so this story begins 26 years ago when the Soviet Union fell apart and along
the Soviet Union fell apart and along
the Soviet Union fell apart and along with it control over the largest arsenal
with it control over the largest arsenal
with it control over the largest arsenal of nuclear chemical and biological
of nuclear chemical and biological
of nuclear chemical and biological weapons ever created it was uncharted
weapons ever created it was uncharted
weapons ever created it was uncharted and perilous waters
and as the Soviet Union fell apart two
and as the Soviet Union fell apart two visionary senators Sam Nunn from Georgia
visionary senators Sam Nunn from Georgia
visionary senators Sam Nunn from Georgia and your own senator Dick Lugar from
and your own senator Dick Lugar from
and your own senator Dick Lugar from Indiana passed legislation called the
Indiana passed legislation called the
Indiana passed legislation called the nunn-lugar act that established the
nunn-lugar act that established the
nunn-lugar act that established the Cooperative Threat Reduction program to
Cooperative Threat Reduction program to
Cooperative Threat Reduction program to help us deal with this new challenge not
help us deal with this new challenge not
help us deal with this new challenge not of a strong Soviet Union threatening the
of a strong Soviet Union threatening the
of a strong Soviet Union threatening the United States but a weak collapsed state
United States but a weak collapsed state
United States but a weak collapsed state perhaps unable to prevent the theft or
perhaps unable to prevent the theft or
perhaps unable to prevent the theft or diversion of weapons of mass destruction
diversion of weapons of mass destruction
diversion of weapons of mass destruction and the related materials and expertise
and the related materials and expertise
and the related materials and expertise I was a young diplomat
I was a young diplomat
I was a young diplomat and I was flying home from Germany and I
and I was flying home from Germany and I
and I was flying home from Germany and I read an article in The Wall Street
read an article in The Wall Street
read an article in The Wall Street Journal and it said American Embassy
Journal and it said American Embassy
Journal and it said American Embassy Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan looking for diplomats who find Paris a
looking for diplomats who find Paris a
looking for diplomats who find Paris a bore and it was an article about how
bore and it was an article about how
bore and it was an article about how this new country called Kazakhstan
had inherited over 1200 nuclear weapons
had inherited over 1200 nuclear weapons it had become the fourth-largest
it had become the fourth-largest
it had become the fourth-largest possessor of nuclear weapons in the
possessor of nuclear weapons in the
possessor of nuclear weapons in the world and I thought what an exciting
world and I thought what an exciting
world and I thought what an exciting opportunity for me so I volunteered to
opportunity for me so I volunteered to
opportunity for me so I volunteered to go there I had been working on
go there I had been working on
go there I had been working on countering Libya’s
countering Libya’s
countering Libya’s weapons of mass destruction programs in
weapons of mass destruction programs in
weapons of mass destruction programs in my prior assignment so this seemed like
my prior assignment so this seemed like
my prior assignment so this seemed like a great opportunity so here I am
a great opportunity so here I am
a great opportunity so here I am after learning Russian language for one
after learning Russian language for one
after learning Russian language for one year
year
year arriving in 1993
arriving in 1993
arriving in 1993 in Almaty Kazakhstan in the tension or
in Almaty Kazakhstan in the tension or
in Almaty Kazakhstan in the tension or heavenly mountains
in really uncharted waters in a new
in really uncharted waters in a new country and we hadn’t mapped the
country and we hadn’t mapped the
country and we hadn’t mapped the locations of these weapons of mass
locations of these weapons of mass
locations of these weapons of mass destruction the facilities were
destruction the facilities were
destruction the facilities were scattered across 11 time zones in the
scattered across 11 time zones in the
scattered across 11 time zones in the most isolated remote areas
most isolated remote areas
most isolated remote areas many of these cities didn’t appear on
many of these cities didn’t appear on
many of these cities didn’t appear on maps they were just known by post office
maps they were just known by post office
maps they were just known by post office box numbers they were so secret
and shortly after I arrived in
and shortly after I arrived in Kazakhstan I had been there for
month or so I was approached by my car
month or so I was approached by my car mechanic and he asked me if I would be
mechanic and he asked me if I would be
mechanic and he asked me if I would be interested in buying some uranium
so there were a lot of scams going on at
