[Applause] well welcome thank you very much I’d
well welcome thank you very much I’d
well welcome thank you very much I’d like to start today by asking those in
like to start today by asking those in
like to start today by asking those in the audience do you enjoy wine good good
the audience do you enjoy wine good good
the audience do you enjoy wine good good organizers will you make sure that every
organizers will you make sure that every
organizers will you make sure that every single person with our hand up gets a
single person with our hand up gets a
single person with our hand up gets a free bottle of wine when we get done
free bottle of wine when we get done
free bottle of wine when we get done today just kidding my name’s Greg Jones
today just kidding my name’s Greg Jones
today just kidding my name’s Greg Jones as the introduction said I’m here to
as the introduction said I’m here to
as the introduction said I’m here to talk to you about climate grapes and
talk to you about climate grapes and
talk to you about climate grapes and wine but first I’d like to back up and
wine but first I’d like to back up and
wine but first I’d like to back up and talk about the importance of weather and
talk about the importance of weather and
talk about the importance of weather and climate in human history we know that
climate in human history we know that
climate in human history we know that early civilizations as they were
early civilizations as they were
early civilizations as they were developing developed based upon strong
developing developed based upon strong
developing developed based upon strong agricultural systems that had to do with
agricultural systems that had to do with
agricultural systems that had to do with the climate being able to allow them to
the climate being able to allow them to
the climate being able to allow them to grow a given crop if the climate change
grow a given crop if the climate change
grow a given crop if the climate change for one reason or another historically
for one reason or another historically
for one reason or another historically they migrated move somewhere else or
they migrated move somewhere else or
they migrated move somewhere else or decided to grow something or raise a
decided to grow something or raise a
decided to grow something or raise a different type of animal so climate has
different type of animal so climate has
different type of animal so climate has been very important and today just like
been very important and today just like
been very important and today just like in the past we know that climate
in the past we know that climate
in the past we know that climate influences everything we do in
influences everything we do in
influences everything we do in agriculture through controlling the
agriculture through controlling the
agriculture through controlling the suitability of a crop to a given area
suitability of a crop to a given area
suitability of a crop to a given area through influencing quality and
through influencing quality and
through influencing quality and productivity and ultimately driving
productivity and ultimately driving
productivity and ultimately driving economic sustainability anywhere in the
economic sustainability anywhere in the
economic sustainability anywhere in the world when we talk about climate and
world when we talk about climate and
world when we talk about climate and agriculture we can typically talk about
agriculture we can typically talk about
agriculture we can typically talk about two broad categories broadacre crops or
two broad categories broadacre crops or
two broad categories broadacre crops or specialty crops the idea here is is that
specialty crops the idea here is is that
specialty crops the idea here is is that these crops divide the system into how
these crops divide the system into how
these crops divide the system into how we see them geographically while
we see them geographically while
we see them geographically while broadacre crops such as corn wheat rice
broadacre crops such as corn wheat rice
broadacre crops such as corn wheat rice and soybeans grown across a very wide
and soybeans grown across a very wide
and soybeans grown across a very wide geographic and therefore climatic range
geographic and therefore climatic range
geographic and therefore climatic range specialty crops have a tendency to be
specialty crops have a tendency to be
specialty crops have a tendency to be grown over fairly narrow geographic
grown over fairly narrow geographic
grown over fairly narrow geographic areas and very narrow climate ranges
areas and very narrow climate ranges
areas and very narrow climate ranges when I was a young PhD student starting
when I was a young PhD student starting
when I was a young PhD student starting to look at studying climate and
to look at studying climate and
to look at studying climate and climatology my advisers all suggested to
climatology my advisers all suggested to
climatology my advisers all suggested to me to study broadacre crops because they
me to study broadacre crops because they
me to study broadacre crops because they were very important for food security
were very important for food security
were very important for food security however I was very much interested in
however I was very much interested in
however I was very much interested in intricate and delicate nature of how
intricate and delicate nature of how
intricate and delicate nature of how climate influence growing specialty
climate influence growing specialty
climate influence growing specialty crops especially when I was looking at
crops especially when I was looking at
crops especially when I was looking at something like viticulture and wine
something like viticulture and wine
something like viticulture and wine production in this system arguably
production in this system arguably
production in this system arguably climate is the most important factor to
climate is the most important factor to
climate is the most important factor to growing the crop in making wine so as
growing the crop in making wine so as
growing the crop in making wine so as such I went down this path to look at
such I went down this path to look at
such I went down this path to look at the system some people asked me and they
