events with the Alexander the
political events with the Alexander the
political events with the Alexander the Great’s invasion of northwestern India
Great’s invasion of northwestern India
Great’s invasion of northwestern India just recollect and the image that I’m
just recollect and the image that I’m
just recollect and the image that I’m showing you is actually an image that
showing you is actually an image that
showing you is actually an image that was published in 18th century in a
was published in 18th century in a
was published in 18th century in a Persian texts for the Sharma the
Persian texts for the Sharma the
Persian texts for the Sharma the Persians
Persians
Persians this information from the Greeks but the
this information from the Greeks but the
this information from the Greeks but the memory of Alexandra’s invasion of
memory of Alexandra’s invasion of
memory of Alexandra’s invasion of northwestern India was to tell us about
northwestern India was to tell us about
northwestern India was to tell us about his conversation with some worms on the
his conversation with some worms on the
his conversation with some worms on the banks of the river Sindhu but just look
banks of the river Sindhu but just look
banks of the river Sindhu but just look at this this picture shows you much less
at this this picture shows you much less
at this this picture shows you much less than what we really know the invasion
than what we really know the invasion
than what we really know the invasion was about violence but there is nothing
was about violence but there is nothing
was about violence but there is nothing of violence in the documentation and in
of violence in the documentation and in
of violence in the documentation and in fact if you really look at it closely it
fact if you really look at it closely it
fact if you really look at it closely it is a conversation of dominance right
is a conversation of dominance right
is a conversation of dominance right it’s a one-way conversation and
it’s a one-way conversation and
it’s a one-way conversation and something that your text books did tell
something that your text books did tell
something that your text books did tell you about was that there were other ways
you about was that there were other ways
you about was that there were other ways of documenting and the other ways of
of documenting and the other ways of
of documenting and the other ways of documenting was that none of the Indian
documenting was that none of the Indian
documenting was that none of the Indian retreat texts dr. Murthy and inside this
retreat texts dr. Murthy and inside this
retreat texts dr. Murthy and inside this addition they actually talked about
addition they actually talked about
addition they actually talked about yamanami which was the fighting of the
yamanami which was the fighting of the
yamanami which was the fighting of the Greeks which was known in our
Greeks which was known in our
Greeks which was known in our grammatical texts like those of money we
grammatical texts like those of money we
grammatical texts like those of money we knew about the yavanas that is the
knew about the yavanas that is the
knew about the yavanas that is the greeks who are a mixed cast or a mix
greeks who are a mixed cast or a mix
greeks who are a mixed cast or a mix jockey having interacted with the people
jockey having interacted with the people
jockey having interacted with the people we knew about the yavanas as degraded
we knew about the yavanas as degraded
we knew about the yavanas as degraded areas we also know the governor as very
areas we also know the governor as very
areas we also know the governor as very great and knowledgeable people in the
great and knowledgeable people in the
great and knowledgeable people in the knowledge of astronomy and in fact they
knowledge of astronomy and in fact they
knowledge of astronomy and in fact they should be honored like Rishi so this
should be honored like Rishi so this
should be honored like Rishi so this kind of information in the Indian route
kind of information in the Indian route
kind of information in the Indian route resources was actually telling you about
resources was actually telling you about
resources was actually telling you about of people and not about the invaders and
of people and not about the invaders and
of people and not about the invaders and not about the victors the victors are
not about the victors the victors are
not about the victors the victors are nowhere visible in these sources but we
nowhere visible in these sources but we
nowhere visible in these sources but we are not told about them so the emphasis
are not told about them so the emphasis
are not told about them so the emphasis was much more on interactions in the
was much more on interactions in the
was much more on interactions in the sources that we had then about
sources that we had then about
sources that we had then about impositions however look at this history
impositions however look at this history
impositions however look at this history how frustrating can it get folks there
how frustrating can it get folks there
how frustrating can it get folks there is a leading historian standing in front
is a leading historian standing in front
is a leading historian standing in front of you idea all the time writing and
of you idea all the time writing and
of you idea all the time writing and researching only his story so obviously
researching only his story so obviously
researching only his story so obviously a great expansion had begun in the way
a great expansion had begun in the way
a great expansion had begun in the way we looked at history of course the
we looked at history of course the
we looked at history of course the reason why our history is history is
reason why our history is history is
reason why our history is history is because a very fair
because a very fair
because a very fair English at adage some of you may know we
English at adage some of you may know we
English at adage some of you may know we started our TED talk this morning with a
started our TED talk this morning with a
started our TED talk this morning with a job issues sort of famous ad inches
job issues sort of famous ad inches
job issues sort of famous ad inches about histories about Jax and
about histories about Jax and
