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Cold Comfort and How the Environment Shapes Human Biology | Scott Carney | TEDxCU


let’s go back to the winter of 1621 to a

let’s go back to the winter of 1621 to a small spit of land just north of Cape

small spit of land just north of Cape

small spit of land just north of Cape Cod called Plymouth Rock it’s here that

Cod called Plymouth Rock it’s here that

Cod called Plymouth Rock it’s here that some religious settlers from Europe

some religious settlers from Europe

some religious settlers from Europe decided to set up a colony that would

decided to set up a colony that would

decided to set up a colony that would one day become the new world it was a

one day become the new world it was a

one day become the new world it was a brutally cold winter and for three

brutally cold winter and for three

brutally cold winter and for three months they didn’t see anybody until

months they didn’t see anybody until

months they didn’t see anybody until this dude named Samoset walked up to

this dude named Samoset walked up to

this dude named Samoset walked up to their camp and said to them in English

their camp and said to them in English

their camp and said to them in English welcome welcome

welcome welcome

welcome welcome Englishman but have you ever thought

Englishman but have you ever thought

Englishman but have you ever thought about what Samoset was wearing in this

about what Samoset was wearing in this

about what Samoset was wearing in this iconic American myth just a loincloth

iconic American myth just a loincloth

iconic American myth just a loincloth that was it it was the sort of outfit

that was it it was the sort of outfit

that was it it was the sort of outfit that would make any one of us want to

that would make any one of us want to

that would make any one of us want to curl up into a little ball and just try

curl up into a little ball and just try

curl up into a little ball and just try to like keep all the heat in but how was

to like keep all the heat in but how was

to like keep all the heat in but how was it that Samoset was so comfortable in

it that Samoset was so comfortable in

it that Samoset was so comfortable in such a cold condition how was it that he

such a cold condition how was it that he

such a cold condition how was it that he was immune to the elements

was immune to the elements

was immune to the elements was it this resistant something locked

was it this resistant something locked

was it this resistant something locked in his genetic code that was just there

in his genetic code that was just there

in his genetic code that was just there or is it something that lies in all of

or is it something that lies in all of

or is it something that lies in all of us I began to understand the answer to

us I began to understand the answer to

us I began to understand the answer to this question about six years ago when I

this question about six years ago when I

this question about six years ago when I met this guy that’s wim HOF Dutch

met this guy that’s wim HOF Dutch

met this guy that’s wim HOF Dutch daredevil fitness guru he holds a

daredevil fitness guru he holds a

daredevil fitness guru he holds a fistful of World Records for dunking

fistful of World Records for dunking

fistful of World Records for dunking himself in the ice water for longer than

himself in the ice water for longer than

himself in the ice water for longer than anyone else swimming under polar ice

anyone else swimming under polar ice

anyone else swimming under polar ice caps and getting up 3/4 of the way Mount

caps and getting up 3/4 of the way Mount

caps and getting up 3/4 of the way Mount Everest in just a pair of shorts and no

Everest in just a pair of shorts and no

Everest in just a pair of shorts and no shirt so wim HOF can do some pretty

shirt so wim HOF can do some pretty

shirt so wim HOF can do some pretty great and sort of crazy things but when

great and sort of crazy things but when

great and sort of crazy things but when I heard about him he claimed something

I heard about him he claimed something

I heard about him he claimed something even greater than that that he could

even greater than that that he could

even greater than that that he could teach other people to do these same

teach other people to do these same

teach other people to do these same feats and not only that not only could

feats and not only that not only could

feats and not only that not only could he you he teach you to control your body

he you he teach you to control your body

he you he teach you to control your body temperature at will but also your immune