the system some people asked me and they
the system some people asked me and they said this is a pretty superfluous thing
said this is a pretty superfluous thing
said this is a pretty superfluous thing to study alcohol but alcohol has been
to study alcohol but alcohol has been
to study alcohol but alcohol has been with us for throughout history and has
with us for throughout history and has
with us for throughout history and has helped shaped who we are and so I
helped shaped who we are and so I
helped shaped who we are and so I thought that was a very interesting
thought that was a very interesting
thought that was a very interesting aspect of something to study and wine
aspect of something to study and wine
aspect of something to study and wine which which embodies all kinds of
which which embodies all kinds of
which which embodies all kinds of characteristics associated with art and
characteristics associated with art and
characteristics associated with art and history gastronomy Romanticism
history gastronomy Romanticism
history gastronomy Romanticism science of all kinds it was all tied up
science of all kinds it was all tied up
science of all kinds it was all tied up in this one agricultural pursuit for me
in this one agricultural pursuit for me
in this one agricultural pursuit for me was just too rich of a system to not
was just too rich of a system to not
was just too rich of a system to not study so that’s where I went down this
study so that’s where I went down this
study so that’s where I went down this path to become a wine climatologist and
path to become a wine climatologist and
path to become a wine climatologist and I always say that somebody had to do it
I always say that somebody had to do it
I always say that somebody had to do it so I want to start here by talking about
so I want to start here by talking about
so I want to start here by talking about something we’ve learned over time about
something we’ve learned over time about
something we’ve learned over time about this term called terroir not terror but
this term called terroir not terror but
this term called terroir not terror but terroir terroir is comes from the Latin
terroir terroir is comes from the Latin
terroir terroir is comes from the Latin Terry or territory its first modern
Terry or territory its first modern
Terry or territory its first modern definition is based upon a stretch of
definition is based upon a stretch of
definition is based upon a stretch of land limited by its agricultural
land limited by its agricultural
land limited by its agricultural capacity and within the concept of
capacity and within the concept of
capacity and within the concept of terroir it typically is trying to
terroir it typically is trying to
terroir it typically is trying to describe all of the factors that go into
describe all of the factors that go into
describe all of the factors that go into growing grapes and making wine this
growing grapes and making wine this
growing grapes and making wine this includes the variety in terms of how
includes the variety in terms of how
includes the variety in terms of how it’s being grown but this also includes
it’s being grown but this also includes
it’s being grown but this also includes all of the natural factors such as
all of the natural factors such as
all of the natural factors such as climate landscape geology and soil that
climate landscape geology and soil that
climate landscape geology and soil that go into growing grapes in making wine
go into growing grapes in making wine
go into growing grapes in making wine however there’s a tremendous cultural
however there’s a tremendous cultural
however there’s a tremendous cultural aspect to where cultural factors are
aspect to where cultural factors are
aspect to where cultural factors are extremely important especially in in
extremely important especially in in
extremely important especially in in terms of how we decide what variety goes
terms of how we decide what variety goes
terms of how we decide what variety goes where and how those wines are being made
where and how those wines are being made
where and how those wines are being made from the fruit grown in those vineyards
from the fruit grown in those vineyards
from the fruit grown in those vineyards so the cultural component is extremely
so the cultural component is extremely
so the cultural component is extremely important now up all the natural factors
important now up all the natural factors
important now up all the natural factors that go into growing grapes making wine
that go into growing grapes making wine
that go into growing grapes making wine it is pretty clear that climate is the
it is pretty clear that climate is the
it is pretty clear that climate is the kind of the baseline expression that we
kind of the baseline expression that we
kind of the baseline expression that we can all
can all
can all kind of agree on and understand and I
kind of agree on and understand and I
kind of agree on and understand and I think most of you as well in the
think most of you as well in the
think most of you as well in the audience the the very baseline
audience the the very baseline
audience the the very baseline expression here is the difference
expression here is the difference
expression here is the difference between wine styles we can all tell a
between wine styles we can all tell a
between wine styles we can all tell a wine that typically comes from a cool
wine that typically comes from a cool
wine that typically comes from a cool climate or a warm climate at cool
climate or a warm climate at cool
climate or a warm climate at cool climate wines tend to be lighter more
climate wines tend to be lighter more
climate wines tend to be lighter more subtle they have a higher acidity very
subtle they have a higher acidity very
subtle they have a higher acidity very crisp they tend to have bright fruit
crisp they tend to have bright fruit
crisp they tend to have bright fruit flavors while wines that come from a
flavors while wines that come from a
flavors while wines that come from a warmer terroir have a tends to be fuller
warmer terroir have a tends to be fuller
warmer terroir have a tends to be fuller deeper colored higher alcohol and and
deeper colored higher alcohol and and