about histories about Jax and geographies about naps and so where
geographies about naps and so where
geographies about naps and so where humanity for there is half of humanity
humanity for there is half of humanity
humanity for there is half of humanity half of humanity women in particular and
half of humanity women in particular and
half of humanity women in particular and we’ll importantly from my particular
we’ll importantly from my particular
we’ll importantly from my particular concern there is the history of ordinary
concern there is the history of ordinary
concern there is the history of ordinary everyday activities we hardly as any
everyday activities we hardly as any
everyday activities we hardly as any history in our text books about ordinary
history in our text books about ordinary
history in our text books about ordinary everyday activities of subordinate
everyday activities of subordinate
everyday activities of subordinate peoples of farmers and traders are
peoples of farmers and traders are
peoples of farmers and traders are professionals and of course of the
professionals and of course of the
professionals and of course of the laboring classes so the unseen and the
laboring classes so the unseen and the
laboring classes so the unseen and the unspoken it speaks it seems to me but
unspoken it speaks it seems to me but
unspoken it speaks it seems to me but those that were not written about the
those that were not written about the
those that were not written about the history was always of the victors so how
history was always of the victors so how
history was always of the victors so how do we move forward how do we move
do we move forward how do we move
do we move forward how do we move forward we have to differentiate my
forward we have to differentiate my
forward we have to differentiate my presentation is going to tell you about
presentation is going to tell you about
presentation is going to tell you about this we have to differentiate between
this we have to differentiate between
this we have to differentiate between different types of history remember
different types of history remember
different types of history remember history recover history and invented
history recover history and invented
history recover history and invented history and it is remembered history
history and it is remembered history
history and it is remembered history that I want to share with you which
that I want to share with you which
that I want to share with you which would be what in the Indian context we
would be what in the Indian context we
would be what in the Indian context we call the EP as Quran traditions this
call the EP as Quran traditions this
call the EP as Quran traditions this history is the inherited history Rafi it
history is the inherited history Rafi it
history is the inherited history Rafi it is the collective memory of a community
is the collective memory of a community
is the collective memory of a community nation or some other entity which we
nation or some other entity which we
nation or some other entity which we really need to focus on the only
really need to focus on the only
really need to focus on the only interest in knowledge is archaeologists
interest in knowledge is archaeologists
interest in knowledge is archaeologists tell us about strips that supposedly had
tell us about strips that supposedly had
tell us about strips that supposedly had all lost
all lost
all lost like for example Africa instructions or
like for example Africa instructions or
like for example Africa instructions or the shaft vimana points and they came
the shaft vimana points and they came
the shaft vimana points and they came along and recovered that but ultimately
along and recovered that but ultimately
along and recovered that but ultimately what they gave us was a meant industry
what they gave us was a meant industry
what they gave us was a meant industry this is something that
this is something that
this is something that born from a book entitled by the being
born from a book entitled by the being
born from a book entitled by the being remembered recovered and invented
remembered recovered and invented
remembered recovered and invented history by Ronald Lewis who then tells
history by Ronald Lewis who then tells
history by Ronald Lewis who then tells us that history is so selective it is
us that history is so selective it is
us that history is so selective it is only about national regeneration it’s
only about national regeneration it’s
only about national regeneration it’s only about celebration of great
only about celebration of great
only about celebration of great victories and it’s only about great
victories and it’s only about great
victories and it’s only about great events so if you want to really take a
events so if you want to really take a
events so if you want to really take a look seriously at the collector
look seriously at the collector
look seriously at the collector historical consciousness then you need
historical consciousness then you need
historical consciousness then you need to focus on what we call the collection
to focus on what we call the collection
to focus on what we call the collection is sort of consciousness and the
is sort of consciousness and the
is sort of consciousness and the collective historical consciousness will
collective historical consciousness will
collective historical consciousness will be direct opposition to the philosophy
be direct opposition to the philosophy
be direct opposition to the philosophy of history that is known to us in
of history that is known to us in
of history that is known to us in modernity now I’m not saying if you have
modernity now I’m not saying if you have
modernity now I’m not saying if you have such an underlying psychological basis
such an underlying psychological basis
such an underlying psychological basis but what eating us does is that it is
but what eating us does is that it is
but what eating us does is that it is focused on a sickness notion of time it
focused on a sickness notion of time it
focused on a sickness notion of time it doesn’t give importance to our
doesn’t give importance to our
doesn’t give importance to our historical event but rather against
historical event but rather against
historical event but rather against importance to how order in society