temperature at will but also your immune

temperature at will but also your immune system and when I heard these claims I

system and when I heard these claims I

system and when I heard these claims I figured that he was a liar

figured that he was a liar

figured that he was a liar that he was charging money to make you

that he was charging money to make you

that he was charging money to make you sort of superhuman and even worse than

sort of superhuman and even worse than

sort of superhuman and even worse than that I figured that he could get people

that I figured that he could get people

that I figured that he could get people killed

killed

killed right well he’s not the first false guru

right well he’s not the first false guru

right well he’s not the first false guru that I had unmask in print recently I

that I had unmask in print recently I

that I had unmask in print recently I just written a book about another guy

just written a book about another guy

just written a book about another guy teaching that through Tibetan Buddhist

teaching that through Tibetan Buddhist

teaching that through Tibetan Buddhist meditation he could make you an angel

meditation he could make you an angel

meditation he could make you an angel and one of his followers who is

and one of his followers who is

and one of his followers who is following this technique ended up

following this technique ended up

following this technique ended up meditating until he died in a cave in

meditating until he died in a cave in

meditating until he died in a cave in Arizona I’d built my career debunking

Arizona I’d built my career debunking

Arizona I’d built my career debunking figures like this wim HOF guy I still

figures like this wim HOF guy I still

figures like this wim HOF guy I still had to give wim HOF a chance right I

had to give wim HOF a chance right I

had to give wim HOF a chance right I mean you can’t just go and lay into

mean you can’t just go and lay into

mean you can’t just go and lay into someone in print so I flew to Poland

someone in print so I flew to Poland

someone in print so I flew to Poland where he had a training center to try

where he had a training center to try

where he had a training center to try his method myself and it only took a few

his method myself and it only took a few

his method myself and it only took a few days to figure out that wim HOF was on

days to figure out that wim HOF was on

days to figure out that wim HOF was on to something

to something

to something within a week I was climbing snowy

within a week I was climbing snowy

within a week I was climbing snowy mountains in a winter that stopped

mountains in a winter that stopped

mountains in a winter that stopped Napoleon’s army on his march to Moscow

Napoleon’s army on his march to Moscow

Napoleon’s army on his march to Moscow okay

okay

okay it was the same winter that stopped the

it was the same winter that stopped the

it was the same winter that stopped the Nazi blitzkrieg and here I was sweating

Nazi blitzkrieg and here I was sweating

Nazi blitzkrieg and here I was sweating not freezing and the method is fairly

not freezing and the method is fairly

not freezing and the method is fairly straightforward you start by some

straightforward you start by some

straightforward you start by some gradual cold exposure go out and stand

gradual cold exposure go out and stand

gradual cold exposure go out and stand in the snow and then work your way up to

in the snow and then work your way up to

in the snow and then work your way up to maybe sitting in some ice water and then