deeper colored higher alcohol and and darker fruits so we all know that that
darker fruits so we all know that that
darker fruits so we all know that that this wine style framework is really
this wine style framework is really
this wine style framework is really being driven by climate what happens
being driven by climate what happens
being driven by climate what happens with geology and soil is is that they
with geology and soil is is that they
with geology and soil is is that they influence the overall subtle nature of
influence the overall subtle nature of
influence the overall subtle nature of those expressions within a given region
those expressions within a given region
those expressions within a given region or within a given vineyard so it all
or within a given vineyard so it all
or within a given vineyard so it all plays an important role but climate is
plays an important role but climate is
plays an important role but climate is the main driver here the other component
the main driver here the other component
the main driver here the other component of this is is that that climate really
of this is is that that climate really
of this is is that that climate really is a strong driver in quality and
is a strong driver in quality and
is a strong driver in quality and productivity that happens within the
productivity that happens within the
productivity that happens within the terroir framework of things so as I’ve
terroir framework of things so as I’ve
terroir framework of things so as I’ve been looking at this terroir is an
been looking at this terroir is an
been looking at this terroir is an important kind of construct that we use
important kind of construct that we use
important kind of construct that we use to describe kind of what’s happening
to describe kind of what’s happening
to describe kind of what’s happening within growing grapes and making wine so
within growing grapes and making wine so
within growing grapes and making wine so this leads me to talk a little bit about
this leads me to talk a little bit about
this leads me to talk a little bit about relationships when we look at the
relationships when we look at the
relationships when we look at the overall framework of growing grapes in
overall framework of growing grapes in
overall framework of growing grapes in making wine we know that it takes quite
making wine we know that it takes quite
making wine we know that it takes quite a bit to be able to produce a given crop
a bit to be able to produce a given crop
a bit to be able to produce a given crop for high quality we know we have to
for high quality we know we have to
for high quality we know we have to understand this the the structure of the
understand this the the structure of the
understand this the the structure of the climate in a given region what that
climate in a given region what that
climate in a given region what that looks like in terms of growing season
looks like in terms of growing season
looks like in terms of growing season length and and rainfall timing and
length and and rainfall timing and
length and and rainfall timing and extreme events but we also need to know
extreme events but we also need to know
extreme events but we also need to know how that structure drives the
how that structure drives the
how that structure drives the suitability to any given variety grown
suitability to any given variety grown
suitability to any given variety grown there but beyond structure and
there but beyond structure and
there but beyond structure and suitability we also have to have a
suitability we also have to have a
suitability we also have to have a framework behind which we can understand
framework behind which we can understand
framework behind which we can understand how climate variability influences
how climate variability influences
how climate variability influences quality and productivity but today more
quality and productivity but today more
quality and productivity but today more than ever we also need to understand how
than ever we also need to understand how
than ever we also need to understand how a changing climate influences all of
a changing climate influences all of
a changing climate influences all of this whether it changes the structure in
this whether it changes the structure in
this whether it changes the structure in a given region the suitability to
a given region the suitability to
a given region the suitability to varieties and or the overall variability
varieties and or the overall variability
varieties and or the overall variability in a region is all very very important
in a region is all very very important
in a region is all very very important this is critical because wine grapes are
this is critical because wine grapes are
this is critical because wine grapes are a narrow specialty crop that that are
a narrow specialty crop that that are
a narrow specialty crop that that are really prone to changes in climate
really prone to changes in climate
really prone to changes in climate overall so what I’ve been doing is
overall so what I’ve been doing is
overall so what I’ve been doing is trying to study what these this
trying to study what these this
trying to study what these this framework is
framework is
framework is or one great production not only
or one great production not only
or one great production not only globally but also here locally within
globally but also here locally within
globally but also here locally within our region so this leads me to the idea
our region so this leads me to the idea
our region so this leads me to the idea that some of you might say or be
that some of you might say or be
that some of you might say or be thinking about right now the idea that
thinking about right now the idea that
thinking about right now the idea that is there an ideal climate for wine
is there an ideal climate for wine
is there an ideal climate for wine production well I’ve been trying to
production well I’ve been trying to
production well I’ve been trying to study this for about 25 years or so now
study this for about 25 years or so now
study this for about 25 years or so now and I think we know some things they’re
and I think we know some things they’re
and I think we know some things they’re worth sharing number one I’ve been
worth sharing number one I’ve been