importance to how order in society
importance to how order in society should be mundane and many disorder
should be mundane and many disorder
should be mundane and many disorder emerges in society then those past
emerges in society then those past
emerges in society then those past events which are relevant to eliminate
events which are relevant to eliminate
events which are relevant to eliminate for a society relevant that’s very
for a society relevant that’s very
for a society relevant that’s very important only those should be
important only those should be
important only those should be represented so in a sense we have before
represented so in a sense we have before
represented so in a sense we have before us some type of a struggle going on and
us some type of a struggle going on and
us some type of a struggle going on and using this illustration of the Samudra
using this illustration of the Samudra
using this illustration of the Samudra Manthan
Manthan
Manthan which some of you may have grown up at
which some of you may have grown up at
which some of you may have grown up at the length of the ceramics firm answer
the length of the ceramics firm answer
the length of the ceramics firm answer which is about a struggle between the
which is about a struggle between the
which is about a struggle between the bodies in the demons for the part of
bodies in the demons for the part of
bodies in the demons for the part of Ambrosia of negative of Amrita so here
Ambrosia of negative of Amrita so here
Ambrosia of negative of Amrita so here we have the good in the evil and what we
we have the good in the evil and what we
we have the good in the evil and what we are talking about is the struggle
are talking about is the struggle
are talking about is the struggle between history anything us do I’m going
between history anything us do I’m going
between history anything us do I’m going to be really should not be talking in
to be really should not be talking in
to be really should not be talking in binary terms because it’s between the
binary terms because it’s between the
binary terms because it’s between the Smithsonian remember there are also grey
Smithsonian remember there are also grey
Smithsonian remember there are also grey areas of existence and various people
areas of existence and various people
areas of existence and various people are good but they also sometimes that
are good but they also sometimes that
are good but they also sometimes that people are bad there
people are bad there
people are bad there sometimes good and therefore the future
sometimes good and therefore the future
sometimes good and therefore the future of history should be drawing upon both
of history should be drawing upon both
of history should be drawing upon both he has as their as history and I am
he has as their as history and I am
he has as their as history and I am given an active glass illustration over
given an active glass illustration over
given an active glass illustration over here for all of you just to summarize
here for all of you just to summarize
here for all of you just to summarize this part move on to our solution
this part move on to our solution
this part move on to our solution history is usually about linearity
history is usually about linearity
history is usually about linearity giving importance to a value is always
giving importance to a value is always
giving importance to a value is always written in the house is cyclic it’s
written in the house is cyclic it’s
written in the house is cyclic it’s about collective consciousness and it is
about collective consciousness and it is
about collective consciousness and it is about memory
about memory
about memory so therefore the questions of imposition
so therefore the questions of imposition
so therefore the questions of imposition questions the violence etc are dealt
questions the violence etc are dealt
questions the violence etc are dealt differently by both these two modes of
differently by both these two modes of
differently by both these two modes of historical writing are etiology is very
historical writing are etiology is very
historical writing are etiology is very important for history sometimes I gotta
important for history sometimes I gotta
important for history sometimes I gotta choose to resurrect the ideal in a
choose to resurrect the ideal in a
choose to resurrect the ideal in a society it is always combative you will
society it is always combative you will
society it is always combative you will stick to your ideological position it’s
stick to your ideological position it’s
stick to your ideological position it’s always about closure
always about closure
always about closure whereas eg Hoss is much more on meaning
whereas eg Hoss is much more on meaning
whereas eg Hoss is much more on meaning it’s about opening up
it’s about opening up
it’s about opening up it’s about debate the other day the
it’s about debate the other day the
it’s about debate the other day the president with Ian told us that by
president with Ian told us that by
president with Ian told us that by nature we are are competitive Indians
nature we are are competitive Indians
nature we are are competitive Indians and that comes for these traditions of
and that comes for these traditions of
and that comes for these traditions of argumentation and if we to history then
argumentation and if we to history then
argumentation and if we to history then I conclude then we are surfing the
I conclude then we are surfing the
I conclude then we are surfing the ideology of a society and making it the
ideology of a society and making it the
ideology of a society and making it the real of the story the past that is
real of the story the past that is
real of the story the past that is historical reality is the ideology of us
historical reality is the ideology of us
historical reality is the ideology of us body on the other hand if you say it
body on the other hand if you say it
body on the other hand if you say it alas then you’re talking about meaning
alas then you’re talking about meaning
alas then you’re talking about meaning and you’re opening up texts and wanting
and you’re opening up texts and wanting
and you’re opening up texts and wanting to read write and really interpret as I
to read write and really interpret as I