so there were a lot of scams going on at the time and I was very skeptical but
the time and I was very skeptical but
the time and I was very skeptical but how can you not follow up something like
how can you not follow up something like
how can you not follow up something like this so I I pursued it and my
this so I I pursued it and my
this so I I pursued it and my relationship with him led to an
relationship with him led to an
relationship with him led to an introduction to the director of a
introduction to the director of a
introduction to the director of a factory in East Kazakhstan near the
factory in East Kazakhstan near the
factory in East Kazakhstan near the border with Mongolia China and Russia
border with Mongolia China and Russia
border with Mongolia China and Russia his name was Vitaly met a
his name was Vitaly met a
his name was Vitaly met a and I became good friends with him and
and I became good friends with him and
and I became good friends with him and he invited me elk hunting in the Altai
he invited me elk hunting in the Altai
he invited me elk hunting in the Altai mountains and we bonded and over a
mountains and we bonded and over a
mountains and we bonded and over a period of several months he gave me
period of several months he gave me
period of several months he gave me increasingly more information about this
increasingly more information about this
increasingly more information about this uranium that had been left over in his
uranium that had been left over in his
uranium that had been left over in his factory from a secret Soviet nuclear
factory from a secret Soviet nuclear
factory from a secret Soviet nuclear submarine reactor program and indeed
submarine reactor program and indeed
submarine reactor program and indeed eventually
eventually
eventually I learned through him that Kazakhstan
I learned through him that Kazakhstan
I learned through him that Kazakhstan had inherited in this warehouse enough
had inherited in this warehouse enough
had inherited in this warehouse enough highly enriched uranium to produce
highly enriched uranium to produce
highly enriched uranium to produce dozens and dozens of nuclear weapons we
dozens and dozens of nuclear weapons we
dozens and dozens of nuclear weapons we were invited by President Nazarbayev on
were invited by President Nazarbayev on
were invited by President Nazarbayev on a secret visit to this facility to to
a secret visit to this facility to to
a secret visit to this facility to to verify the presence of this material and
verify the presence of this material and
verify the presence of this material and here is just one of many buckets filled
here is just one of many buckets filled
here is just one of many buckets filled with this heavy metal its uranium
with this heavy metal its uranium
with this heavy metal its uranium enriched to 90 percent uranium-235
enriched to 90 percent uranium-235
enriched to 90 percent uranium-235 immediately weapons-usable
immediately weapons-usable
immediately weapons-usable and this was all protected by a good
and this was all protected by a good
and this was all protected by a good padlock and we reported that back to
padlock and we reported that back to
padlock and we reported that back to Washington what to do what to do this
Washington what to do what to do this
Washington what to do what to do this was uncharted waters
was uncharted waters
was uncharted waters and together with the government of
and together with the government of
and together with the government of Kazakhstan the government of the United
Kazakhstan the government of the United
Kazakhstan the government of the United States took a bold gamble and we decided
States took a bold gamble and we decided
States took a bold gamble and we decided to launch a secret project together to
to launch a secret project together to
to launch a secret project together to safely package these materials and fly
safely package these materials and fly
safely package these materials and fly them back to the United States for
them back to the United States for
them back to the United States for safekeeping why because we were
safekeeping why because we were
safekeeping why because we were concerned that countries like Iran Iraq
concerned that countries like Iran Iraq
concerned that countries like Iran Iraq Libya Syria and even North Korea
seeking these materials
seeking these materials throughout the former Soviet Union and
throughout the former Soviet Union and
throughout the former Soviet Union and we wanted to get it out of there
we wanted to get it out of there
we wanted to get it out of there and so we launched this project in a
and so we launched this project in a
and so we launched this project in a secret and I remember let yesterday
secret and I remember let yesterday
secret and I remember let yesterday after we had spent
five weeks packaging the material and
five weeks packaging the material and then loading it on to these trucks when
then loading it on to these trucks when
then loading it on to these trucks when it was most vulnerable for the movement
it was most vulnerable for the movement
