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physics is the science that studies the
physical matter of particles
the area of physics that he studies from
what is matter done at the most level
fundamental
the elementary particles that make up
all matter a life of the
research is physics
experimental and until more or less
about ten years in chile that in the area
of particle physics did not exist
this is something new something new for chile
is not something new in the world the world
developed is doing this
research and a job that we
We proposed to incorporate Chile into that
Magna task of investigating the world
subatomic and that’s why it changes and physics
of particles in chile with chile
our country integrated support for that
great task for physics as everything
you have experienced happens to me
every day he asks me what is
what you do, I’m a physicist or that thing
very difficult if the school is a matter
of burden to be difficult true is
difficult for everyone and because
we do that hard thing
Well they ask me but I
example I see guys that are thrown in
mountain bike down a hill came down
to all cc.aa
that is extremely dangerous because to do
that’s because it’s difficult to challenge and the
challenges is that we beings
humans
countries grow and humanity
whole that
when a challenge is posed and this
one of it the world of particles
elementary begins when we discover
that matter is made of atoms
but the autonomous are not the last
construction this are composed
they are made of electrons outside and a
core in the center and the core is
made of protons and neutrons and the
protons neutrons are made of
quarks and to where we know today
the electrons that are outside and the
quads are elementary do not seem to be
made of nothing else until today
that is what we are discovering
we are talking about size scales
that are roughly like 100 million
of times smaller than the size
of the tower and it’s there we know no
all the elementary particles and
they are inside the atoms there are other
that are everywhere and not what
we make the invisible world they are called
mont is coming to us with a rain
about 100 for each meter
square per second
fall produced by cosmic rays
that reach up to the upper layers of the
atmosphere that stick to the molecules of
the atmosphere generates this rain of
coins that of course hit us
we also and destroy us
our state can not be based
dangerous or not but well that assisted
always since we’re here in fact
the time the dinosaurs were
extinguished by the way but not for that
are because we wanted to get into physics
experimental particle that that
I want to introduce you now because physics
theory in Chile was done but there is a
very special feature physics
theoretical
the theory in general the activities of
science theory and experiment
the theory is something that we do
stopped is understand explain and maybe
predict what can happen when one
observe this experiment is observe and
measure even closing that what is not
see the invisible
and discover new things
the theory is something that they do
specialists talk among themselves use
paper they use blackboard and it ‘s pretty closed
the circle is actually difficult
they are doing penetrate the
world people are already working on
theoretical physics is not difficult to understand
what do they want to do
they certainly can not contribute to that
and it does not generate much affection for them
only in society while the
experimental physics has a tremendous
impact the physical and mental is not paper
and chalk if it’s not technology instruments
of tip even technology that neither
they do not even have to invent it to
to be able to build instruments that are
like our eyes that see what is
invisible and this the experimental part
yes that has a tremendous impact on the
society because that ability to
build instruments we can
allow to build other instruments
that can be used for other things by
example you can see here yes
moment technology hspa b boy band that
no and it’s here for example is a team
of medical image a scanner is
based on knowledge of physics
particles and has many more things
the cirros laser readers phones
cell phones all computers the
things that have not changed the world is not
the impact of this research
and that’s why we wanted that too
let’s have in Chile now how we do
this
the problem is that if one does not have a
Research area does not have people
that knows of that the first thing that has to
to do is to have people but those people
it’s not here it ‘s outside and then
How do I bring these people here?
