I am a doctor who among many
privileges
I had the privilege of staying in the
United States when they described the
first case of AIDS and this for me is
It was kind of imprinting because
has changed my vision of the
medicine and above all e and me
accompanied in my life
professional but today I will talk to you
basically this new one
concept of global health day e
of the fact that it exists in the world
of the terrible inequalities in
terms of access to health
but let’s start from the beginning then this
this positive to show the curve
extraordinary growth
life expectancy starting from
nine hundred attention these are medium
there is someone standing above and someone
that is below there are also the
differences between continents but certainly it is
it was an extraordinary growth and one
it is said but how all this happened
Well let’s say the first real reason
that of the white of the first of the water
clean clean water changed history
and the life and health of many people
so the water punished was a
essential determinant at the beginning however
the beginning of the twentieth century when it is
arrived and then certain the socio changes
cheap because you know that the
health is not just a biomedical fact no
it is also linked to the fact of where one
he lives as he eats what work he does and that
that matters a lot so I am
improve these conditions then
life expectancy has also grown
and then certainly also the progress of the
medicine that especially in the last
times have worked above all in the
compress to the more advanced age le
our pathologies
here is the good old jenner hans
young jenner who discovered the
vaccine we have put 200 years to
do it out, however, in any case
progress has been there
progress has not been fair
distributed here this is the problem
is that all these beautiful things do not
they arrive they have not reached billions of
people global health is a branch
let’s say about the medicine that deals with it
just to fight against the
inequalities
starting from the fact that there are twenty or
thirty million people who die
every year for diseases that are
preventable and treatable
so I’m dying I do not say it unnecessarily but
in short, they die
unfortunately due to inequalities e
it is about millions of people
who live in these situations that ce
we have it in total but at least 2
billions live below the level that
we all expect then I before
indeed to help you explain the concept
of global health I want to show that
what is not global health because
so we understand it better then this is
an old hollow article written in the
2000 let alone in which the concept is
this that health is not the same for
everyone and look at some inequality
this for example is the expectation of
life in good health because it’s not that
we want to live forever
we want to live in good health here
see those clearer areas
apart from here Europe and how many people
he has a life expectancy in some
countries understood reaches 50 percent
but with the Etruscans they were put like this
is
and then look at this this one does
really impression this is the
maternal mortality for childbirth in africa
one in 20 women dies in childbirth during
his life here when it happens is the
rightly disaster mali is normal yes
he dies in childbirth
see how many countries those colored and
they have a maternal mortality
intolerable then the vaccination i
children half of the world’s children are not
vaccinated, but we are parrying here of the
reported tetanus we are not talking about
new vaccines and then certain tuberculosis
malaria likes I’ll talk about one
little by little after these these stand
always lazy placed in those trains
those countries and look at this
interesting this is mortality
premature for chronic diseases
there is diabetes hypertension those
that we have here in ours in ours
we say you see where you live
the red zones die
the darker voter where he dies there
they did not have less
yes but there you die and what I have
said the other day to this friend of mine
so a small heart attack takes me
here on the stage
probably someone collects me
leads to como where one escapes me
coronary
when I go to Africa sometimes me
I ask and I’m sure I’m amazed at the heart attack
here I stay and this and le
inequalities that do not have access there
to the services and care we have here and there
attention is not just about the
south of the world because many say well
if with those poor
no look at this is the little train of
geppo may already proposed is a great one
epidemiologist of Turin who studied
the population of turin in the diary and if
a follows the route of the tram from
rich hills up to the working area there
I lose 6 years of life expectancy e
these inequalities are in Turin and
we do not talk about inequalities
the expectation of life we have between
north and south italy the 12 but what is the
reason for all these inequalities
well, certainly a bit of truth is there
globalization a little wild there is
was because there is no doubt that the
health is linked to poverty
the poor die more and get sick of
more for many reasons it is indeed
in globalization it has also brought a
po of growth but so terribly
one percent of the population is unequal
world already practically everything in hand
and there is no doubt that this wild
globalization also worsened
people’s health
see these are the rich these are
the poor and fundamentally among others
and global health is concerned with this
we do not deal with the most
marginalized
so starting from the poor this is one
homeless but the inmates think that
what is health inside the prisons of
all countries therefore some and between
the other is a devastating thing
and then also the women who work too
let’s say the sex workers and how
he says but drug addicts who are i
marginalized because imprisoned and then
people living in the slums if you want
know that there is a billion and a half of
people who live in slams
you realize what it can be
health condition in there and then
all the people of people who are
due to move we are not just talking
of migrants but also of those who
they had to change country and then
these are the worst people
and then women because women see
this is positive in some countries of the
South Africa 50 percent of women