to read write and really interpret as I would say so are we going to feed from
would say so are we going to feed from
would say so are we going to feed from would eh Carr told us that the past is
would eh Carr told us that the past is
would eh Carr told us that the past is not an alien land it is a constant
not an alien land it is a constant
not an alien land it is a constant dialogue between the present and the
dialogue between the present and the
dialogue between the present and the past the past is not really the past
past the past is not really the past
past the past is not really the past it’s constantly the present and you have
it’s constantly the present and you have
it’s constantly the present and you have to engage with them and as a
to engage with them and as a
to engage with them and as a professional historian then I engaged
professional historian then I engaged
professional historian then I engaged with local history I was telling
with local history I was telling
with local history I was telling everybody in the break that I came from
everybody in the break that I came from
everybody in the break that I came from Delhi I got to catch it in what is
Delhi I got to catch it in what is
Delhi I got to catch it in what is another what was then interpretation
another what was then interpretation
another what was then interpretation everyone loved the backyard was very
everyone loved the backyard was very
everyone loved the backyard was very important to understand local history
important to understand local history
important to understand local history and thought we have to engage with
and thought we have to engage with
and thought we have to engage with people around us and in this quotation
people around us and in this quotation
people around us and in this quotation from Delhi instead we are emphasizing
from Delhi instead we are emphasizing
from Delhi instead we are emphasizing much more on what is the community what
much more on what is the community what
much more on what is the community what is the historical source and what is
is the historical source and what is
is the historical source and what is historical women so memory empirical
historical women so memory empirical
historical women so memory empirical fact as well all taken together I
fact as well all taken together I
fact as well all taken together I initiated with an example then I could
initiated with an example then I could
initiated with an example then I could make use of this opportunity to tell
make use of this opportunity to tell
make use of this opportunity to tell everybody in this room that they should
everybody in this room that they should
everybody in this room that they should go and visit another to the saga on a
go and visit another to the saga on a
go and visit another to the saga on a virtual banda it’s not really far from
virtual banda it’s not really far from
virtual banda it’s not really far from here about 350 kilometres and you will
here about 350 kilometres and you will
here about 350 kilometres and you will see what I’m really talking about what
see what I’m really talking about what
see what I’m really talking about what I’m really talking about is that in the
I’m really talking about is that in the
I’m really talking about is that in the early years of Independence a professor
early years of Independence a professor
early years of Independence a professor mr. jaha katana and the first Prime
mr. jaha katana and the first Prime
mr. jaha katana and the first Prime Minister of India had it’s me and the
Minister of India had it’s me and the
Minister of India had it’s me and the dream was to create a temples of modern
dream was to create a temples of modern
dream was to create a temples of modern India which was create a big dance and
India which was create a big dance and
India which was create a big dance and one of the locations was sankirtan saga
one of the locations was sankirtan saga
one of the locations was sankirtan saga the Lord Krishna ie the this would mean
the Lord Krishna ie the this would mean
the Lord Krishna ie the this would mean that there will be a total destruction
that there will be a total destruction
that there will be a total destruction of the archaeological and historical
of the archaeological and historical
of the archaeological and historical science over there it went ahead what if
science over there it went ahead what if
science over there it went ahead what if the historian is true they resurrected
the historian is true they resurrected
the historian is true they resurrected all this archeology all this historical
all this archeology all this historical
all this archeology all this historical monument ation onto a hill which was for
monument ation onto a hill which was for
monument ation onto a hill which was for Nagarjuna Fonda and they have now made
Nagarjuna Fonda and they have now made
Nagarjuna Fonda and they have now made amused in there with a lot of artifacts
amused in there with a lot of artifacts
amused in there with a lot of artifacts illustrations institutions except this
illustrations institutions except this
illustrations institutions except this is our heart for historical information
is our heart for historical information
is our heart for historical information that we’ve been talking about in
that we’ve been talking about in
that we’ve been talking about in industry and this is now the facts of
industry and this is now the facts of
industry and this is now the facts of history found a new home a English novel
history found a new home a English novel
history found a new home a English novel jump on a hill but apart from the
jump on a hill but apart from the
jump on a hill but apart from the historian never the artisans there were
historian never the artisans there were
historian never the artisans there were the writers and another others who were
the writers and another others who were
the writers and another others who were interested in the wealth of what had
interested in the wealth of what had
interested in the wealth of what had happened another view on them and one of
happened another view on them and one of
happened another view on them and one of those riders was a spot about wood Raj
those riders was a spot about wood Raj
those riders was a spot about wood Raj you may have heard about him and he
you may have heard about him and he