you can do things like meditate on a

you can do things like meditate on a riverbank until the snow melts around

riverbank until the snow melts around

riverbank until the snow melts around you and the key is to suppress your

you and the key is to suppress your

you and the key is to suppress your shiver response and redirect that

shiver response and redirect that

shiver response and redirect that clenching feeling that we all have in

clenching feeling that we all have in

clenching feeling that we all have in the cold which is a signature of the

the cold which is a signature of the

the cold which is a signature of the fight-or-flight responses and when you

fight-or-flight responses and when you

fight-or-flight responses and when you do that you’re trying to heat your body

do that you’re trying to heat your body

do that you’re trying to heat your body with muscle movement now by redirecting

with muscle movement now by redirecting

with muscle movement now by redirecting it and not shivering you actually force

it and not shivering you actually force

it and not shivering you actually force your metabolism to take over those

your metabolism to take over those

your metabolism to take over those heating duties

heating duties

heating duties we also learned a breathing method which

we also learned a breathing method which

we also learned a breathing method which is hyperventilating than holding our

is hyperventilating than holding our

is hyperventilating than holding our breath and then hyperventilate and hold

breath and then hyperventilate and hold

breath and then hyperventilate and hold a breath and I kept on doing that until

a breath and I kept on doing that until

a breath and I kept on doing that until I could hold my breath for three minutes

I could hold my breath for three minutes

I could hold my breath for three minutes at a time with empty lungs so these

at a time with empty lungs so these

at a time with empty lungs so these relatively simple techniques to learn

relatively simple techniques to learn

relatively simple techniques to learn you can learn them in about 15 minutes

you can learn them in about 15 minutes

you can learn them in about 15 minutes did not give me superpowers what they

did not give me superpowers what they

did not give me superpowers what they gave me were human powers and as

gave me were human powers and as

gave me were human powers and as recently as 400 years ago when the

recently as 400 years ago when the

recently as 400 years ago when the pilgrims met Samoset it was something

pilgrims met Samoset it was something

pilgrims met Samoset it was something that they found so alien but the thing

that they found so alien but the thing

that they found so alien but the thing is that this comes down to human

is that this comes down to human

is that this comes down to human evolution our species I’m talking about

evolution our species I’m talking about

evolution our species I’m talking about homo sapien sapien has walked the earth

homo sapien sapien has walked the earth

homo sapien sapien has walked the earth for about 200,000 years in that time we

for about 200,000 years in that time we

for about 200,000 years in that time we endured crippling cold and scorching

endured crippling cold and scorching

endured crippling cold and scorching heat we trekked out of the Middle East

heat we trekked out of the Middle East

heat we trekked out of the Middle East over the Alps over the Himalayas we even

over the Alps over the Himalayas we even

over the Alps over the Himalayas we even populated the new world without a

populated the new world without a

populated the new world without a whisper of what any one of us would

whisper of what any one of us would

whisper of what any one of us would consider modern technology yes we had

consider modern technology yes we had

consider modern technology yes we had leather shoes and maybe some bows and

leather shoes and maybe some bows and

leather shoes and maybe some bows and arrows

arrows

arrows we even had boats to get to the new

we even had boats to get to the new

we even had boats to get to the new world but our most valuable asset in all

world but our most valuable asset in all

world but our most valuable asset in all of this has been our body doesn’t matter

of this has been our body doesn’t matter

of this has been our body doesn’t matter whether it’s a snowstorm or a scorching

whether it’s a snowstorm or a scorching

whether it’s a snowstorm or a scorching Sun our bodies had to be our bodies had

Sun our bodies had to be our bodies had

Sun our bodies had to be our bodies had to adapt quickly if we wanted to survive

to adapt quickly if we wanted to survive

to adapt quickly if we wanted to survive and pass on our genes which means that

and pass on our genes which means that

and pass on our genes which means that you are the descendant of an

you are the descendant of an

you are the descendant of an evolutionary winner so why does it seem

evolutionary winner so why does it seem

evolutionary winner so why does it seem so crazy these feats of our past what

so crazy these feats of our past what

so crazy these feats of our past what was it about our

was it about our

was it about our ancestors that was so much stronger or

ancestors that was so much stronger or

ancestors that was so much stronger or in other words why are we so much weaker

in other words why are we so much weaker

in other words why are we so much weaker now well the difference between your

now well the difference between your

now well the difference between your Paleolithic grandfather and grandmother

Paleolithic grandfather and grandmother

Paleolithic grandfather and grandmother and us is that we have the ability to

and us is that we have the ability to

and us is that we have the ability to manipulate the world around us with

manipulate the world around us with

manipulate the world around us with technology and driving a lot of that

technology and driving a lot of that

technology and driving a lot of that technology is this feeling of comfort

technology is this feeling of comfort

technology is this feeling of comfort that we all want to embrace blizzard

that we all want to embrace blizzard

that we all want to embrace blizzard outside scorching weather it doesn’t

outside scorching weather it doesn’t

outside scorching weather it doesn’t matter we can live in a perpetual

matter we can live in a perpetual

matter we can live in a perpetual climate of about 72 degrees which is

climate of about 72 degrees which is

climate of about 72 degrees which is eternal summer it’s this narrow band of

eternal summer it’s this narrow band of

eternal summer it’s this narrow band of comfort which is so attractive to this

comfort which is so attractive to this

comfort which is so attractive to this inner nervous system our inner jellyfish

inner nervous system our inner jellyfish

inner nervous system our inner jellyfish that just want to be comfortable all the

