Welcome everyone!
I would like to talk about art; about what art,
why art is for man and what man is.
Why do we read books, why we listen to music,
examine and try to understand painting, sculpture and architecture?
Believe that art is often very expensive.
For a good book, album with a copy of our favorite artist’s artwork,
or for a good museum and theater, it has to be pretty much outdone.
In addition, art is also time-consuming.
What gives us the art,
why we can spend money and time on it,
some to dedicate their lives to her?
So why do we need art?
To answer the question, let’s first look at how it came about.
For example, how did painting appear?
How, why and why did you make the first picture in the history of mankind?
Well, our Stone Age ancestor is sitting in his cave at the fire;
our ancestor is a very busy, pragmatic creature who has a lot to do.
He must eat, find food, catch and kill the booty,
digest it in a safe place and then start searching again.
To have the support of his old age must multiply,
she needs a female: she needs to get it and fertilize her,
then arrange for the young offspring.
You have to defend yourself, this requires a safe place,
you have to defend yourself from beasts
or hostile tribes.
Keep in mind that there are many things to do,
all of which are directly related to life and death.
If he does not do something, he simply dies.
And suddenly this is a busy, extremely pragmatic being
he goes to the wall of the cave and performs something completely practical:
draws the very first picture
in the history of mankind, say, a hunt.
Why do you do this?
It is meaningless; if we look directly from the point of view of profit.
The image can not be eaten, eaten, or interrupted.
Anyway, what is the meaning of painting a cave wall,
the image of humans and animals,
which can be seen in reality?
The situation is that the first artist here is not quite right
hunting, deer or hunters.
Thus he defined and expressed his world view,
and has designated its place in the world.
With this picture he said, “This is me, they are my companions,
this is my food, all of my world, and somewhere up there, surely my God. “
Man has in no way copied reality.
Art never copies reality.
Only by means of symbols it takes you to a flat surface
himself and the perception of the world.
So the art came out, and so it appeared most important,
but not a single function that lies in it,
to reveal ourselves and the world we live in,
to show the laws that exist and evolve in life
This is art.
Art is a means of reflection, that is, a means through which
we see our worldview and our nature reflected.
There is a good saying about this, Merab Mamardasvili, a Soviet philosopher.
He says, “When I paint something,
I do not paint what I see, I’m painting to see. “
This drawing had to be made to the precious man,
to catch the world in which he lives.
That is why we need art to make ourselves and our world,
we can see our worldview in a single, complete artistic form.
We can not only distinguish what art,
but also of what man is.
I quote an example from the pedagogical practice of Alexei Masevski.
Imagine sitting and eating bananas,
sits with a monkey beside them, eating bananas as well.
What distinguishes you?
That the monkey eats the banana and then goes and is looking for another.
You are eating and you may be in the middle of the next monologue:
“I eat bananas, why do I eat bananas?”
All right. But why do I eat? To live. “
And the third question they can ask themselves,
leads to the highest degree of philosophical generalization:
“Why do I live?”
The monkey probably does not ask this question. (Laughter)
So man is a reflexive being,
that is, a creature who tries to understand their own nature
own world in which he lives.
It is a human characteristic.
There are some important things that are related to this.
To reflect on people, you need tools,
one of the tools is familiar: this is art.
Other tools: science, religion, philosophy and culture as a whole.
But on the other hand, let’s draw some important conclusions.
It is the first and most important but not a single artistic function
the explanatory or the etiologic function.
Second: man is a reflexive being,
ie a creature whose questions are: “why?” and “for what purpose?”
Third: To make people different from animals,
we need some kind of surplus as our natural biological needs.
In order to exist at an organization level,
we do not usually have to read a book, we do not even have to write a book,
we do not have to picture or try to interpret it.
There is plenty to eat, drink, sleep, and multiply.
To be human, or at least to maintain the appearance,
there must be something above the elementary biology,
namely: the need for reflection that has been made by art, science,
philosophy and culture as a whole.
This makes us human: the need for reflection;
to think, to understand ourselves and the world, this is our human characteristic.
For this reason, as you know, our Earth has no people,
which would not have its own art or religion.
There is still something here that they need to know.
There are specific, specific moments that are related to art.