you may have heard about him and he wrote a fictional narrative of what life
wrote a fictional narrative of what life
wrote a fictional narrative of what life would have been around neutral corner
would have been around neutral corner
would have been around neutral corner and there he gave a fantastic a saving
and there he gave a fantastic a saving
and there he gave a fantastic a saving account of the Buddhist monks that
account of the Buddhist monks that
account of the Buddhist monks that visited the place he talked about the
visited the place he talked about the
visited the place he talked about the chain Jews who were abducted as
chain Jews who were abducted as
chain Jews who were abducted as communities sitting in the hills around
communities sitting in the hills around
communities sitting in the hills around about it and he talked about the artists
about it and he talked about the artists
about it and he talked about the artists and last but not least he talked about
and last but not least he talked about
and last but not least he talked about those cosmopolitan Romans that were
those cosmopolitan Romans that were
those cosmopolitan Romans that were roaming around all over India during the
roaming around all over India during the
roaming around all over India during the early centuries of the Christian era and
early centuries of the Christian era and
early centuries of the Christian era and they any now this story last part of the
they any now this story last part of the
they any now this story last part of the story was that you should tell you a
story was that you should tell you a
story was that you should tell you a master the omniscient finish telling the
master the omniscient finish telling the
master the omniscient finish telling the Ethiopian slave who came with the woman
Ethiopian slave who came with the woman
Ethiopian slave who came with the woman tell your master to visit other places
tell your master to visit other places
tell your master to visit other places of grave and historical works and then
of grave and historical works and then
of grave and historical works and then the woman said can I have letters of
the woman said can I have letters of
the woman said can I have letters of introduction to all these places and
introduction to all these places and
introduction to all these places and then in the ownership will say you do
then in the ownership will say you do
then in the ownership will say you do not mean letters of introduction in
not mean letters of introduction in
not mean letters of introduction in areas of silence the point being made
areas of silence the point being made
areas of silence the point being made over here is areas of silence become
over here is areas of silence become
over here is areas of silence become areas of silence
areas of silence
areas of silence if the historian doesn’t interact with
if the historian doesn’t interact with
if the historian doesn’t interact with them and just like your Roman artists
them and just like your Roman artists
them and just like your Roman artists who came and engaged with a community
who came and engaged with a community
who came and engaged with a community all of us have to engaged with our noble
all of us have to engaged with our noble
all of us have to engaged with our noble pasts and that I would like to end by
pasts and that I would like to end by
pasts and that I would like to end by suggesting to you you know very you will
suggesting to you you know very you will
suggesting to you you know very you will be confronted with various
be confronted with various
be confronted with various interpretations we have dealt with the
interpretations we have dealt with the
interpretations we have dealt with the colonial interpretations the nationalist
colonial interpretations the nationalist
colonial interpretations the nationalist interpretations we have seen through
interpretations we have seen through
interpretations we have seen through them the key there then you have also
them the key there then you have also
them the key there then you have also questioned the absolutist Marxist
questioned the absolutist Marxist
questioned the absolutist Marxist interpretations and we have given
interpretations and we have given
interpretations and we have given ourselves a kind of an image various
ourselves a kind of an image various
ourselves a kind of an image various currents should not write subaltern
currents should not write subaltern
currents should not write subaltern histories they should write feminist
histories they should write feminist
histories they should write feminist histories they should be writing
histories they should be writing
histories they should be writing histories which questioned or dominant
histories which questioned or dominant
histories which questioned or dominant interpretations of the past and in that
interpretations of the past and in that
interpretations of the past and in that we can generate new theories and in that
we can generate new theories and in that
we can generate new theories and in that we can warn ourselves from using
we can warn ourselves from using
we can warn ourselves from using three four political mobilization indeed
three four political mobilization indeed
three four political mobilization indeed we have moved to perceive history beyond
we have moved to perceive history beyond
we have moved to perceive history beyond fact and I would suggest that a singular
fact and I would suggest that a singular
fact and I would suggest that a singular truth is not the real of the past it is
truth is not the real of the past it is
truth is not the real of the past it is much more complicated and Friends our
much more complicated and Friends our
much more complicated and Friends our lives are very complicated
lives are very complicated
lives are very complicated and so we should look at history as a
and so we should look at history as a
and so we should look at history as a complicated enterprise but nonetheless
complicated enterprise but nonetheless
complicated enterprise but nonetheless weren’t going into because we are what
weren’t going into because we are what
weren’t going into because we are what obviously is anything
obviously is anything
obviously is anything [Applause]
”
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