so how many people here have used the Internet today well that’s about
Internet today well that’s about
Internet today well that’s about everyone here but looks live but the
everyone here but looks live but the
everyone here but looks live but the fact is that over half of the world’s
fact is that over half of the world’s
fact is that over half of the world’s population has no access to the Internet
population has no access to the Internet
population has no access to the Internet at all yet Internet connectivity is
at all yet Internet connectivity is
at all yet Internet connectivity is critical to poverty reduction and
critical to poverty reduction and
critical to poverty reduction and encouraging economic development in many
encouraging economic development in many
encouraging economic development in many emerging markets obviously building the
emerging markets obviously building the
emerging markets obviously building the web to facilitate access for the next
web to facilitate access for the next
web to facilitate access for the next billion users is something that’s
billion users is something that’s
billion users is something that’s inherently positive and something that
inherently positive and something that
inherently positive and something that we should be working towards now before
we should be working towards now before
we should be working towards now before we get on to this let’s go back to
we get on to this let’s go back to
we get on to this let’s go back to basics
basics
basics so when we’re on the mobile device here
so when we’re on the mobile device here
so when we’re on the mobile device here in Dubai a we connect to web sites at
in Dubai a we connect to web sites at
in Dubai a we connect to web sites at youtube.com our browser connects to a
youtube.com our browser connects to a
youtube.com our browser connects to a server all the way over here in North
server all the way over here in North
server all the way over here in North America
America
America now that therm returns of us
now that therm returns of us
now that therm returns of us specifically HTML now HTML is returned
specifically HTML now HTML is returned
specifically HTML now HTML is returned to the browser and the browser
to the browser and the browser
to the browser and the browser interprets this as a structure and
interprets this as a structure and
interprets this as a structure and layout of the website next the server
layout of the website next the server
layout of the website next the server goes over back here and it returns some
goes over back here and it returns some
goes over back here and it returns some CSS which is responsible for the styling
CSS which is responsible for the styling
CSS which is responsible for the styling and aesthetic of the website and finally
and aesthetic of the website and finally
and aesthetic of the website and finally the server returns some JavaScript a
the server returns some JavaScript a
the server returns some JavaScript a JavaScript is responsible for all the
JavaScript is responsible for all the
JavaScript is responsible for all the interactive elements such as video
interactive elements such as video
interactive elements such as video players login forms search box etc a
players login forms search box etc a
players login forms search box etc a JavaScript is noticeably larger in file
JavaScript is noticeably larger in file
JavaScript is noticeably larger in file size neither HTML or CSS because of all
size neither HTML or CSS because of all
size neither HTML or CSS because of all these interactive elements file size is
these interactive elements file size is
these interactive elements file size is gonna be critical on the web in the
gonna be critical on the web in the
gonna be critical on the web in the future so this is something we need to
future so this is something we need to
future so this is something we need to take a character so we just talked about
take a character so we just talked about
take a character so we just talked about accessing the Internet from a mobile
accessing the Internet from a mobile
accessing the Internet from a mobile device but in reality there are many
device but in reality there are many
device but in reality there are many forms of hardware which can achieve this
forms of hardware which can achieve this
forms of hardware which can achieve this from laptops to tablets to desktops and
from laptops to tablets to desktops and
from laptops to tablets to desktops and IOT
IOT
IOT but over the last year Mobile has become
but over the last year Mobile has become
but over the last year Mobile has become the single largest growing platform ever
the single largest growing platform ever
the single largest growing platform ever mobile is valued for its connectivity
mobile is valued for its connectivity
mobile is valued for its connectivity and the fact that we can keep it with us
and the fact that we can keep it with us
and the fact that we can keep it with us everywhere it is in fact so valued the
everywhere it is in fact so valued the
everywhere it is in fact so valued the people in Kenya will pay their mobile
people in Kenya will pay their mobile
people in Kenya will pay their mobile phone bill before their electricity due
phone bill before their electricity due
phone bill before their electricity due these people connectivity
these people connectivity
these people connectivity is more important than power to their
is more important than power to their
is more important than power to their homes hence if we were to anticipate the
homes hence if we were to anticipate the
homes hence if we were to anticipate the geographies of the next billion users
geographies of the next billion users
geographies of the next billion users given the popularity of mobile and
given the popularity of mobile and
given the popularity of mobile and America in developing markets we should
America in developing markets we should
America in developing markets we should look for areas of high mobile
look for areas of high mobile
look for areas of high mobile connectivity versus low existing
connectivity versus low existing
connectivity versus low existing Internet access and it so happens that
Internet access and it so happens that
Internet access and it so happens that the African continent matches these
