this is my favorite energy visualization it captures the
it captures the
it captures the energy system it’s awesome isn’t it on
energy system it’s awesome isn’t it on
energy system it’s awesome isn’t it on the left you have the Energy Fuels the
the left you have the Energy Fuels the
the left you have the Energy Fuels the green are renewables the black are
green are renewables the black are
green are renewables the black are fossil fuels and the red is nuclear on
fossil fuels and the red is nuclear on
fossil fuels and the red is nuclear on the right you have energy consumption in
the right you have energy consumption in
the right you have energy consumption in pink electricity generation serves as an
pink electricity generation serves as an
pink electricity generation serves as an intermediary between the fuels and
intermediary between the fuels and
intermediary between the fuels and consumption and is an orange the two
consumption and is an orange the two
consumption and is an orange the two main uses of energy are electricity
main uses of energy are electricity
main uses of energy are electricity generation and transportation however
generation and transportation however
generation and transportation however these two are not very well linked just
these two are not very well linked just
these two are not very well linked just look at the inputs to electricity
look at the inputs to electricity
look at the inputs to electricity generation and look at the inputs to
generation and look at the inputs to
generation and look at the inputs to transportation the fuels aren’t the same
transportation the fuels aren’t the same
transportation the fuels aren’t the same and hardly any electricity goes into
and hardly any electricity goes into
and hardly any electricity goes into transportation I think we should change
transportation I think we should change
transportation I think we should change that and I think that if we electrify
that and I think that if we electrify
that and I think that if we electrify transportation it will lead to a more
transportation it will lead to a more
transportation it will lead to a more resilient and sustainable energy system
resilient and sustainable energy system
resilient and sustainable energy system your first thought might be this is an
your first thought might be this is an
your first thought might be this is an old idea because electric vehicles have
old idea because electric vehicles have
old idea because electric vehicles have no tailpipe emissions and could be
no tailpipe emissions and could be
no tailpipe emissions and could be powered by clean electricity while this
powered by clean electricity while this
powered by clean electricity while this is true this is not the argument I am
is true this is not the argument I am
is true this is not the argument I am making the argument I am making is that
making the argument I am making is that
making the argument I am making is that electrifying transportation will not
electrifying transportation will not
electrifying transportation will not only make the transportation sector more
only make the transportation sector more
only make the transportation sector more resilient and sustainable but other
resilient and sustainable but other
resilient and sustainable but other aspects of the energy system as well
aspects of the energy system as well
aspects of the energy system as well however this is only possible with two
however this is only possible with two
however this is only possible with two clarifications about the nature of
clarifications about the nature of
clarifications about the nature of electrified transportation first
electrified transportation first
electrified transportation first electricity must be able to flow into
electricity must be able to flow into
electricity must be able to flow into and out of electric vehicles and second
and out of electric vehicles and second
and out of electric vehicles and second these vehicles must be self-driving so
these vehicles must be self-driving so
these vehicles must be self-driving so what do I mean by flow both ways the
what do I mean by flow both ways the
what do I mean by flow both ways the more complex term for this is grid
more complex term for this is grid
more complex term for this is grid integrated vehicles or givs
integrated vehicles or givs
integrated vehicles or givs you can see a few of the givs on this
you can see a few of the givs on this
you can see a few of the givs on this graphic think of the electricity grid as
graphic think of the electricity grid as
graphic think of the electricity grid as a giant seesaw with generation on one
a giant seesaw with generation on one
a giant seesaw with generation on one side and consumption on the other at all
side and consumption on the other at all
side and consumption on the other at all instances of time this seesaw has to be
instances of time this seesaw has to be
instances of time this seesaw has to be perfectly balanced in order for the grid
perfectly balanced in order for the grid
perfectly balanced in order for the grid to work the entity that maintains that
to work the entity that maintains that
to work the entity that maintains that balance is the Independent System
balance is the Independent System
balance is the Independent System Operator or ISO givs are a powerful tool
Operator or ISO givs are a powerful tool
Operator or ISO givs are a powerful tool for the ISO because they can send energy
for the ISO because they can send energy
for the ISO because they can send energy into or take energy away from the giv
into or take energy away from the giv
into or take energy away from the giv in order to help keep the grid balanced
in order to help keep the grid balanced
in order to help keep the grid balanced in fact the New York Times reported that
in fact the New York Times reported that
in fact the New York Times reported that the owner of the giv could be paid
the owner of the giv could be paid
the owner of the giv could be paid eighteen hundred dollars a year for this
eighteen hundred dollars a year for this
eighteen hundred dollars a year for this service while the extra equipment costs
service while the extra equipment costs
service while the extra equipment costs would be four hundred dollars
would be four hundred dollars
would be four hundred dollars while the flexibility of giv s are
while the flexibility of giv s are
while the flexibility of giv s are important in today’s grid they would be