that just want to be comfortable all the

that just want to be comfortable all the time and the technologies that have

time and the technologies that have

time and the technologies that have allowed this to happen

allowed this to happen

allowed this to happen central heating air conditioning that

central heating air conditioning that

central heating air conditioning that cool polar fleece that you wear it’s

cool polar fleece that you wear it’s

cool polar fleece that you wear it’s only arrived here in the blink of an

only arrived here in the blink of an

only arrived here in the blink of an evolutionary eye and that means that

evolutionary eye and that means that

evolutionary eye and that means that that hidden biology that we have to

that hidden biology that we have to

that hidden biology that we have to adapt to the changing environment around

adapt to the changing environment around

adapt to the changing environment around us lies dormant and this is a problem

us lies dormant and this is a problem

us lies dormant and this is a problem take for example the basic mammalian

take for example the basic mammalian

take for example the basic mammalian response of vaso constriction your body

response of vaso constriction your body

response of vaso constriction your body has about 60,000 miles of tubing in it

has about 60,000 miles of tubing in it

has about 60,000 miles of tubing in it there are arteries that take blood away

there are arteries that take blood away

there are arteries that take blood away from your heart and veins that bring it

from your heart and veins that bring it

from your heart and veins that bring it back and along the arteries are

back and along the arteries are

back and along the arteries are something called smooth muscle which

something called smooth muscle which

something called smooth muscle which will contract to bring the blood into

will contract to bring the blood into

will contract to bring the blood into your core if you’re cold now if you were

your core if you’re cold now if you were

your core if you’re cold now if you were to plunge into ice water right now that

to plunge into ice water right now that

to plunge into ice water right now that would squinch with so much force that

would squinch with so much force that

would squinch with so much force that that your hands would just be incredibly

that your hands would just be incredibly

that your hands would just be incredibly cold but you actually have to get cold

cold but you actually have to get cold

cold but you actually have to get cold and actually feel that sensation in

and actually feel that sensation in

and actually feel that sensation in order to activate that muscular response

order to activate that muscular response

order to activate that muscular response there has never been any evolutionary

there has never been any evolutionary

there has never been any evolutionary pressure to put it under conscious

pressure to put it under conscious

pressure to put it under conscious control and that means that the vast

control and that means that the vast

control and that means that the vast majority of us who live under climate

majority of us who live under climate

majority of us who live under climate control conditions never experience

control conditions never experience

control conditions never experience vasoconstriction we don’t see

vasoconstriction we don’t see

vasoconstriction we don’t see temperature and the environment

temperature and the environment

temperature and the environment in the same way as we do say exercise

in the same way as we do say exercise

in the same way as we do say exercise which means someone with that perfect

which means someone with that perfect

which means someone with that perfect gym body six-pack abs and big bulging

gym body six-pack abs and big bulging

gym body six-pack abs and big bulging muscles like my friend Channing Tatum

muscles like my friend Channing Tatum

muscles like my friend Channing Tatum over here could be hiding very weak

over here could be hiding very weak

over here could be hiding very weak circulatory muscles and vasoconstriction

circulatory muscles and vasoconstriction

circulatory muscles and vasoconstriction is just the tip of the iceberg

is just the tip of the iceberg

is just the tip of the iceberg there’s an entire hidden biology honed

there’s an entire hidden biology honed

there’s an entire hidden biology honed to deal with various environmental

to deal with various environmental

to deal with various environmental conditions extreme heat will let your

conditions extreme heat will let your

conditions extreme heat will let your pores encourage evaporation if you go

pores encourage evaporation if you go

pores encourage evaporation if you go into the cold you will ramp up your

into the cold you will ramp up your

into the cold you will ramp up your metabolism if you go to altitude you get

metabolism if you go to altitude you get

metabolism if you go to altitude you get more red blood cells in order to

more red blood cells in order to

more red blood cells in order to compensate for the decreased oxygen and

compensate for the decreased oxygen and

compensate for the decreased oxygen and this brings me back to Samoset the

this brings me back to Samoset the

this brings me back to Samoset the Algonquian nurtured their underlying

Algonquian nurtured their underlying

Algonquian nurtured their underlying biology by not building barriers between

biology by not building barriers between

biology by not building barriers between themselves in the environment in

themselves in the environment in

themselves in the environment in childhood they would take their infants

childhood they would take their infants

childhood they would take their infants and put their infants in the snow for 15

and put their infants in the snow for 15

and put their infants in the snow for 15 minutes at a time before bringing them

minutes at a time before bringing them

minutes at a time before bringing them back inside it’s the same technique that

back inside it’s the same technique that

back inside it’s the same technique that Scandinavians use to today and Russians

Scandinavians use to today and Russians

Scandinavians use to today and Russians and indigenous people all over the world

and indigenous people all over the world

and indigenous people all over the world and what this does is build a resistance