gives or for almost nobody is doing that
they’re going to stay only then I have to
have an experimental program but
how will I have a program
experimental
if I do not have the people in the circle
He begins to close until it came a
lucky stroke we had as day
years looking for this and that is that we got to
nothing less than in the year 2005 is
finishing building the machine
experimental physics of
largest particles in history
of humanity the accelerator the great
hadron collider that is called
which is under construction at that time
in the European laboratory cern in
Swiss gin the acronym of the collider
English lh c
this machine was going to roughly split
in the year thousand two thousand seven 2008 by
there and in fact that’s how it happened and
we contacted the physicists of various
experiments there in particular if
you notice here this circle is
where is let’s say underground like 100
metro is this great accelerator that
have problems turning around for a
side and to the other side and in some
points intersect and collide with great
energy and produces in particular and in
that point and the detector that detects what
who knows and knows can not investigate the
subatomic world and here you see in the
points where the detectors are
we contact the collaboration
atlas atlas is a global collaboration
and when we got to contact them
they said yes we are willing but
we have to make an agreement with the
lounge and we discovered that actually
Chile already had an agreement to launch
but it had never been used then this
once we revived what you have to
director of the cen of that time signing
the agreement with the president of
conicyt of that time in switzerland
and notice one thing the delicacy of
these people to be putting a little sign
here that says the European laboratory of
particle physics they put it
Spanish because we are invited
you do not have to spend that be something that is worth
the penalty
the atlas collaboration is formed by
more or less people like 40 countries like
3,000 scientist 1,200 students
every time there
it’s a huge amount of people each
with its culture its customs and so on
organize this so that you build your
detector and do your experiment without that
I failed because if we fail governments
detracts nothing is a tremendous job and
a very well done job is an example
of organization and good not to accept
in fact after it is signed
the all commitments
I approached one of the colleagues of
experiment to ask bone and
because they admitted us if we did not have
still nobody the typical question of
Chilean confident not then he tells me
Well, that’s exactly why, because if I
I want to go and look for young people in countries
that all of this is already involved in this
young people who want to do this already know
and they are doing this but in your country
young people what interests does not
they know that this opportunity existed for
it and you are going to open it and they go
then to be able to work on your vision
then he told me to find those
young people more work
and indeed that was how it was much more
successful what I thought about really
we had never had so many
technical engineering students and
of science in our laboratory that
we managed to arm with our effort
experimental physicists more than 200
students have passed in the latter
ten years with our laboratory
because that is the tremendous size of the
collaboration in terms of people but
we have the team clear
the detector itself is built by the
collaboration that no longer belongs to
laboratory that is the property of the
physicists who have investigated in this
experiment and this is the machine already
they built is a detector that is
post here are fixed in the tour
the underground is quite big if
here is an amplification
this is 40 meters long 25 meters
of height is equivalent to a building
eight-story gigantic cylinders 7,000
tons of electronics and technology
per se this calculation of volume and
mass realizes that he is harassing
the fleet but we do not want to put in water
but but the central part of
ga yellow part of me that is what
called the central detector that captures the
most of the particles and the
outside the peripheral
that’s the director who captures the monkeys
the same ones that fall like rain from
the cosmic rays and I want to show you
another thing if you notice there is a
person with a drawing a person to
get an idea of the size that sometimes
this figure is not very impressive but
notice that is there is a magnet
there is the magnet in which a photo
really and here is up a
really huge change and that’s the
central part of the sector only by
order is in the control room of the
Atlas experiment and as you know
lots of computer screens
good happens and of course when we start
do this job
the machine was built so
of technology we were not going to work
a lot because basically what there was
to do is study the data to know
how to use the machine to learn back
and maybe propose some kind of
experimental medication that
it basically means sitting
in front of the computer calculate thing not
very different from what is in a theoretical
that moment
Of course, it’s still valuable because
people learn
in fact this guy who looks at the
corner he made the master of
physical with us after he went to
do the doctorate to cambridge and today
day is working as a researcher
in berklee he is originally from temuco
and good the point is when we get to the
technology the year 2012
in this tremendous experimental effort
you discover what they call the boson of
higgs or someone with a sense of humor what
they called the particle of god does not have
nothing to do with God
it’s just a fun way
from someone who happened to write
a book with that name but this was
one of the most predictions
fantastic that has been done in physics