young people are HIV-positive but certainly not
it’s because the radiant HIV virus
more like young women and
simply that these women do not have
cultural and power tools for
protect yourself
now we talked about AIDS and instead
speak for a moment because in reality it is a
It was my passion of my life
I worked there many years and it’s one thing
positive and this time I want to say
because we
the ice we use it a bit as a model for
complete fighting inequalities
then the long story but will have
story in three minutes
then a virus one day passed by one
Ape to the man was the twenties
then he made a great turn for the
world but quickly especially in large
part of the fifties went into
around there are no countries that have no cases
of aids
how many people have died of AIDS so far
in a few years from 80 when it was
more or less described in the countries
40 million people are Westerners
death and another 40 are living today with
this disease
at some point in the 80s and julio
I was there
the ice became the first cause of death
of the young people took a moment there
first cause of mortality of young people e
you see you remember how many actors how many
famous people died of AIDS
this is a little Roccazzo before
to die then something happened
extraordinary
we have collectively developed
a therapy and of 96 so if we have
put a little but this therapy has
done something that gives me the creeps
I have it when I see these positive
still there are chills because like
doctor having seen all of mine
patients die one behind the other
when this therapy has arrived, see
the red curve this is the decline
of aids for aids we say that a
certainly no longer died of aids
it was something that a doctor is
fantastic
now this thing and see are not just i
numbers is this and a girl who was
there dying and after six months it was and the
same child is the same child
So this thing happened in the countries
rich that they could afford to
pay for these expensive drugs e
in the year 2000 the situation was instead
this you see the red curve is
the deaths from AIDS in africa and the blue one
they are the dead of us
see how bassina because not exactly
one died almost more and then I see
indeed you also see the impact it had
this on life expectancy for
some African countries have lost 30
years of life expectancy due
AIDS
I also had another great one
privilege that in 2000 they elected me
president of this global society
of the HIV and at some point it has come
an idea of why we do not bring it
great conference stuff from 20 thousand
people in africa
let’s say impossible but they have me
no one will be criticized harshly
they know little about staying there, but it is instead
It was a resounding success because I am
came in thousands have come
1300 journalists and then there was him
this was a man of a certain level and
of course the story changes
changed partisans from durban is
started the big battle for
access to the media, medicines for treatment
which continued the year after it was
created the global fund even if you have
bring the money of rich countries to ai
poor countries to defeat it but not
only tuberculosis and malaria but
even AIDS is actually seen
today we have 20 million people in the
world that take drugs
antiretroviral
here this already makes you understand why
light is to be considered a model for
fight health inequalities
not only then because he put together a
lots of different people
scientists kofi annan but also the
churches and economists with a goal
to defeat a global disease the
first global disease in history
what we had seen here and was
also down
and then he brought down the cost of the
price of drugs this was one
battle
let’s say now said so it seems
simple but the fact of being able to
bring all generic drugs into ge
africa throughout the southern hemisphere is
It was a crazy battle but it is
success and therefore this is another of the
fantastic models you see this is
the impact from that curve of the
mortality is going down as well
africa and are climbing up expectations
of life you see how bringing drugs
since 2000 here they are coming back
life expectancy of those countries
so the impact there is is not good
ended in the history of and also him
still spinning
it will take a cure it will take a vaccine
But however much it has been done and was
fact was a model that we
we take to talk about health
global now this what this is
beast here this ebola I show you
this only done to explain that in a
really so global world so
interconnected with migratory phenomena of
door
you’re vocal with planes with but like
we can think of solving the problems
of health only at our home like
we can not think that for that
take care of the health of all
people who live on this earth do not
both also promote the health of the
our children of our generations
so here this is the concept of
global health today we have some
extraordinary goals that have been
signed by all the countries of the earth then
let’s see if we get there but there are 17
great goals from the fight to
poverty and hunger for the environment and the
number three of this goal is that
of health
this goal of health tells us
that we should go towards the
universal health coverage ie
fact that all the inhabitants of the earth
have access to medicines for services
primary health care for that reason
I said before that in such a world
global it is impossible not to think about the
health as something universal and
global now this is a beautiful one
goal is a bit of a utopia as though
we are going for this what
it was made for the ice not
we consider a kind of small
model of collective effort towards
everyone’s health
here this is a lighthouse a beacon that like
you know it can be used by any
navigator to reach the port
here this is called public good
this is a public good like air
that we breathe like the water of the rivers i
parts are things that everyone can use
anyone can use it and use it not
it subtracts from others this is the concept
of common good of common good and good
public and we think that health is
access to drugs must be
considered will have to be considered
as public goods to which all
can access
regardless of the
wealth of the country in which they are located there
I thank
[Applause]
”
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