it was most vulnerable for the movement to the airport at 3 o’clock in the
to the airport at 3 o’clock in the
to the airport at 3 o’clock in the morning and we were racing against
morning and we were racing against
morning and we were racing against winter that night the roads had black
winter that night the roads had black
winter that night the roads had black ice on them and these trucks that you
ice on them and these trucks that you
ice on them and these trucks that you see in this convoy I was in the lead
see in this convoy I was in the lead
see in this convoy I was in the lead security vehicle as part of an armed
security vehicle as part of an armed
security vehicle as part of an armed escort
escort
escort they were sliding on the black ice and I
they were sliding on the black ice and I
they were sliding on the black ice and I shuddered to think that I would have to
shuddered to think that I would have to
shuddered to think that I would have to report to Washington that one of these
report to Washington that one of these
report to Washington that one of these trucks had slid off a bridge into the
trucks had slid off a bridge into the
trucks had slid off a bridge into the air teach River and was floating
air teach River and was floating
air teach River and was floating downstream but luckily that didn’t
downstream but luckily that didn’t
downstream but luckily that didn’t happen we made it safely to the airport
happen we made it safely to the airport
happen we made it safely to the airport and loaded to c5 galaxy aircraft or one
and loaded to c5 galaxy aircraft or one
and loaded to c5 galaxy aircraft or one of their longest flights in history
of their longest flights in history
of their longest flights in history literally halfway around the planet back
literally halfway around the planet back
literally halfway around the planet back to the United States without any stops
to the United States without any stops
to the United States without any stops with three aerial refueling in route and
with three aerial refueling in route and
with three aerial refueling in route and when this project was completed when the
when this project was completed when the
when this project was completed when the material was safely secured in Oak Ridge
material was safely secured in Oak Ridge
material was safely secured in Oak Ridge Tennessee we announced to the world this
Tennessee we announced to the world this
Tennessee we announced to the world this accomplishment
accomplishment
accomplishment it was truly defense by other means
it was truly defense by other means
it was truly defense by other means one of the largest intelligence failures
one of the largest intelligence failures
one of the largest intelligence failures of the Cold War was that we missed the
of the Cold War was that we missed the
of the Cold War was that we missed the Soviet biological weapons program we
Soviet biological weapons program we
Soviet biological weapons program we signed a treaty with them in other
signed a treaty with them in other
signed a treaty with them in other countries in 1975 the biological weapons
countries in 1975 the biological weapons
countries in 1975 the biological weapons convention and as the ink was drying on
convention and as the ink was drying on
convention and as the ink was drying on that treaty the Soviet Union decided to
that treaty the Soviet Union decided to
that treaty the Soviet Union decided to ramp up its biological weapons program
ramp up its biological weapons program
ramp up its biological weapons program and this building here that I’m standing
and this building here that I’m standing
and this building here that I’m standing from in front of is in a place called
from in front of is in a place called
from in front of is in a place called step Nagurski Kazakhstan it was one of
step Nagurski Kazakhstan it was one of
step Nagurski Kazakhstan it was one of those secret cities that was never on a
those secret cities that was never on a
those secret cities that was never on a map
map
map and that building
and that building
and that building two football fields long it was the
two football fields long it was the
two football fields long it was the world’s largest anthrax Factory and we
world’s largest anthrax Factory and we
world’s largest anthrax Factory and we were invited by President Nazarbayev to
were invited by President Nazarbayev to
were invited by President Nazarbayev to make a secret visit to this facility and
make a secret visit to this facility and
make a secret visit to this facility and I led the first American team there in
I led the first American team there in
I led the first American team there in June of 1995 and confronted with this
June of 1995 and confronted with this
June of 1995 and confronted with this what to do we didn’t have a playbook
what to do we didn’t have a playbook
what to do we didn’t have a playbook these were uncharted waters so what we
these were uncharted waters so what we
these were uncharted waters so what we did with the approval of the government
did with the approval of the government
did with the approval of the government of Kazakhstan we signed a contract with