worth sharing number one I’ve been looking at this concept behind what’s
looking at this concept behind what’s
looking at this concept behind what’s called a climate niche a niche climate
called a climate niche a niche climate
called a climate niche a niche climate niche is essentially the climatic
niche is essentially the climatic
niche is essentially the climatic environment that any organism whether it
environment that any organism whether it
environment that any organism whether it be a plant or an animal functions the
be a plant or an animal functions the
be a plant or an animal functions the best in for wine grapes this basically
best in for wine grapes this basically
best in for wine grapes this basically means if you plant the right grape in
means if you plant the right grape in
means if you plant the right grape in the right place you’re going to get more
the right place you’re going to get more
the right place you’re going to get more consistent quality and more consistent
consistent quality and more consistent
consistent quality and more consistent productivity over the long term now as
productivity over the long term now as
productivity over the long term now as we look at overall climate structures of
we look at overall climate structures of
we look at overall climate structures of places worldwide we know that climate in
places worldwide we know that climate in
places worldwide we know that climate in general is based upon what we all kind
general is based upon what we all kind
general is based upon what we all kind of lead to believe these Mediterranean
of lead to believe these Mediterranean
of lead to believe these Mediterranean climate structures out there in the
climate structures out there in the
climate structures out there in the world and it’s mostly it’s true because
world and it’s mostly it’s true because
world and it’s mostly it’s true because we have this history with Europe and we
we have this history with Europe and we
we have this history with Europe and we look at these areas and we try to
look at these areas and we try to
look at these areas and we try to understand what their framework is all
understand what their framework is all
understand what their framework is all about but I can tell you that wine
about but I can tell you that wine
about but I can tell you that wine grapes are today grown across average
grapes are today grown across average
grapes are today grown across average huge range of mid-latitude zones that
huge range of mid-latitude zones that
huge range of mid-latitude zones that are very suitable to growing quite a few
are very suitable to growing quite a few
are very suitable to growing quite a few different varieties
different varieties
different varieties matter of fact hundreds of varieties can
matter of fact hundreds of varieties can
matter of fact hundreds of varieties can be grown across landscapes all over the
be grown across landscapes all over the
be grown across landscapes all over the world to produce different wine cells
world to produce different wine cells
world to produce different wine cells some of these places are more suitable
some of these places are more suitable
some of these places are more suitable to cooler climate varieties some of them
to cooler climate varieties some of them
to cooler climate varieties some of them are more suitable to warmer climate
are more suitable to warmer climate
are more suitable to warmer climate varieties but their overall framework
varieties but their overall framework
varieties but their overall framework here is is that there’s a rich amount of
here is is that there’s a rich amount of
here is is that there’s a rich amount of varietal material that can be grown in
varietal material that can be grown in
varietal material that can be grown in different places throughout the world in
different places throughout the world in
different places throughout the world in terms of what we can produce so a lot of
terms of what we can produce so a lot of
terms of what we can produce so a lot of this has led me to studying these
this has led me to studying these
this has led me to studying these aspects of these climate niches and
aspects of these climate niches and
aspects of these climate niches and trying to better understand what variety
trying to better understand what variety
trying to better understand what variety does best where and how and in doing so
does best where and how and in doing so
does best where and how and in doing so that’s led me to this idea of
that’s led me to this idea of
that’s led me to this idea of suitability how can we understand
suitability how can we understand
suitability how can we understand suitability relative to any crop let
suitability relative to any crop let
suitability relative to any crop let alone something as complex as growing
alone something as complex as growing
alone something as complex as growing grapes and making wine I collected data
grapes and making wine I collected data
grapes and making wine I collected data from places all over the world to try to
from places all over the world to try to
from places all over the world to try to best better understand this
best better understand this
best better understand this and in doing so I have worked up to a
and in doing so I have worked up to a
and in doing so I have worked up to a diagram that’s very useful to illustrate
diagram that’s very useful to illustrate
diagram that’s very useful to illustrate the concept here this diagram is a
the concept here this diagram is a
the concept here this diagram is a representation of 21 of the most common
representation of 21 of the most common
representation of 21 of the most common varieties grown worldwide you can pick
varieties grown worldwide you can pick
varieties grown worldwide you can pick out your favor and what it is is it
out your favor and what it is is it
out your favor and what it is is it represents the climate niche of these
represents the climate niche of these
represents the climate niche of these varieties based upon where and how they
varieties based upon where and how they
varieties based upon where and how they can be grown best throughout the world I
can be grown best throughout the world I
can be grown best throughout the world I also have table grapes and raisins here
