just before Christmas 1880 the Utah and Northern Railway was completed in
Northern Railway was completed in
Northern Railway was completed in Montana and from map moment on there was
Montana and from map moment on there was
Montana and from map moment on there was an unprecedented growth and prosperity
an unprecedented growth and prosperity
an unprecedented growth and prosperity as a result of mainly copper ore being
as a result of mainly copper ore being
as a result of mainly copper ore being dug up and turned into copper by 1882 it
dug up and turned into copper by 1882 it
dug up and turned into copper by 1882 it was 9 million pounds by 1896 it was 210
was 9 million pounds by 1896 it was 210
was 9 million pounds by 1896 it was 210 million pounds it’s no wonder that at
million pounds it’s no wonder that at
million pounds it’s no wonder that at that time Butte came to be known as the
that time Butte came to be known as the
that time Butte came to be known as the richest Hill on earth there were 8,000
richest Hill on earth there were 8,000
richest Hill on earth there were 8,000 people working there there a monthly
people working there there a monthly
people working there there a monthly salary in today’s costs was 40 million
salary in today’s costs was 40 million
salary in today’s costs was 40 million 25 percent of the world’s copper came
25 percent of the world’s copper came
25 percent of the world’s copper came from Montana and copper was truly king
from Montana and copper was truly king
from Montana and copper was truly king however time went on the rest of the
however time went on the rest of the
however time went on the rest of the world developed particularly Africa
world developed particularly Africa
world developed particularly Africa Zambia and South America Chile and Peru
Zambia and South America Chile and Peru
Zambia and South America Chile and Peru and over time
and over time
and over time Montana’s position in copper faded but
Montana’s position in copper faded but
Montana’s position in copper faded but we now have in Montana places where
we now have in Montana places where
we now have in Montana places where copper still is king if you walk up took
copper still is king if you walk up took
copper still is king if you walk up took top amount Helena look east over the
top amount Helena look east over the
top amount Helena look east over the Cathedral in the distance you’ll see a
Cathedral in the distance you’ll see a
Cathedral in the distance you’ll see a black slag pile when it’s not covered in
black slag pile when it’s not covered in
black slag pile when it’s not covered in snow and next to that and not having
snow and next to that and not having
snow and next to that and not having anything to do with that slag pile or
anything to do with that slag pile or
anything to do with that slag pile or set of white buildings
set of white buildings
set of white buildings we’re recycled copper comes back to
we’re recycled copper comes back to
we’re recycled copper comes back to Montana
Montana
Montana it’s turned into copper powders which
it’s turned into copper powders which
it’s turned into copper powders which are exported around the world in a
are exported around the world in a
are exported around the world in a dominant way what market am I talking
dominant way what market am I talking
dominant way what market am I talking about its shipping the world fleet
about its shipping the world fleet
about its shipping the world fleet consists about eighty-five thousand
consists about eighty-five thousand
consists about eighty-five thousand ships and here are just a few of them
ships and here are just a few of them
ships and here are just a few of them top left you’ve got the container ship
top left you’ve got the container ship
top left you’ve got the container ship which take TEUs twenty-foot equivalent
which take TEUs twenty-foot equivalent
which take TEUs twenty-foot equivalent units around the world any moment in
units around the world any moment in
units around the world any moment in time there are supposed to be between
time there are supposed to be between
time there are supposed to be between five and six million of these TEUs on
five and six million of these TEUs on
five and six million of these TEUs on the seas sometimes as the train rumbles
the seas sometimes as the train rumbles
the seas sometimes as the train rumbles through Helena you’ll see them on
through Helena you’ll see them on
through Helena you’ll see them on trucks either one high or sometimes too
trucks either one high or sometimes too
trucks either one high or sometimes too high next to that is the world’s largest
high next to that is the world’s largest
high next to that is the world’s largest oil tanker that was ever built it’s
oil tanker that was ever built it’s
oil tanker that was ever built it’s actually been scrapped now so it’s no
actually been scrapped now so it’s no