of Kazakhstan we signed a contract with
of Kazakhstan we signed a contract with the very people who built this facility
the very people who built this facility
the very people who built this facility and operated this facility to destroy it
and operated this facility to destroy it
and operated this facility to destroy it safely and methodically
safely and methodically
safely and methodically here is one of ten four-story high for
here is one of ten four-story high for
here is one of ten four-story high for mentors bioreactors the entire
mentors bioreactors the entire
mentors bioreactors the entire fermentation hall was at biosafety level
fermentation hall was at biosafety level
fermentation hall was at biosafety level four high containment the workers wore
four high containment the workers wore
four high containment the workers wore spacesuits with breathable air this
spacesuits with breathable air this
spacesuits with breathable air this facility was capable of producing during
facility was capable of producing during
facility was capable of producing during a wartime mobilization period of about
a wartime mobilization period of about
a wartime mobilization period of about eight months of 300 metric tons of
eight months of 300 metric tons of
eight months of 300 metric tons of anthrax
Gale can only be called evil but thanks
Gale can only be called evil but thanks to the nunn-lugar program and our
to the nunn-lugar program and our
to the nunn-lugar program and our partnership with the government of
partnership with the government of
partnership with the government of Kazakhstan that decided to reject
Kazakhstan that decided to reject
Kazakhstan that decided to reject weapons of mass destruction if you were
weapons of mass destruction if you were
weapons of mass destruction if you were to go there today
to go there today
to go there today you would just see grass growing where
you would just see grass growing where
you would just see grass growing where that horrific building once stood
that horrific building once stood
that horrific building once stood this is an island in the RLC called
this is an island in the RLC called
this is an island in the RLC called Basra’s Dania Island that we visited in
Basra’s Dania Island that we visited in
Basra’s Dania Island that we visited in June of 1995 it was the site of the
June of 1995 it was the site of the
June of 1995 it was the site of the Soviet Union’s open-air biological
Soviet Union’s open-air biological
Soviet Union’s open-air biological weapons testing facility they would in
weapons testing facility they would in
weapons testing facility they would in one test expose about a hundred monkeys
one test expose about a hundred monkeys
one test expose about a hundred monkeys or other animals to biological weapons
or other animals to biological weapons
or other animals to biological weapons agents and then bring them back into
agents and then bring them back into
agents and then bring them back into high containment laboratories to observe
high containment laboratories to observe
high containment laboratories to observe the onset of disease and evaluate the
the onset of disease and evaluate the
the onset of disease and evaluate the effectiveness of their biological
effectiveness of their biological
effectiveness of their biological weapons
weapons
weapons the Soviet Army we learned from a
the Soviet Army we learned from a
the Soviet Army we learned from a defector had buried over a hundred tons
defector had buried over a hundred tons
defector had buried over a hundred tons of anthrax agent in 11 pits on this
of anthrax agent in 11 pits on this
of anthrax agent in 11 pits on this island and after 9/11 we became
island and after 9/11 we became
island and after 9/11 we became concerned that this could be recovered
concerned that this could be recovered
concerned that this could be recovered by terrorist groups like al-qaeda
by terrorist groups like al-qaeda
by terrorist groups like al-qaeda so we did a joint project with the
so we did a joint project with the
so we did a joint project with the government of Uzbekistan to dig up these
government of Uzbekistan to dig up these
government of Uzbekistan to dig up these pits and thoroughly decontaminate and
pits and thoroughly decontaminate and
pits and thoroughly decontaminate and destroy what had remained of this
destroy what had remained of this
destroy what had remained of this anthrax agent
anthrax agent
anthrax agent so that was another example of of
so that was another example of of
so that was another example of of dealing with the legacy of these threats
dealing with the legacy of these threats
dealing with the legacy of these threats in a way that permanently eliminated the
in a way that permanently eliminated the
in a way that permanently eliminated the threat Here I am in Kiev Ukraine with a
threat Here I am in Kiev Ukraine with a
threat Here I am in Kiev Ukraine with a brand new junior senator from Illinois
brand new junior senator from Illinois
brand new junior senator from Illinois it’s at a public health laboratory and
it’s at a public health laboratory and