also have table grapes and raisins here
also have table grapes and raisins here just to put an upper bound on the whole
just to put an upper bound on the whole
just to put an upper bound on the whole framework of where the warmest areas are
framework of where the warmest areas are
framework of where the warmest areas are for grapevines two different things are
for grapevines two different things are
for grapevines two different things are being shown here and we’ll get to a
being shown here and we’ll get to a
being shown here and we’ll get to a third in a moment but the two different
third in a moment but the two different
third in a moment but the two different things are largely the climate type in
things are largely the climate type in
things are largely the climate type in which these varieties can be grown in
which these varieties can be grown in
which these varieties can be grown in weather it’s cool intermediate warmer
weather it’s cool intermediate warmer
weather it’s cool intermediate warmer hot but also the potential wine style
hot but also the potential wine style
hot but also the potential wine style and to describe that a little bit more I
and to describe that a little bit more I
and to describe that a little bit more I want to talk about Pinot Noir most of
want to talk about Pinot Noir most of
want to talk about Pinot Noir most of you probably know Oregon’s number one
you probably know Oregon’s number one
you probably know Oregon’s number one variety is Pinot Noir well it can be
variety is Pinot Noir well it can be
variety is Pinot Noir well it can be grown over a fairly narrow climb a niche
grown over a fairly narrow climb a niche
grown over a fairly narrow climb a niche of about four degrees Fahrenheit
of about four degrees Fahrenheit
of about four degrees Fahrenheit globally and in doing so on the cool end
globally and in doing so on the cool end
globally and in doing so on the cool end we have places like Tasmania on the warm
we have places like Tasmania on the warm
we have places like Tasmania on the warm and we have places like the Russian
and we have places like the Russian
and we have places like the Russian River Valley and in the middle we have
River Valley and in the middle we have
River Valley and in the middle we have places like burgundy and the Willamette
places like burgundy and the Willamette
places like burgundy and the Willamette Valley what happens here is is that
Valley what happens here is is that
Valley what happens here is is that Pinot Noir that’s grown on the cool end
Pinot Noir that’s grown on the cool end
Pinot Noir that’s grown on the cool end tends to be a lighter bodied lighter
tends to be a lighter bodied lighter
tends to be a lighter bodied lighter color more subtle wine while it’s grown
color more subtle wine while it’s grown
color more subtle wine while it’s grown on the warmer and it tends to be a more
on the warmer and it tends to be a more
on the warmer and it tends to be a more fuller Barty body darker color Pinot
fuller Barty body darker color Pinot
fuller Barty body darker color Pinot Noir wine so that’s the wine style
Noir wine so that’s the wine style
Noir wine so that’s the wine style potential that can happen in this
potential that can happen in this
potential that can happen in this framework
framework
framework and if you really think about it you
and if you really think about it you
and if you really think about it you could describe the same thing for any
could describe the same thing for any
could describe the same thing for any one of the varieties that’s on the list
one of the varieties that’s on the list
one of the varieties that’s on the list another aspect of this I think is
another aspect of this I think is
another aspect of this I think is important you might be saying well can
important you might be saying well can
important you might be saying well can these varieties be grown outside these
these varieties be grown outside these
these varieties be grown outside these bounds yes they can and people do it
bounds yes they can and people do it
bounds yes they can and people do it however the climate is such that
however the climate is such that
however the climate is such that unreliable yields typically are produced
unreliable yields typically are produced
unreliable yields typically are produced and then quality tends to be more
and then quality tends to be more
and then quality tends to be more questionable or sketchy and so it’s not
questionable or sketchy and so it’s not
questionable or sketchy and so it’s not a very marketable product within these
a very marketable product within these
a very marketable product within these bounds you tend to be more consistent
bounds you tend to be more consistent
bounds you tend to be more consistent overall another way of looking at this
overall another way of looking at this
overall another way of looking at this in terms of this diagram is to talk
in terms of this diagram is to talk
in terms of this diagram is to talk about regions
about regions
about regions I developed a concept just looking at
I developed a concept just looking at
I developed a concept just looking at what I call the climatic envelope for a
what I call the climatic envelope for a
what I call the climatic envelope for a given region so this is the essentially
given region so this is the essentially
given region so this is the essentially the coolest – the warmest places in a
the coolest – the warmest places in a
the coolest – the warmest places in a region and how it can ripen any variety
region and how it can ripen any variety
region and how it can ripen any variety and we can
and we can
and we can talk about a couple of places here’s
talk about a couple of places here’s
talk about a couple of places here’s burgundy burgundy is a relatively cool
burgundy burgundy is a relatively cool
burgundy burgundy is a relatively cool climate area and grows mostly Pinot Noir
climate area and grows mostly Pinot Noir
climate area and grows mostly Pinot Noir and Chardonnay and you can see why it’s
and Chardonnay and you can see why it’s
and Chardonnay and you can see why it’s climate envelope is basically central to
climate envelope is basically central to
climate envelope is basically central to that we can also look at a warm climate