important in today’s grid they would be
important in today’s grid they would be invaluable in the future because in the
invaluable in the future because in the
invaluable in the future because in the future power plants will produce when
future power plants will produce when
future power plants will produce when the wind blows and when the Sun shines
the wind blows and when the Sun shines
the wind blows and when the Sun shines to see the implications of this shift my
to see the implications of this shift my
to see the implications of this shift my team and I analyzed the electric grid in
team and I analyzed the electric grid in
team and I analyzed the electric grid in the mid-atlantic region of the United
the mid-atlantic region of the United
the mid-atlantic region of the United States we simulated twenty eight billion
States we simulated twenty eight billion
States we simulated twenty eight billion combinations of land-based wind offshore
combinations of land-based wind offshore
combinations of land-based wind offshore wind solar and storage options over four
wind solar and storage options over four
wind solar and storage options over four years to come up with the least cost
years to come up with the least cost
years to come up with the least cost renewable electric grid let’s look at
renewable electric grid let’s look at
renewable electric grid let’s look at let’s take a look at some of the results
let’s take a look at some of the results
let’s take a look at some of the results of the cheapest option this is a heat
of the cheapest option this is a heat
of the cheapest option this is a heat map it captures information for every
map it captures information for every
map it captures information for every hour of the day for a single year you
hour of the day for a single year you
hour of the day for a single year you could probably tell I’m a data
could probably tell I’m a data
could probably tell I’m a data visualization nerd right so a heat map
visualization nerd right so a heat map
visualization nerd right so a heat map works like this the bottom of the graph
works like this the bottom of the graph
works like this the bottom of the graph is the start of the day and the top of
is the start of the day and the top of
is the start of the day and the top of the graph is the end of the day the left
the graph is the end of the day the left
the graph is the end of the day the left of the graph is the start of the year
of the graph is the start of the year
of the graph is the start of the year and the right of the graph is the end of
and the right of the graph is the end of
and the right of the graph is the end of the year so the middle portion of the
the year so the middle portion of the
the year so the middle portion of the graph of the summer months and the edges
graph of the summer months and the edges
graph of the summer months and the edges are the winter months and going from top
are the winter months and going from top
are the winter months and going from top to bottom the bottom is the start of the
to bottom the bottom is the start of the
to bottom the bottom is the start of the day and the top is the end of the day so
day and the top is the end of the day so
day and the top is the end of the day so this particular heat map is a solar
this particular heat map is a solar
this particular heat map is a solar power production as you would expect
power production as you would expect
power production as you would expect there’s no production at night at the
there’s no production at night at the
there’s no production at night at the bottom at the top of the graph you can
bottom at the top of the graph you can
bottom at the top of the graph you can also see that production Peaks midday
also see that production Peaks midday
also see that production Peaks midday our simulation picked the most cost
our simulation picked the most cost
our simulation picked the most cost effective combination of solar offshore
effective combination of solar offshore
effective combination of solar offshore wind and land-based wind when we added
wind and land-based wind when we added
wind and land-based wind when we added these together in the mid-atlantic
these together in the mid-atlantic
these together in the mid-atlantic region of the United States this is what
region of the United States this is what
region of the United States this is what the total renewable energy production
the total renewable energy production
the total renewable energy production patterns look like so the first thing
patterns look like so the first thing
patterns look like so the first thing you’ll notice is that it’s relatively
you’ll notice is that it’s relatively
you’ll notice is that it’s relatively stable except that in that middle
stable except that in that middle
stable except that in that middle portion of the graph the summer there’s
portion of the graph the summer there’s
portion of the graph the summer there’s a slight dip now we saw the production
a slight dip now we saw the production
a slight dip now we saw the production patterns let’s take a look at this one
patterns let’s take a look at this one
patterns let’s take a look at this one this one is the renewable or this one is
this one is the renewable or this one is
this one is the renewable or this one is the electricity
the electricity
the electricity sumption patterns for the mid-atlantic
sumption patterns for the mid-atlantic
sumption patterns for the mid-atlantic region of the United States for a single
region of the United States for a single
region of the United States for a single year you’ll see those summer months
year you’ll see those summer months
year you’ll see those summer months again jump out at you but this time it’s
again jump out at you but this time it’s
again jump out at you but this time it’s higher consumption and you can also see
higher consumption and you can also see
higher consumption and you can also see that in the winter months there’s
that in the winter months there’s
that in the winter months there’s another spike in consumption and the
another spike in consumption and the
another spike in consumption and the fall in spring months have relatively
fall in spring months have relatively
fall in spring months have relatively little electricity use so in a future
little electricity use so in a future
little electricity use so in a future electricity system we’re really going to
electricity system we’re really going to