it’s at a public health laboratory and he looks concerned and it’s because from
he looks concerned and it’s because from
he looks concerned and it’s because from this kitchen like refrigerator behind me
this kitchen like refrigerator behind me
this kitchen like refrigerator behind me the director of the health lab ANDed me
the director of the health lab ANDed me
the director of the health lab ANDed me this tray with vials of bacillus
this tray with vials of bacillus
this tray with vials of bacillus anthracis that’s the bacteria that
anthracis that’s the bacteria that
anthracis that’s the bacteria that causes anthrax and we mapped many
causes anthrax and we mapped many
causes anthrax and we mapped many facilities like this throughout the
facilities like this throughout the
facilities like this throughout the Soviet Union we were concerned that
Soviet Union we were concerned that
Soviet Union we were concerned that groups like al-qaeda and later Isis
groups like al-qaeda and later Isis
groups like al-qaeda and later Isis could get their hands on these seed
could get their hands on these seed
could get their hands on these seed materials starter cultures to develop
materials starter cultures to develop
materials starter cultures to develop biological weapons for terrorists
biological weapons for terrorists
biological weapons for terrorists attacks and we we had a big program to
attacks and we we had a big program to
attacks and we we had a big program to consolidate and secure these dangerous
consolidate and secure these dangerous
consolidate and secure these dangerous pathogen collections some of which had
pathogen collections some of which had
pathogen collections some of which had been left over from the Soviet
been left over from the Soviet
been left over from the Soviet biological weapons program now we’re
biological weapons program now we’re
biological weapons program now we’re very concerned not just about these
very concerned not just about these
very concerned not just about these traditional biological weapons but that
traditional biological weapons but that
traditional biological weapons but that advances in science and synthetic
advances in science and synthetic
advances in science and synthetic biology and gene editing make it
biology and gene editing make it
biology and gene editing make it possible to develop novel enhanced
possible to develop novel enhanced
possible to develop novel enhanced pathogens as biological weapons and
pathogens as biological weapons and
pathogens as biological weapons and countries like North Korea although we
countries like North Korea although we
countries like North Korea although we don’t hear about it because the news is
don’t hear about it because the news is
don’t hear about it because the news is dominated by their nuclear weapons and
dominated by their nuclear weapons and
dominated by their nuclear weapons and missile programs they have been applying
missile programs they have been applying
missile programs they have been applying these new scientific tools to developing
these new scientific tools to developing
these new scientific tools to developing more deadly biological weapons and we
more deadly biological weapons and we
more deadly biological weapons and we need to pay attention to this I believe
need to pay attention to this I believe
need to pay attention to this I believe it’s perhaps more likely that they would
it’s perhaps more likely that they would
it’s perhaps more likely that they would use biological weapons than nuclear
use biological weapons than nuclear
use biological weapons than nuclear weapons because they could do it with a
weapons because they could do it with a
weapons because they could do it with a big leaf of denial
big leaf of denial
big leaf of denial chemical weapons are also a threat last
chemical weapons are also a threat last
chemical weapons are also a threat last month
month
month President Putin announced that Russia
President Putin announced that Russia
President Putin announced that Russia had completed the destruction of the
had completed the destruction of the
had completed the destruction of the Cold War chemical weapons arsenal of 40
Cold War chemical weapons arsenal of 40
Cold War chemical weapons arsenal of 40 thousand tons of chemical weapons what
thousand tons of chemical weapons what
thousand tons of chemical weapons what he failed to mention was that the
he failed to mention was that the
he failed to mention was that the nunn-lugar program was about a billion
nunn-lugar program was about a billion
nunn-lugar program was about a billion dollars of your tax dollars built a
dollars of your tax dollars built a
dollars of your tax dollars built a facility in Russia in a place called Shu
facility in Russia in a place called Shu
facility in Russia in a place called Shu Qi that destroyed a large portion and
Qi that destroyed a large portion and
Qi that destroyed a large portion and helped Russia destroy a large portion of
helped Russia destroy a large portion of
helped Russia destroy a large portion of that Cold War arsenal
that Cold War arsenal
that Cold War arsenal in Libya which I had worked on in the