that we can also look at a warm climate
that we can also look at a warm climate place like Bordeaux Bordeaux a little
place like Bordeaux Bordeaux a little
place like Bordeaux Bordeaux a little bit again a little bit warmer it’s it
bit again a little bit warmer it’s it
bit again a little bit warmer it’s it can ripen us at different range of
can ripen us at different range of
can ripen us at different range of varieties and also produces a different
varieties and also produces a different
varieties and also produces a different range of styles so that brings me to
range of styles so that brings me to
range of styles so that brings me to talk about here we’re in the Umpqua
talk about here we’re in the Umpqua
talk about here we’re in the Umpqua Valley of Oregon a very prominent wine
Valley of Oregon a very prominent wine
Valley of Oregon a very prominent wine region in the state whereas its climate
region in the state whereas its climate
region in the state whereas its climate niche and what does it look like well
niche and what does it look like well
niche and what does it look like well it’s basically somewhat in the middle of
it’s basically somewhat in the middle of
it’s basically somewhat in the middle of these two burgundy and Bordeaux and the
these two burgundy and Bordeaux and the
these two burgundy and Bordeaux and the framework here is you should be able to
framework here is you should be able to
framework here is you should be able to see right away that it’s wider
see right away that it’s wider
see right away that it’s wider well it’s wider because the region of
well it’s wider because the region of
well it’s wider because the region of the Umpqua valley is larger we also have
the Umpqua valley is larger we also have
the Umpqua valley is larger we also have more elevational differences in
more elevational differences in
more elevational differences in latitudinal differences so we have a
latitudinal differences so we have a
latitudinal differences so we have a bigger climate envelope but we do
bigger climate envelope but we do
bigger climate envelope but we do overlap we have some characteristic
overlap we have some characteristic
overlap we have some characteristic climates that are very similar to
climates that are very similar to
climates that are very similar to burgundy and some they’re a little
burgundy and some they’re a little
burgundy and some they’re a little similar to Bordeaux as well so this
similar to Bordeaux as well so this
similar to Bordeaux as well so this leads me to talk about climate change a
leads me to talk about climate change a
leads me to talk about climate change a lot of well documented changes that have
lot of well documented changes that have
lot of well documented changes that have happened out there in terms of climate
happened out there in terms of climate
happened out there in terms of climate and climate controlled factors in wine
and climate controlled factors in wine
and climate controlled factors in wine regions we know that growing seasons
regions we know that growing seasons
regions we know that growing seasons have gotten warmer and longer you know
have gotten warmer and longer you know
have gotten warmer and longer you know that winter periods have been warmer as
that winter periods have been warmer as
that winter periods have been warmer as well the plants are telling us that
well the plants are telling us that
well the plants are telling us that things are changing because they have
things are changing because they have
things are changing because they have earlier bud break and flowering and
earlier bud break and flowering and
earlier bud break and flowering and harvest we also know that ripening
harvest we also know that ripening
harvest we also know that ripening characteristics or profiles have changed
characteristics or profiles have changed
characteristics or profiles have changed we’ve been accumulating more sugar and
we’ve been accumulating more sugar and
we’ve been accumulating more sugar and producing slightly higher alcohol wines
producing slightly higher alcohol wines
producing slightly higher alcohol wines and therefore wine styles have changed
and therefore wine styles have changed
and therefore wine styles have changed because of pests and diseases have
because of pests and diseases have
because of pests and diseases have changed we’ve also seen some changes
changed we’ve also seen some changes
changed we’ve also seen some changes overall in characteristics of soil
overall in characteristics of soil
overall in characteristics of soil erosion and fertility but we’ve also
erosion and fertility but we’ve also
erosion and fertility but we’ve also seen water resource changes where some
seen water resource changes where some
seen water resource changes where some places have gotten drier and some places
places have gotten drier and some places
places have gotten drier and some places have gotten wetter but let’s look at a
have gotten wetter but let’s look at a
have gotten wetter but let’s look at a very basic change getting back to this
very basic change getting back to this
very basic change getting back to this diagram that we’ve just been talking
diagram that we’ve just been talking
diagram that we’ve just been talking about and put it into a framework of
about and put it into a framework of
about and put it into a framework of trying to understand how changes in
trying to understand how changes in
trying to understand how changes in climate influence not only how varieties
climate influence not only how varieties
climate influence not only how varieties can be produced but how regions can
can be produced but how regions can
can be produced but how regions can produce those varieties based upon their
produce those varieties based upon their
produce those varieties based upon their climate envelope I’m gonna go back to
climate envelope I’m gonna go back to
climate envelope I’m gonna go back to burgundy burgundy in the 1950s was
burgundy burgundy in the 1950s was
burgundy burgundy in the 1950s was relatively cool cooler than it is today
relatively cool cooler than it is today
relatively cool cooler than it is today and it was still able to produce Pinot
and it was still able to produce Pinot
and it was still able to produce Pinot Noir and Chardonnay it’s two Markey