actually been scrapped now so it’s no longer in existence huge 600,000
longer in existence huge 600,000
longer in existence huge 600,000 deadweight tonne bottom left you’ve got
deadweight tonne bottom left you’ve got
deadweight tonne bottom left you’ve got the ferry business this is a fast ferry
the ferry business this is a fast ferry
the ferry business this is a fast ferry that goes across the river plate between
that goes across the river plate between
that goes across the river plate between Montevideo and Buenos Aires at well over
Montevideo and Buenos Aires at well over
Montevideo and Buenos Aires at well over 50 knots and taking passengers across
50 knots and taking passengers across
50 knots and taking passengers across that those two big cities and then here
that those two big cities and then here
that those two big cities and then here is your own latest biggest aircraft
is your own latest biggest aircraft
is your own latest biggest aircraft carrier the Gerald Ford
carrier the Gerald Ford
carrier the Gerald Ford now all these ships have one thing in
now all these ships have one thing in
now all these ships have one thing in common they are big objects moving
common they are big objects moving
common they are big objects moving through a dense fluid and that requires
through a dense fluid and that requires
through a dense fluid and that requires a lot of effort but not only if they got
a lot of effort but not only if they got
a lot of effort but not only if they got to resist the water there are an amazing
to resist the water there are an amazing
to resist the water there are an amazing array of species that live in the sea
array of species that live in the sea
array of species that live in the sea here are two particular types we heard
here are two particular types we heard
here are two particular types we heard about algae in the morning that’s the
about algae in the morning that’s the
about algae in the morning that’s the one that’s on the left hand side there
one that’s on the left hand side there
one that’s on the left hand side there that’s sometimes called marine grass can
that’s sometimes called marine grass can
that’s sometimes called marine grass can grow up to three or four inches on the
grow up to three or four inches on the
grow up to three or four inches on the side of a ship produces tremendous drag
side of a ship produces tremendous drag
side of a ship produces tremendous drag you can see that yacht there it’s got a
you can see that yacht there it’s got a
you can see that yacht there it’s got a huge amount of what’s called fouling on
huge amount of what’s called fouling on
huge amount of what’s called fouling on it weighing the boat down and then on
it weighing the boat down and then on
it weighing the boat down and then on the right side you’ve got barnacles this
the right side you’ve got barnacles this
the right side you’ve got barnacles this picture I took was in there in Rio de
picture I took was in there in Rio de
picture I took was in there in Rio de Janeiro and the barnacles nearly the
Janeiro and the barnacles nearly the
Janeiro and the barnacles nearly the size of my hand so these are all slowing
size of my hand so these are all slowing
size of my hand so these are all slowing down ships so what’s that got to do with
down ships so what’s that got to do with
down ships so what’s that got to do with copper well in the late 18th century Sir
copper well in the late 18th century Sir
copper well in the late 18th century Sir Humphrey Davy who invented the Davy
Humphrey Davy who invented the Davy
Humphrey Davy who invented the Davy light for miners discovered that if you
light for miners discovered that if you
light for miners discovered that if you panel out copper and put it on the side
panel out copper and put it on the side
panel out copper and put it on the side of a ship they fixed it with copper
of a ship they fixed it with copper
of a ship they fixed it with copper nails things didn’t grow on the copper
nails things didn’t grow on the copper
nails things didn’t grow on the copper so copper prevented fouling and indeed
so copper prevented fouling and indeed
so copper prevented fouling and indeed it’s said that it changed history this
it’s said that it changed history this
it’s said that it changed history this particular battle was the Battle of
particular battle was the Battle of
particular battle was the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 when the British fleet
Trafalgar in 1805 when the British fleet
Trafalgar in 1805 when the British fleet because it had copper bottoms that’s the
because it had copper bottoms that’s the
because it had copper bottoms that’s the original of the phrase copper bottom
original of the phrase copper bottom
original of the phrase copper bottom they had these ships which could go
they had these ships which could go
they had these ships which could go faster than the French fleet and