in Libya which I had worked on in the
in Libya which I had worked on in the late 1980s and early 1990s I had the
late 1980s and early 1990s I had the
late 1980s and early 1990s I had the opportunity to visit a remote location
opportunity to visit a remote location
opportunity to visit a remote location deep inside of Libya at a place called
deep inside of Libya at a place called
deep inside of Libya at a place called WA Don and I’m holding there the last of
WA Don and I’m holding there the last of
WA Don and I’m holding there the last of 517 artillery shells that were filled
517 artillery shells that were filled
517 artillery shells that were filled with mustard gas that could have been
with mustard gas that could have been
with mustard gas that could have been used by terrorists as an improvised
used by terrorists as an improvised
used by terrorists as an improvised chemical device I had the pleasure of
chemical device I had the pleasure of
chemical device I had the pleasure of flying back by helicopter and then
flying back by helicopter and then
flying back by helicopter and then fixed-wing to Tripoli that day and I was
fixed-wing to Tripoli that day and I was
fixed-wing to Tripoli that day and I was pulled aside by the lead chemical
pulled aside by the lead chemical
pulled aside by the lead chemical engineer
said Andy he said today’s the proudest
said Andy he said today’s the proudest day of my life and I said why he said
day of my life and I said why he said
day of my life and I said why he said since the mid-1980s I was hired to work
since the mid-1980s I was hired to work
since the mid-1980s I was hired to work on Gaddafi’s chemical weapons program I
on Gaddafi’s chemical weapons program I
on Gaddafi’s chemical weapons program I helped build the factories and produce
helped build the factories and produce
helped build the factories and produce these chemical weapons and today I had
these chemical weapons and today I had
these chemical weapons and today I had the honor of leading the project to
the honor of leading the project to
the honor of leading the project to destroy the last of them and these
destroy the last of them and these
destroy the last of them and these weapons will never fall into the hands
weapons will never fall into the hands
weapons will never fall into the hands of terrorists and it’s people like him
of terrorists and it’s people like him
of terrorists and it’s people like him or the real champions of this effort and
or the real champions of this effort and
or the real champions of this effort and I learned in my career that it’s
I learned in my career that it’s
I learned in my career that it’s individuals who make projects like this
individuals who make projects like this
individuals who make projects like this happen they don’t just happen because
happen they don’t just happen because
happen they don’t just happen because bureaucracies say we should do this you
bureaucracies say we should do this you
bureaucracies say we should do this you really need champions I’m also very
really need champions I’m also very
really need champions I’m also very concerned about fentanyl’s
concerned about fentanyl’s
concerned about fentanyl’s the president today announced that it’s
the president today announced that it’s
the president today announced that it’s a public health emergency the opioid
a public health emergency the opioid
a public health emergency the opioid crisis but what people don’t realize is
crisis but what people don’t realize is
crisis but what people don’t realize is that fentanyl’s are also a chemical
that fentanyl’s are also a chemical
that fentanyl’s are also a chemical weapon it could be used by terrorists in
weapon it could be used by terrorists in
weapon it could be used by terrorists in fact in 2004 in Moscow Chechen
fact in 2004 in Moscow Chechen
fact in 2004 in Moscow Chechen terrorists seized a theater like this
through the air handling system inserted
through the air handling system inserted fentanyl’s
fentanyl’s
fentanyl’s and they used too much they killed all
and they used too much they killed all
and they used too much they killed all 40 hostage takers but also they killed
40 hostage takers but also they killed
40 hostage takers but also they killed over a hundred of the hostages
over a hundred of the hostages
over a hundred of the hostages themselves
themselves
themselves so fentanyl’s are not just a health
so fentanyl’s are not just a health
so fentanyl’s are not just a health threat
threat
threat but they’re a national security concern
but they’re a national security concern
but they’re a national security concern and this is truly a new uncharted water
and this is truly a new uncharted water
and this is truly a new uncharted water that going forward we need to pay close
that going forward we need to pay close
that going forward we need to pay close attention to we also had an amazing
attention to we also had an amazing
attention to we also had an amazing project with over 30 countries involved
project with over 30 countries involved
project with over 30 countries involved including the United Nations to remove