and what this does is build a resistance

and what this does is build a resistance to the elements that will last your

to the elements that will last your

to the elements that will last your whole life and you could also build this

whole life and you could also build this

whole life and you could also build this in adulthood as well the conditioning

in adulthood as well the conditioning

in adulthood as well the conditioning activates metabolic processes in your

activates metabolic processes in your

activates metabolic processes in your body that will suck white fat from your

body that will suck white fat from your

body that will suck white fat from your system and transform it directly into

system and transform it directly into

system and transform it directly into heat energy

heat energy

heat energy now think about this that spare tire

now think about this that spare tire

now think about this that spare tire that many of us carry around our waist

that many of us carry around our waist

that many of us carry around our waist is not there because you’re waiting to

is not there because you’re waiting to

is not there because you’re waiting to get into a place where you have no food

get into a place where you have no food

get into a place where you have no food that you’re starving it’s actually

that you’re starving it’s actually

that you’re starving it’s actually kindling for your metabolism to heat you

kindling for your metabolism to heat you

kindling for your metabolism to heat you up in a cold environment that’s right

up in a cold environment that’s right

up in a cold environment that’s right this is a message for Oprah’s Book Club

this is a message for Oprah’s Book Club

this is a message for Oprah’s Book Club the cold will let you lose weight for

the cold will let you lose weight for

the cold will let you lose weight for several hundred years human health has

several hundred years human health has

several hundred years human health has rested on twin pillars of diet and

rested on twin pillars of diet and

rested on twin pillars of diet and exercise it’s always been about the food

exercise it’s always been about the food

exercise it’s always been about the food you bring into your body and how you use

you bring into your body and how you use

you bring into your body and how you use it with your muscles but there is a

it with your muscles but there is a

it with your muscles but there is a third pillar of the environment which is

third pillar of the environment which is

third pillar of the environment which is as equally important it’s not just

as equally important it’s not just

as equally important it’s not just vasoconstriction this hidden biology

vasoconstriction this hidden biology

vasoconstriction this hidden biology also includes the immune system insulin

also includes the immune system insulin

also includes the immune system insulin regulation endurance and respiration and

regulation endurance and respiration and

regulation endurance and respiration and all of that is below your conscious mind

all of that is below your conscious mind

all of that is below your conscious mind and there’s no better time than right

and there’s no better time than right

and there’s no better time than right now to try to undo some of that

now to try to undo some of that

now to try to undo some of that comfortable conditioning you can start

comfortable conditioning you can start

comfortable conditioning you can start with a cold shower and I know this is

with a cold shower and I know this is

with a cold shower and I know this is the hardest thing that a human can do

the hardest thing that a human can do

the hardest thing that a human can do here you sit there under that warm water

here you sit there under that warm water

here you sit there under that warm water and you turn to that knob and turn it to