the African continent matches these
the African continent matches these requirements almost exactly with well
requirements almost exactly with well
requirements almost exactly with well over average internet a mobile axis at
over average internet a mobile axis at
over average internet a mobile axis at 82 percent but well below average
82 percent but well below average
82 percent but well below average internet access at only 29 percent in
internet access at only 29 percent in
internet access at only 29 percent in summary there’s a gap between mobile and
summary there’s a gap between mobile and
summary there’s a gap between mobile and Internet usage in Africa about 52
Internet usage in Africa about 52
Internet usage in Africa about 52 percent and growth in users over the
percent and growth in users over the
percent and growth in users over the last year has been almost static a
biggie new users could have a massive
biggie new users could have a massive potential to change the face of the web
potential to change the face of the web
potential to change the face of the web but in order to achieve this we’ll have
but in order to achieve this we’ll have
but in order to achieve this we’ll have to understand why this discrepancy
to understand why this discrepancy
to understand why this discrepancy exists
exists
exists well mobile devices in Africa are
well mobile devices in Africa are
well mobile devices in Africa are proliferating everywhere only about 50%
proliferating everywhere only about 50%
proliferating everywhere only about 50% of them have 3/2 your edge capability
of them have 3/2 your edge capability
of them have 3/2 your edge capability capability to access the Internet while
capability to access the Internet while
capability to access the Internet while sis accounts for a large proportion of
sis accounts for a large proportion of
sis accounts for a large proportion of the lack of mobile a mobile internet
the lack of mobile a mobile internet
the lack of mobile a mobile internet usage in Africa we still can’t explain
usage in Africa we still can’t explain
usage in Africa we still can’t explain forever 135 million people who have
forever 135 million people who have
forever 135 million people who have mobile devices which are capable of
mobile devices which are capable of
mobile devices which are capable of accessing the Internet but don’t take
accessing the Internet but don’t take
accessing the Internet but don’t take out internet subscriptions so we might
out internet subscriptions so we might
out internet subscriptions so we might say well why is this well maybe the cost
say well why is this well maybe the cost
say well why is this well maybe the cost issue given that with no exceptions of
issue given that with no exceptions of
issue given that with no exceptions of South Africa in Nigeria Morocco and
South Africa in Nigeria Morocco and
South Africa in Nigeria Morocco and Kenya the average African dared to make
Kenya the average African dared to make
Kenya the average African dared to make nine point eight four dollars a day the
nine point eight four dollars a day the
nine point eight four dollars a day the equivalent of two cups of coffee and on
equivalent of two cups of coffee and on
equivalent of two cups of coffee and on top of this broadband access in Africa
top of this broadband access in Africa
top of this broadband access in Africa cost anywhere between three hundred and
cost anywhere between three hundred and
cost anywhere between three hundred and ten percent of the average income but if
ten percent of the average income but if
ten percent of the average income but if this was purely a cost issue then why
this was purely a cost issue then why
this was purely a cost issue then why would people living on less than $10 a
would people living on less than $10 a
would people living on less than $10 a day pay their mobile phone bill before
day pay their mobile phone bill before
day pay their mobile phone bill before electricity this seems absurd but the
electricity this seems absurd but the
electricity this seems absurd but the reality is that can
reality is that can
reality is that can it’s valued this graph behind me shows
it’s valued this graph behind me shows
it’s valued this graph behind me shows the Internet Development Index against
the Internet Development Index against
the Internet Development Index against GNI per capita for some of the world’s
GNI per capita for some of the world’s
GNI per capita for some of the world’s poorest countries circled in red here
poorest countries circled in red here
poorest countries circled in red here improving internet connectivity by one
improving internet connectivity by one
improving internet connectivity by one unit of this index could double the
unit of this index could double the
unit of this index could double the average income from ten to twenty
average income from ten to twenty
average income from ten to twenty dollars per day this would be a major
dollars per day this would be a major
dollars per day this would be a major boost for many African economies but is
boost for many African economies but is
boost for many African economies but is starkly the trouble would achieve this
starkly the trouble would achieve this
starkly the trouble would achieve this has been the lack of Luther structure
has been the lack of Luther structure
has been the lack of Luther structure and this has left many African countries
and this has left many African countries
and this has left many African countries dependent on expensive satellite
dependent on expensive satellite
dependent on expensive satellite broadband connections costing up to five
broadband connections costing up to five
broadband connections costing up to five times the average income recent
times the average income recent
times the average income recent developments and investment by
developments and investment by
developments and investment by governments has reduced the cost is
governments has reduced the cost is
governments has reduced the cost is quite significantly building new
quite significantly building new
quite significantly building new terrestrial and fiber-optic cables
terrestrial and fiber-optic cables
terrestrial and fiber-optic cables putting over five hundred twenty two
