Hello, good afternoon, all that, what a pity
well that ‘s just the story with
which wants to start a friend
had a few years ago he went in the
truck to cite her mom in another
city went to the bathroom left the bathroom
and he did not realize he had a role
very long bathroom attached to their
pants like me now and he told me
I had a lot of grief at that moment
but I realized that in that part of the
truck
there were only foreigners then
I did not feel sorry anymore and I thought that
interesting because the same situation
I would feel sorry if you are surrounded by
people of your group your nationality people
who cares but not if only
there are foreigners
then I started thinking a little more and
we started with a project of studies to
investigate those processes
but what is the penalty how it is defined is
a state of gluttony and held incommunicado in
events that increases the threat of
unwanted evaluations by a
public and how we can recognize it
first one turns red
many times you have a nervous laugh
one looks away normally towards
down and to the left for some
reason and one has a smile that
love or duchen maybe you have seen
the series Lie to me has made me where
cal lightman that is really based
in the social psychologist Paul Ekman
always gives me faces and people
for expressions that will reveal their
emotions and in this case also the
null smile chen the fake smile
only involves the muscles of the
mouth and does not open the eyes that would be a
true smile
just omnipresent there is a web page
or even that is called sundance of
settle in dot com
and there people can send their
stories and their lives problems with the
boyfriend and girlfriend and so on that
it really is on the one hand very funny
but on the other hand very painful to read
because we are also worth it
empathic and also maybe you have
experienced the following situations
talking to a friend a friend about
a third person and suddenly give
mind that person is there and has
listened to everything being in one place
seemingly empty they fart and
of thinking about someone else’s account is there
buff or are at a dinner a meal with
the boss maybe talking animatedly and
bath after realizing that
that bean or that spinach inside
between the teeth and the boss has seen it
all the time
then we have all seen him we have
experienced in various situations of
our lives
the penalty is also very aggressive
we feel inferior fools
awkward and incompetent
it really is not a very good feeling
because then it arises because there is
we all want to project a
positive image before an audience but if
we fail in that the public forms a
unwanted impression and the fear of that
evaluation leads directly to grief
the audience then is decisive there was
a program in 2009 of the bbc that
called uat are produced from multi and there
fanned out if one is given a fight in the
house comes out of the shower completely
naked no pity
there is also the family but that is
ok but if they knock on the door and well a
neighbor idea 1 naked immediately
we are sorry then really without
audience there is no penalty although the
Literature has always seen it as something
given also the literature would
this as an interpersonal process between
people
I’m sorry because you are there
but that ignores that all of us are
members use different groups or
social categories are the parts of
different nationalities universities
top sports team for example the
pumas pesos america and those groups are
very important to us and
normally the evaluations and
our group’s norms are also
more important than the other groups
so I want to present to you one of the
what is really that the membership
group leads to grief then we have
more grief in the same situation if
our group is there is another group and
more still if we identify ourselves much
with that group if this group is
important for us we made a
first studio in scotland
there the participants had to
tell stories of their lives as the
examples that we were talking about now and
in most of these situations if
there was someone from his group and not from others
groups and those groups who is my group
they defined themselves
then we thought good not all groups
They are equal
sometimes one perceives another group as
lower or higher
then we modified the model a bit
saying good if the audience is
composed by me more in my group
we are sorry or for a member of another
higher status group also
We are sorry but not if it is a group that
received is that it has a status
less than we did another study in Norway
this time and here the participants
they had to imagine being in a
embarrassing situation like those by
example with spinach among
teeth et cetera and the audience in your
imagination was composed or by
others Norwegian their own group by Swedish
another Scandinavian national group of
status equal or maybe higher or by
Polish that is the group of immigrants
bigger huge
ga that has a perceived status
inferior and what happened we thought that
the penalty was higher in the case of
Norwegians a little lower in the case of
the holes and much lower
in the case of the Poles to summarize
styles destroy norbega we made another
study in scotland a large study
here in mexico and a study in japan and
all the studies showed the same
results
that is very good but what happens
really with our daily life how
we are affected by the pain and the attacks
group
here we all think of a study on
condoms mexico according to the onu is the
country number one world mind in
teenage pregnancies from 10 to 19
years then it is more important
still that we are going to study the
factors that inhibit or help people
to want to buy condoms
that’s not only important in
terms of avoiding pregnancies
desired but also to avoid
sexually transmitted diseases two
there are problems with the acquisition of
condom is on the one hand we have
stereotypes mainly for
women and a girl then takes a
condom with him is seen as a
prepared easy girl and that does not
it suits
on the other hand there is again the penalty
how can you buy a nap condom and
a seller that maybe we chase from
a superior status for a way
we then did study in two schools
preparatory here in the df
one was the csh that the students themselves
they considered having a status
superior and another one was the bachilleres that
had a lower status in both
schools we distribute condoms so
free and we change the identity of the
of the people who distributed them
They wore different shirts and posters
different
to show his identity the idea was
that the group with the highest status that nothing
more schools
rsh would lead to more grief and the
acquisition of fewer condoms and the
lower status group that nothing else
high school schools would lead to
less grief and more acquisition
condoms and it’s just that we find
the last study I want
introduce them is about breastfeeding
maternal the v I recommend a
Breastfeeding for a minimum of two
years
the reality is very different women
they do it for a maximum of 16 months and
there are different reasons why
example if the mother works outside the
home
It is not very convenient to breastfeed but a
big reason
again the penalty mainly if it
it’s about a public place where they want
breastfeed then think good I’m going to
show a part of my body that does not
I want to show maybe people are going to see
my tummy to me apart from my chest some
drops of milk is better I do not and
all the battery and already then in that
case we had 250 women mothers of
children boys in the df and the excessive is
good
imagine that they want to breastfeed in a
public place and are surrounded by
people of a higher social class the
same social house that you or a
social class inferior to you and that
we found that it’s just worth it
again depended on that audience is
really worth it and the memberships
guilty have quite consequences
important in the field of health and
literature has shown us that
young adults do not buy condoms
before having sex for grief people
who already carries condoms does not use them in
Moment indicated by penalty
women do not get mammograms
pain
men are no exams
prostate grief and in general people
they do not help
mencias when there are witnesses again for
Grief really is pretty strong
that evidence I want to conclude that the
pity really has two faces one is
very light comic mainly
when it happens to others and not to us
same but the other side is quite
it would be with very serious consequences
So what can we do?
for example modify contexts using
not very attractive models very handsome
to promote the use of condoms because
it is possible that people perceive them
has a higher status gives them more
and are less likely to use the
condoms or could we create some
private spaces in the public sphere
so that moms can breastfeed without
be observed closed
later we could think of
modify social group norms
what should be done that should not be done and
that could reduce the penalty in the long
term and increase the behaviors that
rozas advantage not only for health
personal but also public
thank you very much
[Applause]
[Music]
”
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