including the United Nations to remove
including the United Nations to remove and destroy 1,300 tons of serious
and destroy 1,300 tons of serious
and destroy 1,300 tons of serious chemical weapons and that was
chemical weapons and that was
chemical weapons and that was accomplished
with leadership from the department of
with leadership from the department of defense technology developed by the US
defense technology developed by the US
defense technology developed by the US Department of Defense but a true
Department of Defense but a true
Department of Defense but a true partnership
partnership
partnership between Russia the United States China
between Russia the United States China
between Russia the United States China and European countries
and European countries
and European countries and that’s 1300 tons of chemical weapons
and that’s 1300 tons of chemical weapons
and that’s 1300 tons of chemical weapons that will never be used against the
that will never be used against the
that will never be used against the Syrian people
Syrian people
Syrian people we’ll never be acquired by terrorists
we’ll never be acquired by terrorists
we’ll never be acquired by terrorists like Isis and we’ll never present a
like Isis and we’ll never present a
like Isis and we’ll never present a strategic threat to Syria’s neighbors
think they went away with the Cold War
think they went away with the Cold War we still have in the world 15,000
we still have in the world 15,000
we still have in the world 15,000 nuclear weapons many of them over a
nuclear weapons many of them over a
nuclear weapons many of them over a hundred times more powerful than the two
hundred times more powerful than the two
hundred times more powerful than the two that were dropped on Hiroshima and
that were dropped on Hiroshima and
that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end World War two
Nagasaki to end World War two
Nagasaki to end World War two unfortunately I believe that we’re at as
unfortunately I believe that we’re at as
unfortunately I believe that we’re at as much risk if not even greater risk of an
much risk if not even greater risk of an
much risk if not even greater risk of an accidental nuclear war today and even
accidental nuclear war today and even
accidental nuclear war today and even during the Cold War and this is
during the Cold War and this is
during the Cold War and this is something that is really uncharted
something that is really uncharted
something that is really uncharted waters very dangerous that your
waters very dangerous that your
waters very dangerous that your generation is going to have to deal with
generation is going to have to deal with
generation is going to have to deal with President Obama moved the ball on this
President Obama moved the ball on this
President Obama moved the ball on this with his Prague speech where he laid out
with his Prague speech where he laid out
with his Prague speech where he laid out a vision of a world free of nuclear
a vision of a world free of nuclear
a vision of a world free of nuclear weapons but it’s going to take a lot of
weapons but it’s going to take a lot of
weapons but it’s going to take a lot of work and I believe that we’re at the
work and I believe that we’re at the
work and I believe that we’re at the tipping point of a possible new nuclear
tipping point of a possible new nuclear
tipping point of a possible new nuclear weapons arms race not just involving two
weapons arms race not just involving two
weapons arms race not just involving two countries but involving many more
countries but involving many more
countries but involving many more countries that currently possess nuclear
countries that currently possess nuclear
countries that currently possess nuclear weapons so
Qwest of you and it’s based on
Qwest of you and it’s based on that I’ve had and working on these
that I’ve had and working on these
that I’ve had and working on these programs and reducing weapons of mass
programs and reducing weapons of mass
programs and reducing weapons of mass destruction threats and I would ask each
destruction threats and I would ask each
destruction threats and I would ask each of you
develop new drugs and vaccines to
develop new drugs and vaccines to prevent biological weapons or an
prevent biological weapons or an
prevent biological weapons or an aspiring journalist or an aspiring
aspiring journalist or an aspiring
aspiring journalist or an aspiring public servant to consider carrying on
public servant to consider carrying on
public servant to consider carrying on this work
to prevent catastrophe to prevent
to prevent catastrophe to prevent weapons of mass destruction because as
weapons of mass destruction because as
weapons of mass destruction because as President Obama said we simply
President Obama said we simply
President Obama said we simply cannot allow the 21st century to be
cannot allow the 21st century to be
cannot allow the 21st century to be darkened by the worst weapons of the
darkened by the worst weapons of the
darkened by the worst weapons of the 20th century
”
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