of particles the theory should only
have already discovered all the
particles that we believed the theory was
inconsistent mathematically unless
that there was something there that will fix it
and a guy or several came up with a
way to fix it mathematically and
that implies that there had to be another
particle that is the higgs boson
that explained the consistency and in fact
physical we are so sure that the
mathematical consistency is something firm
that particle for sure that exists
but they could not find it because it is
very difficult to produce an experiment
until he came to this tremendous
machine that they already said with this morning
if it does not appear is because it does not exist and
done some theoretical physicists we’re
hoping that I did not show up because
it means that you have to change the theory
and that good is interesting what
it was found so we have another
challenge there is always
and here comes one of the challenges now
in technologies this machine is going
damaging and when they bathe do good there
to renew it and what needs to be fixed and
also today’s technology is better
that when it was designed then there’s
programs to renew some of the
components and we enter with again in
collaboration with four other countries
chile with russia canada israel and china a
manufacture a part of these sectors what
which are called small wheels that
they are here is another and also wheels
small because they all have only
nine meters in diameter
compared to the big wheels that
they have 25 and Chile has to manufacture the
10% of these detectors that are unique
never before had technology been made
new to detect monés and we started to
good engaged in that work in
that
here are the guys working in the
laboratory and we build we build
first a prototype we build it in
the unicef santa maría in valparaíso and
we do not get to join catholic
who are our collaborators to
santiago and they send it to the cern and
each of these countries makes a
prototype sent to there and good
how are things unfortunately
only one of the prototypes
It worked the first time in our and
luck of 77 beginner
but that’s the way it is and now one can also
apply this technology and that we are
doing for example here is a
example is that a probe that is used in
medicine and surgery is here with a
lots of lightning sensing technology
gamma and so on
serves to locate during
operation of cancerous nodes
so that the surgeon can remove
that area very accurately not having
that cut healthy tissues these has
started to use and those that were done
here and now and in the future and the future
is
that we have the opportunity as it is going to
build a tunnel under the mountain range
between chile and argentina tunnel for
cars in the deepest place
one can build a laboratory
underground laboratories
underground are the new wave of the
particle physics
there are like 15 in the northern hemisphere and they go
to have more but this series
the first in the southern hemisphere unless
that the Australians are ahead of us
they are planning another but in any case
it is bigger and deeper
this is to detect particles that
live from the cosmos
here for example I show you a photo
two photos of the moon to give us
account of the ability of this is a
photo taken by my camera
sunset and this highlights is the shadow of
the moon that leaves the flow of muons
taken with the detector at 1,000 meters
underground
these guys with this sector also
can measure the temperature of the
stratosphere seeing the flow of muons to
1,000 meters underground
that opens the investigation of those things
it does not get fixed the more one goes
discovering this invisible world more
new ideas are coming out and I do not know
what will happen in the future but that
is our path and finally I want
close with this that is the human part
social and collaboration in fact the
person who owns that in the great medium
person and good friend who saw it only
a couple of days he is the lawyer of the
be that helped us make the covenants
integrity type was not fixed in what
that was written to the protocols
it was convenient to throw and
convenient for chile
she found mistakes of our
protocol that would harm us said
this take it out on the part of
Collaboration is very important
organization laws regulations
but aspects also
– individual and I think there are three
maybe more but at least a 3 1 in
what it says there respect respect
because one is facing a lot
of people other than one with different
customs with physical appearance
different but internally we are all
same
that respect allows us to get closer and
communicate second be generous with what
small with the big ones of alves not
you do have a patent you are not going to
give of course the secrets
industrial gives us but if someone
asks how this is manufactured how
you do this or you have a tool
for this you are generous and what
you share is not mean of this is what
same as friendship one has friends and
you do not have your house you do not give to your
friends house but I invite you to
have a beer and do not charge them
beer and the latest recognition
we must recognize the work of the
others do with 1 when someone contributes
something and you use it is fine do it
endorse that but acknowledge the other not
steal it recognize the other such how
I could recognize at this moment
all this tremendous amount of people and
many more I can not name one each
one is 40 thousand people who have
worked on this 3,000 physicists in
particular but certainly my gratitude
grapes with them
this is the adventure we are doing
to advance in science and technology
because technology like you well
they know helps life to be more
easy not happier but easier
about the happiness of having another talk
p
thank you very much
laws
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