faster than the French fleet and
faster than the French fleet and therefore it was a British victory if
therefore it was a British victory if
therefore it was a British victory if you now go to any shipyard in the world
you now go to any shipyard in the world
you now go to any shipyard in the world and see the ships that are there this is
and see the ships that are there this is
and see the ships that are there this is a particularly big one a three hundred
a particularly big one a three hundred
a particularly big one a three hundred thousand deadweight tonne tanker and you
thousand deadweight tonne tanker and you
thousand deadweight tonne tanker and you can see on the bottom left a little
can see on the bottom left a little
can see on the bottom left a little person in a cherry picker taking some
person in a cherry picker taking some
person in a cherry picker taking some samples these are enormous they use
samples these are enormous they use
samples these are enormous they use thousands of gallons of
thousands of gallons of
thousands of gallons of antifouling paint the shipping around
antifouling paint the shipping around
antifouling paint the shipping around the world uses copper 90% of ships
the world uses copper 90% of ships
the world uses copper 90% of ships around the world use copper and the
around the world use copper and the
around the world use copper and the predominant part of that is copper
predominant part of that is copper
predominant part of that is copper coming out of East Helena but shipping
coming out of East Helena but shipping
coming out of East Helena but shipping his remote from Montana let me bring you
his remote from Montana let me bring you
his remote from Montana let me bring you to a story that is much more up-to-date
to a story that is much more up-to-date
to a story that is much more up-to-date the wildlife Institute produced this
the wildlife Institute produced this
the wildlife Institute produced this report at the end of last year invasive
report at the end of last year invasive
report at the end of last year invasive species in Montana in particular Canyon
species in Montana in particular Canyon
species in Montana in particular Canyon ferry lake we’re talking here about
ferry lake we’re talking here about
ferry lake we’re talking here about zebra mussels their small mussels and
zebra mussels their small mussels and
zebra mussels their small mussels and they have a black and white stripe on
they have a black and white stripe on
they have a black and white stripe on them which hence the name zebra these
them which hence the name zebra these
them which hence the name zebra these were originally started in Russia and
were originally started in Russia and
were originally started in Russia and Ukraine they were bought on ships into
Ukraine they were bought on ships into
Ukraine they were bought on ships into the sonoran Seaway then into the Great
the sonoran Seaway then into the Great
the sonoran Seaway then into the Great Lakes and now they’re spreading through
Lakes and now they’re spreading through
Lakes and now they’re spreading through North America copper is a good way to
North America copper is a good way to
North America copper is a good way to prevent the growth or the existence of
prevent the growth or the existence of
prevent the growth or the existence of these species these these zebra mussels
these species these these zebra mussels
these species these these zebra mussels on on the bottom of boats so they don’t
on on the bottom of boats so they don’t
on on the bottom of boats so they don’t get transferred these are such a problem
get transferred these are such a problem
get transferred these are such a problem because they block up pipes they grow
because they block up pipes they grow
because they block up pipes they grow very very quickly and they can
very very quickly and they can
very very quickly and they can completely and grates and pipes can can
completely and grates and pipes can can
completely and grates and pipes can can get pletely bulk and it takes a lot of
get pletely bulk and it takes a lot of
get pletely bulk and it takes a lot of effort to clean them so copper in
effort to clean them so copper in
effort to clean them so copper in summary it saves fuel indeed you could
summary it saves fuel indeed you could
summary it saves fuel indeed you could call it one of the greatest fuel savers
call it one of the greatest fuel savers
call it one of the greatest fuel savers on the earth reduces greenhouse gases
on the earth reduces greenhouse gases
on the earth reduces greenhouse gases consequently and it’s good for
consequently and it’s good for
consequently and it’s good for prevention of invasive species so that’s
prevention of invasive species so that’s
prevention of invasive species so that’s where it is king now let me just talk
where it is king now let me just talk