putting over five hundred twenty two
putting over five hundred twenty two million Africans within 50 kilometres of
million Africans within 50 kilometres of
million Africans within 50 kilometres of the nearest node however internet access
the nearest node however internet access
the nearest node however internet access as we said is still very expensive
as we said is still very expensive
as we said is still very expensive between three hundred and ten percent a
between three hundred and ten percent a
between three hundred and ten percent a due to the debt of investing in all of
due to the debt of investing in all of
due to the debt of investing in all of this infrastructure providers are
this infrastructure providers are
this infrastructure providers are limited in their ability for reduced
limited in their ability for reduced
limited in their ability for reduced prices creating very low subscriber
prices creating very low subscriber
prices creating very low subscriber numbers an extreme price elasticity of
numbers an extreme price elasticity of
numbers an extreme price elasticity of demand an anecdote to this it is cheaper
demand an anecdote to this it is cheaper
demand an anecdote to this it is cheaper to buy capacity on the fiber optic line
to buy capacity on the fiber optic line
to buy capacity on the fiber optic line from London to Lagos then from Lagos to
from London to Lagos then from Lagos to
from London to Lagos then from Lagos to the capital of Nigeria
the capital of Nigeria
the capital of Nigeria Buju due to the desert development and
Buju due to the desert development and
Buju due to the desert development and the relatively low volume of bandwidth
the relatively low volume of bandwidth
the relatively low volume of bandwidth now once the desert development may seem
now once the desert development may seem
now once the desert development may seem crippling to many countries in Africa
crippling to many countries in Africa
crippling to many countries in Africa it’s also part of the solution if we
it’s also part of the solution if we
it’s also part of the solution if we could have the far size of every website
could have the far size of every website
could have the far size of every website we could potentially have the cost of
we could potentially have the cost of
we could potentially have the cost of access in effect what we’re saying here
access in effect what we’re saying here
access in effect what we’re saying here is the half of the file size of every
is the half of the file size of every
is the half of the file size of every website is like laying new cables across
website is like laying new cables across
website is like laying new cables across the whole of Africa and quite shockingly
the whole of Africa and quite shockingly
the whole of Africa and quite shockingly most of the web optimization needed to
most of the web optimization needed to
most of the web optimization needed to do this can occur in less than a hundred
do this can occur in less than a hundred
do this can occur in less than a hundred lines of code and an hour’s work so
lines of code and an hour’s work so
lines of code and an hour’s work so wherever we talked about how our mobile
wherever we talked about how our mobile
wherever we talked about how our mobile device over here can connect to a server
device over here can connect to a server
device over here can connect to a server all the way over here in America
all the way over here in America
all the way over here in America and then the Sam Urick returned some
and then the Sam Urick returned some
and then the Sam Urick returned some documents namely HTML CSS and JavaScript
documents namely HTML CSS and JavaScript
documents namely HTML CSS and JavaScript which are moved back to our mobile
which are moved back to our mobile
which are moved back to our mobile device over here
device over here
device over here javascript is becoming an intrinsic part
javascript is becoming an intrinsic part
javascript is becoming an intrinsic part of websites today with complexity of
of websites today with complexity of
of websites today with complexity of websites increasing offering new
websites increasing offering new
websites increasing offering new services such as machine learning
services such as machine learning
services such as machine learning content recommendation engines and
content recommendation engines and
content recommendation engines and online communication with other with
online communication with other with
online communication with other with other users in fact the complexity of
other users in fact the complexity of
other users in fact the complexity of website today makes them more like web
website today makes them more like web
website today makes them more like web applications and websites but all of
applications and websites but all of
applications and websites but all of this comes with a cost of increasing the
this comes with a cost of increasing the
this comes with a cost of increasing the JavaScript bundle size quite
JavaScript bundle size quite
JavaScript bundle size quite significantly setting a minimum
significantly setting a minimum
significantly setting a minimum threshold of two to three max for the
threshold of two to three max for the
threshold of two to three max for the average website now in terms of the day
average website now in terms of the day
average website now in terms of the day with server farms of terabytes of data
with server farms of terabytes of data
with server farms of terabytes of data this may seem into pessimal but in
this may seem into pessimal but in
this may seem into pessimal but in reality on a 3G network this could take
reality on a 3G network this could take
reality on a 3G network this could take anywhere between 15 and 30 seconds to
anywhere between 15 and 30 seconds to
anywhere between 15 and 30 seconds to load and we haven’t accounted in this
load and we haven’t accounted in this
load and we haven’t accounted in this for all of the static assets such as
for all of the static assets such as
for all of the static assets such as videos false images and even the ads
videos false images and even the ads
videos false images and even the ads with this supporti optimized website to
