a memory of my childhood when I was
boy for school I had to make a
plasticine cell played arm a
cell here I or laziness that coexist
the parts of that cell in which I
He said how it looked I know that all
we here should have done some
exercise class as the sheep be a
exercise as is done by the brothers
children or we could do our
students and I think you remember the
tomorrow people were left with an idea
I made a cell in a villa but for me
that started a journey that took me in the
time and space to become a
single night a little too the school is
everything that is alive is made of
health for example a bacterium is
made from a single cell and we
We are made of millions and millions of
cells that we humans are
cells like genes and animals both
plant cell is to make them slightly
life is made health and what is more
important that they organize them in a
particular way but we can go a
little bit beyond and look at what happens
single cell and a little beyond
look what happens inside is to make it how
the different courtyards are organized
Portuguese cell bodies beyond
look inside
the nucleus of the cell where it is organized
all the information that he tells the
cell to be this the genome that a
long long chain and the genome is a
collection of genes or even more inside
in I think for the moment and
we think we’ve started was a
person and we walk inward
go in and now we are in
the most intimate part of life that is
urgent everything stopped if we look towards
outside
the cell is organized from that
information bit
I come to talk a little about what
we do like us
we imagine in science that they stop
function
they make the genes but for that first
that what the genome imagine as
a long long line telling him that
in the regions the pieces that go from
one side to the other that we call
genes are regions of the genome that when
the city needs something for copies
of just that little piece and for example and
those those copies serve the cell
as an instruction so that they have
instructions that will run a routine
and from the eye for example there are some cells
that have an instruction that detects
where there is light and where there is no light and
example in the language
there is an instruction that says this is
bitter sweet and things that are very much
more elaborate much more complex as
our ability to think our
ability to dream to imagine
things also have a basis in genes
there are genes that organizes information from
so that we can now think no
we know how all the genes work
but we know that it has a foundation
it turns out that the cell is not an organism
present perfect that as well as I know
Now described that happen
this the only real thing is that the agency
he also makes mistakes and from time to time
when it produces a bit of instructions
in other parts where images or you have to
make everything produced by mistake and
many of those genes are many of those
bits do not do anything nothing happens if
what makes them produce is like no
they would shout something in the street that no
understood and continues straight when a
bit that causes a real instruction
the routine between the cell and for example
in some kind of cell we are going to do
that the organism has been faster and has been
faster and that’s important for
example to escape a predator was
important for example to pursue
a prey to get food for
pair
that is beneficial for the organism and
we want to retain it and the cell
has eventually developed a way
how to mark those bits and turn it
genes then of a serious error
produce an instruction to the toya by
unity
looking at how blindly it came about in is
an idea that we believed that
we think that it works more or less in
the nature and how new ones are produced
things and this we validate what we look for in
other time scales but it was said
that this takes me back in time and it’s because
example if I want to understand neither what
human and again the line with pieces
of genes
I want to understand where the
genes what I do is everything very
simple and that is that I compare with other
very human species
kiko mouse pay a fish and as I do not
we only have an idea of the relationships
evolutionary among those species
we know that the human is closer to the
mico and that then in 32 the mouse is the
which is closer to those that are left
we can not go organizing in groups that
the group does not represent time in the
past
the common ancestor between the human and the
mico more recent than the common ancestor
between the human and a weight and if we eat
the genomes of those organisms and
we look for the genes that are expressed
genes that must align with those we
we realize that for example in the
fish and in it the bird there is not that gene
ps does not exist is what he tells us
US
it happens is that approximately 100
millions of years when they still existed
dinosaurs on earth
that did not exist but then time for
here the lineage that gave birth to
mice to humans to the nation micos
people left that we draw half
It will be known soon although
we can give age to the great
topics new genes older ones you see
you on the sides because they are very old
because they are present in all
species as a viewpoint but it results in
We also have to try
our idea when we say albi and we have
observed the patterns and it occurs to us
something have creativity
we have to try the note to prove
that there are genes that are born humans
very difficult for a simple idea and it is
that we take a long time to
reproduce them in time they take for
example 20 25 years a new generation
human and if I want to try is one day
I do not have all my life
to expect all the feeling is that in
this to see it
then the trick that occurs to us
we were bacteria that in a
Week bacteria tests
generations of bacteria
I for collecting 200 years 200 years of
human life and it is imagined that I
I start an experiment when Colombia
is becoming independent and the new
mirador result of the experiment today
that’s the same thing I can do with the
bacterium already starts the experiment Monday
and it ended on Friday and I can look at what
happened in a week with cousin the scale
of evolution time and could observe
the evolution of new genes in the
laboratory or that ‘s what I wanted
do with this
the trick is simple a matter like what
what I want to try are those little pieces
of instructions that are around the
genome that are not genes or a lot of
bits that does not make any sense
but even so they do not say anything but they are
pieces of DNA from the bacteria methods
and then I have many bacteria with those
bits and each bacterium has something
different if it would be an urn have
some things at first glance it might seem
very interesting and other things still weighs
the trick here discern which of those
bits gives a bacteria an advantage
on the subject all that I like the
bacteria, we put clothes on
experiments in which we put the
bacteria growing and we wait then
we can continue
we lived in a week we were
we were a few weeks and that whoever
feel and it turns out that there is bit to
instructions to which we put
to the bacteria that we do not know
that are initially that we now know
that has an effect and there are some that in the
as we put the
experiment those bacteria disappears
that remember what they had about
you did not see her again
we can say that there is one of
those instructions that are good
positive for the bacteria and others that
they are negative and we are
looking to try with people something but to
margin any find
definitely we can collect
that idea that I told them about how
city is organized and like all those
genes from no instruction
that is not good for anything good to do in
a week we compress that and it’s the idea
that I had with looking at other patterns and
do the ipom experiment we find
this but also that if we take those
pieces for example that can produce
the gift and hat and I want now
the piece that the hat produces
wants to use for different purposes and
is for example there are bacteria and
cellular organisms that we
they hurt
hundreds there are bacteria for when
we need antibiotics but as
been consuming lukewarm therefore
existence time and we
we need to kill the bacteria support
to kill us and there are also
other cells in our body that do not
they produce cancer and that kills us
if we are able to take those
fragments that we do not know that always
they hurt a cell and we put them
inside those cells
what happens if then we are able now
with this type of system to develop
molecules to develop instructions
that if we put in the cells
they are going to kill the cells that we do not
we want to have something that seems to be
negative because life is very positive
for us as an imh tool for
me this is very rewarding in the
I sense that I like to do science
such that I like to understand things
but also important that one does
science that he has a service for the
people and I think this has all the
potential to be a tool for
that we do not over put many
of the challenges that we are going to have as
species and I want to take them back to
that is the memory that after them that
I remember but I hope that also
within each of you something of
that memory has to have and it’s like
we can combine creativity
of one as a child to be interested in something
how can we combine the creativity of
a scientist the creativity of the
cell because the cell is also
solving your problems with those
innovation production mechanisms
of production new things takes
solving your problems challenges and thousands
of millions of years and know how
integrate all that I want to be
take that and it’s that memory of your
cell is much more and can be
now the solution to a problem
great humanity but that is
He filled the house with many thanks
to
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