Noir and Chardonnay it’s two Markey
Noir and Chardonnay it’s two Markey varieties but did it in a slightly
varieties but did it in a slightly
varieties but did it in a slightly different wine style framework if you of
different wine style framework if you of
different wine style framework if you of course fast forward to where we are
course fast forward to where we are
course fast forward to where we are today you can see that that shift of a
today you can see that that shift of a
today you can see that that shift of a couple of degrees is more central to
couple of degrees is more central to
couple of degrees is more central to those two varieties and so therefore
those two varieties and so therefore
those two varieties and so therefore allows it to be produced more
allows it to be produced more
allows it to be produced more consistently if we look at conservative
consistently if we look at conservative
consistently if we look at conservative estimates of warming in the future
estimates of warming in the future
estimates of warming in the future burgundy will likely end up here the
burgundy will likely end up here the
burgundy will likely end up here the climatic envelope will be on they warm
climatic envelope will be on they warm
climatic envelope will be on they warm up or in for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
up or in for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
up or in for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay it doesn’t remove them from the ability
it doesn’t remove them from the ability
it doesn’t remove them from the ability to produce those wines but what it does
to produce those wines but what it does
to produce those wines but what it does is it changes the wine style overall
is it changes the wine style overall
is it changes the wine style overall framework that they can produce there if
framework that they can produce there if
framework that they can produce there if we if we look at this though this is a
we if we look at this though this is a
we if we look at this though this is a conservative projection of climate in
conservative projection of climate in
conservative projection of climate in the future what happens if it changes to
the future what happens if it changes to
the future what happens if it changes to more extremes that we kind of tend to
more extremes that we kind of tend to
more extremes that we kind of tend to think might happen this would put
think might happen this would put
think might happen this would put burgundy in a completely different
burgundy in a completely different
burgundy in a completely different framework we’re only the coolest of
framework we’re only the coolest of
framework we’re only the coolest of places can potentially ripen fruit in
places can potentially ripen fruit in
places can potentially ripen fruit in the future and potentially there will be
the future and potentially there will be
the future and potentially there will be other varieties that can be done there
other varieties that can be done there
other varieties that can be done there how about if we go to where we are again
how about if we go to where we are again
how about if we go to where we are again here in the Umpqua Valley and think
here in the Umpqua Valley and think
here in the Umpqua Valley and think about it we go back to the 1950s in the
about it we go back to the 1950s in the
about it we go back to the 1950s in the uncle eval II the climates were a little
uncle eval II the climates were a little
uncle eval II the climates were a little cooler than they are today
cooler than they are today
cooler than they are today the first pioneers that came here in the
the first pioneers that came here in the
the first pioneers that came here in the 1960s planted varieties that were more
1960s planted varieties that were more
1960s planted varieties that were more so associated with that cooler climate
so associated with that cooler climate
so associated with that cooler climate and did fairly well fast forward to
and did fairly well fast forward to
and did fairly well fast forward to today this is our climate envelope we
today this is our climate envelope we
today this is our climate envelope we still produce some of those cool climate
still produce some of those cool climate
still produce some of those cool climate varieties but now we have shifted a
varieties but now we have shifted a
varieties but now we have shifted a little bit and we’re producing other
little bit and we’re producing other
little bit and we’re producing other varieties how about conservative warming
varieties how about conservative warming
varieties how about conservative warming in the growing seasons of four to five
in the growing seasons of four to five
in the growing seasons of four to five degrees Fahrenheit by 2050 this is what
degrees Fahrenheit by 2050 this is what
degrees Fahrenheit by 2050 this is what our climate envelope would be like we
our climate envelope would be like we
our climate envelope would be like we would to be shifting a little bit in
would to be shifting a little bit in
would to be shifting a little bit in terms of what we can do but we’d also be
terms of what we can do but we’d also be
terms of what we can do but we’d also be opening up potentially to new varieties
opening up potentially to new varieties
opening up potentially to new varieties in terms of our overall productivity
in terms of our overall productivity
in terms of our overall productivity capability so that leads me to the idea
capability so that leads me to the idea
capability so that leads me to the idea of what does the future hold
of what does the future hold
of what does the future hold well first we know that today climate is
well first we know that today climate is
well first we know that today climate is warmer than any time in our recorded
warmer than any time in our recorded
warmer than any time in our recorded past we also know that continued warming
past we also know that continued warming
past we also know that continued warming is highly likely while climate change
is highly likely while climate change
is highly likely while climate change has the ability to affect every single
has the ability to affect every single