with this supporti optimized website to
with this supporti optimized website to take well over 60 seconds to load and
take well over 60 seconds to load and
take well over 60 seconds to load and between 10 and 20 Meg’s of bandwidth
between 10 and 20 Meg’s of bandwidth
between 10 and 20 Meg’s of bandwidth whilst I may seem the only issue here
whilst I may seem the only issue here
whilst I may seem the only issue here for people living on $10 a day of fixed
for people living on $10 a day of fixed
for people living on $10 a day of fixed bandwidth packages every make up data
bandwidth packages every make up data
bandwidth packages every make up data costs money and this could lead to
costs money and this could lead to
costs money and this could lead to highly on affordable access to think
highly on affordable access to think
highly on affordable access to think that most of the website content here is
that most of the website content here is
that most of the website content here is actually static though that many of
actually static though that many of
actually static though that many of these corporate logos fonts videos HTML
these corporate logos fonts videos HTML
these corporate logos fonts videos HTML in the JavaScript most of that never
in the JavaScript most of that never
in the JavaScript most of that never changes ever to put this in perspective
changes ever to put this in perspective
changes ever to put this in perspective we are downloading the same content over
we are downloading the same content over
we are downloading the same content over and over and over and to think that the
and over and over and to think that the
and over and over and to think that the first time we visited this website we
first time we visited this website we
first time we visited this website we could have just stored this content in a
could have just stored this content in a
could have just stored this content in a local cache and that we wouldn’t
local cache and that we wouldn’t
local cache and that we wouldn’t actually need to go back to the server
actually need to go back to the server
actually need to go back to the server each time and redownload it again and
each time and redownload it again and
each time and redownload it again and this is where a new technology called
this is where a new technology called
this is where a new technology called the serviceworker steps in serviceworker
the serviceworker steps in serviceworker
the serviceworker steps in serviceworker is integrated into all major browsers
is integrated into all major browsers
is integrated into all major browsers and acts like a valve between
and acts like a valve between
and acts like a valve between your browser here on the network the
your browser here on the network the
your browser here on the network the internet if you have visited a website
internet if you have visited a website
internet if you have visited a website before service worker nurses and it
before service worker nurses and it
before service worker nurses and it checks assuming the website is service
checks assuming the website is service
checks assuming the website is service worker enabled in a local cache and
worker enabled in a local cache and
worker enabled in a local cache and finds that all of the staffing assets
finds that all of the staffing assets
finds that all of the staffing assets that we mentioned earlier HTML videos
that we mentioned earlier HTML videos
that we mentioned earlier HTML videos and eyelids etc are already on the
and eyelids etc are already on the
and eyelids etc are already on the mobile device this means we don’t need
mobile device this means we don’t need
mobile device this means we don’t need to download anything in fact we can have
to download anything in fact we can have
to download anything in fact we can have almost instant native app like loading
almost instant native app like loading
almost instant native app like loading with a web experience service worker can
with a web experience service worker can
with a web experience service worker can be implemented today
be implemented today
be implemented today platform-independent with your
platform-independent with your
platform-independent with your application your website is written with
application your website is written with
application your website is written with PHP Django node or any other popular web
PHP Django node or any other popular web
PHP Django node or any other popular web framework service worker can be
framework service worker can be
framework service worker can be implemented today in less than 100 lines
implemented today in less than 100 lines
implemented today in less than 100 lines of code a service worker has the
of code a service worker has the
of code a service worker has the capacity to have the file size of many
capacity to have the file size of many
capacity to have the file size of many websites and in the sense this is like
websites and in the sense this is like
websites and in the sense this is like laying you came across the whole of
laying you came across the whole of
laying you came across the whole of Africa and in doing this we potentially
Africa and in doing this we potentially
Africa and in doing this we potentially can half the file size and half the
can half the file size and half the
can half the file size and half the course of access to these networks
course of access to these networks
course of access to these networks bringing the internet to the next
bringing the internet to the next
bringing the internet to the next billion people quicker and cheaper given
billion people quicker and cheaper given
billion people quicker and cheaper given that for these people who are living on
that for these people who are living on
that for these people who are living on $10 a day half of the cost access can
$10 a day half of the cost access can
$10 a day half of the cost access can have a major impact of gni and hence
have a major impact of gni and hence
have a major impact of gni and hence bring forward a development of many
bring forward a development of many
bring forward a development of many African countries thanks for this
African countries thanks for this
African countries thanks for this [Applause]
”
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