and you turn to that knob and turn it to

and you turn to that knob and turn it to cold I know it’s hard but I believe in

cold I know it’s hard but I believe in

cold I know it’s hard but I believe in you the key is the one that water is on

you the key is the one that water is on

you the key is the one that water is on you to sit there and relax into it

you to sit there and relax into it

you to sit there and relax into it and instead of clenching up and heating

and instead of clenching up and heating

and instead of clenching up and heating yourself up with your muscles let your

yourself up with your muscles let your

yourself up with your muscles let your metabolism do that job and it will just

metabolism do that job and it will just

metabolism do that job and it will just do it automatically another thing you

do it automatically another thing you

do it automatically another thing you can do is turn down your thermostat in

can do is turn down your thermostat in

can do is turn down your thermostat in the winter bring it down to about 62

the winter bring it down to about 62

the winter bring it down to about 62 degrees or in the summer turn off your

degrees or in the summer turn off your

degrees or in the summer turn off your air conditioning this will put your body

air conditioning this will put your body

air conditioning this will put your body in touch with the seasonal variations

in touch with the seasonal variations

in touch with the seasonal variations that you’re not getting if you live in

that you’re not getting if you live in

that you’re not getting if you live in summer all year round you’ll also save

summer all year round you’ll also save

summer all year round you’ll also save on heating so that’s cool and these

on heating so that’s cool and these

on heating so that’s cool and these simple things really start to trigger

simple things really start to trigger

simple things really start to trigger some rather extraordinary changes in the

some rather extraordinary changes in the

some rather extraordinary changes in the body and I ran an experiment when I was

body and I ran an experiment when I was

body and I ran an experiment when I was starting this research where I measured

starting this research where I measured

starting this research where I measured my own metabolism at the Cu Center for

my own metabolism at the Cu Center for

my own metabolism at the Cu Center for sports medicine over here on on the

sports medicine over here on on the

sports medicine over here on on the boulder campus and they put me through a

boulder campus and they put me through a

boulder campus and they put me through a vo2 max test which is a sort of me

vo2 max test which is a sort of me

vo2 max test which is a sort of me running on a treadmill as they slowly

running on a treadmill as they slowly

running on a treadmill as they slowly increase the the pitch of the running

increase the the pitch of the running

increase the the pitch of the running and as they did that they hooked me up

and as they did that they hooked me up

and as they did that they hooked me up to this oxygen monitor that saw what

to this oxygen monitor that saw what

to this oxygen monitor that saw what sorts of things and energy I was burning

sorts of things and energy I was burning

sorts of things and energy I was burning and it was no surprise to me that I

and it was no surprise to me that I

and it was no surprise to me that I would burn mostly granola bars it was

would burn mostly granola bars it was

would burn mostly granola bars it was all carbohydrates that I was burning

all carbohydrates that I was burning

all carbohydrates that I was burning which is not really what you want if you

which is not really what you want if you

which is not really what you want if you endurance athlete it’s very quick sugar

endurance athlete it’s very quick sugar

endurance athlete it’s very quick sugar but after six months of training I went

but after six months of training I went

but after six months of training I went back and I did the same test and not

back and I did the same test and not

back and I did the same test and not only did I run better

only did I run better

only did I run better I became primarily a fat burner and I

I became primarily a fat burner and I

I became primarily a fat burner and I know this graph doesn’t make a lot of

know this graph doesn’t make a lot of

know this graph doesn’t make a lot of sense when you initially look at it but

sense when you initially look at it but

sense when you initially look at it but to translate this the the doctor there

to translate this the the doctor there

to translate this the the doctor there said that it was the equivalent of me

said that it was the equivalent of me

said that it was the equivalent of me adding seven hours of cardio exercise

adding seven hours of cardio exercise

adding seven hours of cardio exercise every week to my routine but all I was

every week to my routine but all I was

every week to my routine but all I was doing was this breathing method and cold

doing was this breathing method and cold

doing was this breathing method and cold showers that’s the only change I made to

showers that’s the only change I made to

showers that’s the only change I made to my to my diet and exercise routine which

my to my diet and exercise routine which

my to my diet and exercise routine which is hugely efficient but that wasn’t the

is hugely efficient but that wasn’t the

is hugely efficient but that wasn’t the only thing that changed I also managed

only thing that changed I also managed

only thing that changed I also managed to sue I also managed to do some rather

to sue I also managed to do some rather

to sue I also managed to do some rather incredible things that’s me on the top

incredible things that’s me on the top

incredible things that’s me on the top of Kilimanjaro the highest mountain in

of Kilimanjaro the highest mountain in

of Kilimanjaro the highest mountain in Africa with wim HOF and you’ll notice

Africa with wim HOF and you’ll notice

Africa with wim HOF and you’ll notice I’m not wearing much but I was warm as I

I’m not wearing much but I was warm as I

I’m not wearing much but I was warm as I went up this mountain and I could never

went up this mountain and I could never

went up this mountain and I could never have imagined doing anything like this

have imagined doing anything like this

have imagined doing anything like this six years ago when I first met wim HOF

six years ago when I first met wim HOF

six years ago when I first met wim HOF but with these small steps cold showers

but with these small steps cold showers

but with these small steps cold showers ice baths occasionally rolling in the

ice baths occasionally rolling in the

ice baths occasionally rolling in the snow when I can exposing myself to

snow when I can exposing myself to

snow when I can exposing myself to environmental variations I was able to

environmental variations I was able to

environmental variations I was able to get in touch with that evolutionary

get in touch with that evolutionary

get in touch with that evolutionary power it’s because our bodies know what

power it’s because our bodies know what

power it’s because our bodies know what to do with environmental stimulus we

to do with environmental stimulus we

to do with environmental stimulus we just have to let them

you

you [Applause]

”

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