has the ability to affect every single agricultural pursuit the narrow zones of
agricultural pursuit the narrow zones of
agricultural pursuit the narrow zones of one great production are
one great production are
one great production are prone to climate change and so I’ve
prone to climate change and so I’ve
prone to climate change and so I’ve provided us some good evidence of kind
provided us some good evidence of kind
provided us some good evidence of kind of these type of impacts into a
of these type of impacts into a
of these type of impacts into a specialty crop system so as we look
specialty crop system so as we look
specialty crop system so as we look forward to the future we have to think a
forward to the future we have to think a
forward to the future we have to think a little bit about kind of what this means
little bit about kind of what this means
little bit about kind of what this means for the overall perspective of wine
for the overall perspective of wine
for the overall perspective of wine grape growing we know that the past 50
grape growing we know that the past 50
grape growing we know that the past 50 years have benefited quality of wine
years have benefited quality of wine
years have benefited quality of wine worldwide with some climate change but
worldwide with some climate change but
worldwide with some climate change but our projections into the future have a
our projections into the future have a
our projections into the future have a tendency to point to the idea that some
tendency to point to the idea that some
tendency to point to the idea that some beneficial impacts will happen but will
beneficial impacts will happen but will
beneficial impacts will happen but will likely have some detrimental impacts as
likely have some detrimental impacts as
likely have some detrimental impacts as well I personally believe that Oregon
well I personally believe that Oregon
well I personally believe that Oregon has plenty to gain from overall climate
has plenty to gain from overall climate
has plenty to gain from overall climate change and I think that we’ll see some
change and I think that we’ll see some
change and I think that we’ll see some of that our are warming in our cool to
of that our are warming in our cool to
of that our are warming in our cool to intermediate climates will likely
intermediate climates will likely
intermediate climates will likely produce a situation in which we have
produce a situation in which we have
produce a situation in which we have increased viability for some varieties
increased viability for some varieties
increased viability for some varieties but we can also potentially see new
but we can also potentially see new
but we can also potentially see new varieties that we can grow
varieties that we can grow
varieties that we can grow however our warm and dry summers are
however our warm and dry summers are
however our warm and dry summers are projected to nothing to get nothing more
projected to nothing to get nothing more
projected to nothing to get nothing more than warmer and drier and what that
than warmer and drier and what that
than warmer and drier and what that might do is that might increase heat
might do is that might increase heat
might do is that might increase heat stress and/or increase issues of water
stress and/or increase issues of water
stress and/or increase issues of water resource demand so I think we have some
resource demand so I think we have some
resource demand so I think we have some real important issues there I have a lot
real important issues there I have a lot
real important issues there I have a lot of confidence in viticulture and wine
of confidence in viticulture and wine
of confidence in viticulture and wine production to to address these issues
production to to address these issues
production to to address these issues they already have in increasing their
they already have in increasing their
they already have in increasing their sustainability and are constantly
sustainability and are constantly
sustainability and are constantly looking to reduce their vulnerability
looking to reduce their vulnerability
looking to reduce their vulnerability and increase their adaptive capacity in
and increase their adaptive capacity in
and increase their adaptive capacity in the face of climate change they’re doing
the face of climate change they’re doing
the face of climate change they’re doing this through looking at better plant
this through looking at better plant
this through looking at better plant material how to better manage vineyards
material how to better manage vineyards
material how to better manage vineyards but also how to take that fruit from the
but also how to take that fruit from the
but also how to take that fruit from the vineyard into the winery and control
vineyard into the winery and control
vineyard into the winery and control quality into the future all of that
quality into the future all of that
quality into the future all of that being said I think all of us as wine
being said I think all of us as wine
being said I think all of us as wine consumers need to be adaptable to change
consumers need to be adaptable to change
consumers need to be adaptable to change them as well change is going to happen
them as well change is going to happen
them as well change is going to happen whether it be changes in wine styles or
whether it be changes in wine styles or
whether it be changes in wine styles or wine varieties this is just bound to
wine varieties this is just bound to
wine varieties this is just bound to happen in all the wine regions in the
happen in all the wine regions in the
happen in all the wine regions in the world if you are a true terroir wrist
world if you are a true terroir wrist
world if you are a true terroir wrist and you love wine then embrace these
and you love wine then embrace these
and you love wine then embrace these changes go out there and continually try
changes go out there and continually try
changes go out there and continually try to find the best wine you can find from
to find the best wine you can find from
to find the best wine you can find from the magic that is terroir thank you
the magic that is terroir thank you
the magic that is terroir thank you [Applause]
”
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