where it is king now let me just talk finally about a little area that might
finally about a little area that might
finally about a little area that might be useful in the future for copper
be useful in the future for copper
be useful in the future for copper hospitals if you go into a hospital it’s
hospitals if you go into a hospital it’s
hospitals if you go into a hospital it’s a chance there is a chance you will come
a chance there is a chance you will come
a chance there is a chance you will come out with an illness that you didn’t go
out with an illness that you didn’t go
out with an illness that you didn’t go in with and that is what’s called a CH a
in with and that is what’s called a CH a
in with and that is what’s called a CH a ice hospital-acquired infections studies
ice hospital-acquired infections studies
ice hospital-acquired infections studies have been shown that 80% of H AIS are
have been shown that 80% of H AIS are
have been shown that 80% of H AIS are acquired through touch surfaces now in
acquired through touch surfaces now in
acquired through touch surfaces now in this picture their own number of those
this picture their own number of those
this picture their own number of those the door handles the chairs the bed
the door handles the chairs the bed
the door handles the chairs the bed rails the computer the drip stand the
rails the computer the drip stand the
rails the computer the drip stand the sink trays these are all areas where
sink trays these are all areas where
sink trays these are all areas where germs can live up to months
germs can live up to months
germs can live up to months just days but weeks but months and in
just days but weeks but months and in
just days but weeks but months and in between cleanings you can pick up from
between cleanings you can pick up from
between cleanings you can pick up from someone else germs
someone else germs
someone else germs now copper has been studied by in this
now copper has been studied by in this
now copper has been studied by in this context and the world expert is
context and the world expert is
context and the world expert is Professor bill evil and he has shown
Professor bill evil and he has shown
Professor bill evil and he has shown that copper is very effective against
that copper is very effective against
that copper is very effective against almost all hospital-acquired infections
almost all hospital-acquired infections
almost all hospital-acquired infections and if you look in his university
and if you look in his university
and if you look in his university building there’s a reading there that
building there’s a reading there that
building there’s a reading there that says if touch surfaces comprised copper
says if touch surfaces comprised copper
says if touch surfaces comprised copper alloys a great many lives would be saved
alloys a great many lives would be saved
alloys a great many lives would be saved in hospitals trials have been carried
in hospitals trials have been carried
in hospitals trials have been carried out in the United States this is one
out in the United States this is one
out in the United States this is one that was done in Virginia where the
that was done in Virginia where the
that was done in Virginia where the touch surfaces are all made of copper
touch surfaces are all made of copper
touch surfaces are all made of copper you can see the bed rails the the the
you can see the bed rails the the the
you can see the bed rails the the the trade the trolley there and it was shown
trade the trolley there and it was shown
trade the trolley there and it was shown in this study that compared to a room
in this study that compared to a room
in this study that compared to a room that didn’t have any copper touch
that didn’t have any copper touch
that didn’t have any copper touch surfaces the room that did have copper
surfaces the room that did have copper
surfaces the room that did have copper touch surfaces had eighty percent less
touch surfaces had eighty percent less
touch surfaces had eighty percent less transmission of H AI s so in summary
transmission of H AI s so in summary
transmission of H AI s so in summary beaut 1800s copper was king there
beaut 1800s copper was king there
beaut 1800s copper was king there currently
currently
currently copper is king in East Helena from East
copper is king in East Helena from East
copper is king in East Helena from East Helena and in the future hopefully more
Helena and in the future hopefully more
Helena and in the future hopefully more and more hospitals will put copper to
and more hospitals will put copper to
and more hospitals will put copper to help prevent transmission of H a
help prevent transmission of H a
help prevent transmission of H a hospital-acquired infections
hospital-acquired infections
hospital-acquired infections [Applause]
”
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