electricity system we’re really going to have to transform that renewable energy
have to transform that renewable energy
have to transform that renewable energy production which is in the top left here
production which is in the top left here
production which is in the top left here to match that consumption in the bottom
to match that consumption in the bottom
to match that consumption in the bottom right and really keep that seesaw
right and really keep that seesaw
right and really keep that seesaw balanced in order for the grid to work G
balanced in order for the grid to work G
balanced in order for the grid to work G IVs are the key to doing this through
IVs are the key to doing this through
IVs are the key to doing this through our simulation we found that we could
our simulation we found that we could
our simulation we found that we could have a 99.9 percent renewable electric
have a 99.9 percent renewable electric
have a 99.9 percent renewable electric grid with cost comparable today if we
grid with cost comparable today if we
grid with cost comparable today if we included G IVs in the simulation if we
included G IVs in the simulation if we
included G IVs in the simulation if we instead use large centralized batteries
instead use large centralized batteries
instead use large centralized batteries those costs would almost double so let’s
those costs would almost double so let’s
those costs would almost double so let’s shift gears for a second here you can
shift gears for a second here you can
shift gears for a second here you can see an early version of a self-driving
see an early version of a self-driving
see an early version of a self-driving or autonomous vehicle many companies are
or autonomous vehicle many companies are
or autonomous vehicle many companies are working feverishly to perfect this
working feverishly to perfect this
working feverishly to perfect this technology while there are many many
technology while there are many many
technology while there are many many very good aspects of self-driving
very good aspects of self-driving
very good aspects of self-driving vehicles by themselves I would like to
vehicles by themselves I would like to
vehicles by themselves I would like to explore a new one what if we had
explore a new one what if we had
explore a new one what if we had autonomous grid integrated vehicles so
autonomous grid integrated vehicles so
autonomous grid integrated vehicles so explore this let me tell you the story
explore this let me tell you the story
explore this let me tell you the story of John and yeah John kind of looks like
of John and yeah John kind of looks like
of John and yeah John kind of looks like a hippie version of me but it was the
a hippie version of me but it was the
a hippie version of me but it was the best I could do so John works at the
best I could do so John works at the
best I could do so John works at the local hospital and has just finished his
local hospital and has just finished his
local hospital and has just finished his shift he walks outside and unplugs his
shift he walks outside and unplugs his
shift he walks outside and unplugs his electric car and it drives him home once
electric car and it drives him home once
electric car and it drives him home once home he plugs in his car but instead of
home he plugs in his car but instead of
home he plugs in his car but instead of starting to charge right away and
starting to charge right away and
starting to charge right away and instead sends energy back to the grid
instead sends energy back to the grid
instead sends energy back to the grid and gets paid for it
and gets paid for it
and gets paid for it then it waits till 11 p.m. when the
then it waits till 11 p.m. when the
then it waits till 11 p.m. when the offshore wind is expected to pick up to
offshore wind is expected to pick up to
offshore wind is expected to pick up to start charging this makes it cheaper for
start charging this makes it cheaper for
start charging this makes it cheaper for John to charge his car this offshore
John to charge his car this offshore
John to charge his car this offshore wind also would have been wasted without
wind also would have been wasted without
wind also would have been wasted without electric vehicles
electric vehicles
electric vehicles the next morning John arrives at work he
the next morning John arrives at work he
the next morning John arrives at work he plugs in his car and minutes later a
plugs in his car and minutes later a
plugs in his car and minutes later a storm knocks out grid power to the
storm knocks out grid power to the
storm knocks out grid power to the hospital
hospital
hospital immediately John’s car as well as others
immediately John’s car as well as others
immediately John’s car as well as others in the lot send backup power from the
in the lot send backup power from the
in the lot send backup power from the car batteries to the hospital to keep it
car batteries to the hospital to keep it
car batteries to the hospital to keep it online also a rideshare company sends a
online also a rideshare company sends a
online also a rideshare company sends a fleet of autonomous electric vehicles to
fleet of autonomous electric vehicles to
fleet of autonomous electric vehicles to the site to provide additional backup
the site to provide additional backup
the site to provide additional backup power this fleet of vehicles from the
power this fleet of vehicles from the
power this fleet of vehicles from the rideshare company provides backup power
rideshare company provides backup power
rideshare company provides backup power for two weeks for the hospital to keep
for two weeks for the hospital to keep
for two weeks for the hospital to keep it online imagine a world without fossil
it online imagine a world without fossil
it online imagine a world without fossil fuels and where backup power is
fuels and where backup power is
fuels and where backup power is available wherever there is a parking
available wherever there is a parking
available wherever there is a parking lot this world is possible
lot this world is possible
lot this world is possible but only if electricity can flow both
but only if electricity can flow both
but only if electricity can flow both ways in smart autonomous electric
ways in smart autonomous electric
ways in smart autonomous electric vehicles thank you
vehicles thank you
vehicles thank you [Applause]
”
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