Art as well as science
and religion, not reflecting an absolute world model,
it does not reflect the absolute knowledge and attributes.
Art primarily reflects a concrete world model,
a concrete world view,
what the artist felt or attributed to reality.
To illustrate, let’s look at a cat example.
If a black cat passes by the road,
they themselves, as supposedly, were raised in Slavic culture,
this will be taken as a bad sign.
But if they were raised in an Anglo-Saxon culture,
it would be considered a good sign,
because the Anglo-Saxon black cat is good.
It’s especially good when you go to the Anglo-Saxons for a wedding. (Laughter)
Who is right in this position; who evaluates the cat that crosses the road correctly:
the Slavs or the Anglo-Saxons?
I think it’s just the cat that crosses the road. (Laughter)
He does not even know the subject of such a complex reflection.
In the Middle Ages, cats were considered to be the embodiment of Satan,
the creatures through which the evil reaches our world.
Today it sounds ridiculous, but if they lived in the Middle Ages,
if their consciousness had developed in that age and culture,
they would have been deprived of full Christian commitment
these “hateful” hairy beings, whom they consider so nice today.
If in the early days or in the Middle Ages there was a bottle of water in their hands,
then they would have been able to have it with their fullness,
they would worship and bring a human sacrifice to him.
If they were to learn from their little one that the sun was nothing but the fiery eyes of God,
because man’s consciousness is a gyula,
into which any world model can be implanted.
What is the relationship with art? Most straightforward.
The artist does not express the absolute essence of existence,
but what he understands from the world or what he attributes to the world.
The first artist did not depict the whole universe.
He depicted what he had learned from the world, what he recognized,
certain characteristics of the world.
They need something else to know about art.
The fact that animals exist in only one world:
in the objects of objects.
Man is present in at least two worlds: in the world of objects
and attributes attributed to the object: in the world of intellect.
A man with a split psyche who lives in two worlds.
The only problem is that the world of objects is practically unchanged.
But of course it is changing: the continents are shifting,
the oceans are dry, the mountains are falling
But our life is so short that we can not understand this.
The world of intelligence is very dynamic.
It is constantly changing, even in a single life,
and throughout the lifetime of a whole nation.
They may lie as atheists or wake up as believers or vice versa.
The world of reasoning is constantly changing.
To get acquainted with the world of objects,
they need a map.
To be informed in the world of intellect,
culture and art.
Because culture and art capture a particular world model,
a particular world concept,
and shows the evolutionary dynamics of a given model of existence.
That is why they are art historians, philologists, and culturologists
the history of culture and art is divided into different periods:
antiquity, medieval age, Renaissance, 17th c., enlightenment, 19, 20, 21st century.
In every age of art
– this is not just a conditional chronological period –
a certain world model, mindset, and perception of the world,
which was characteristic of the man of the given age.
As an illustration, I bring an example again, but it is not cats.
Arise what the antique statues look like.
Typically beautiful naked bodies.
Why are these bodies beautiful and naked?
The ancient Greeks did not divide man into body and soul.
The ancient Greeks had a concept called “physis”
which included the body and the soul.
That’s why these sculptures are so beautiful.
There is not only the flaw of the body, but also the size of the soul.
And now think of it as medieval painting.
On the medieval icons, the human body is depicted in a completely closed dress.
Sometimes, even under-dressing is not clear,
as did Andrej Rubljov’s Trinity. no picture.
But if a medieval artist portrays the body in some way,
there will be something disgusting, disgusting, ugly.
Because the medieval man did not live in this physical-spiritual unity,
for them the body and soul are separated.
For them, the body is just a filthy powder sleeve,
in which the immortal human essence resides there.
I am not deeply in art history, but I formulate my thoughts.
Art shows us our worldview,
not even our worldview,
but it shows that a certain person in a given age had to think of the world,
what he understood and knew about it.
But I will make an important statement.
For me, it seems to me that brilliant artists still manage to get in
the depths of consciousness that art, age and the world have shaped,
to reach the superhuman, the eternal sense,
and express it in letter, stone, paint, or voice.
One more thing.
Art is often attributed
called. educational or didactic function.
In fact, does art raise us?
It is possible that art evokes change in us,
make it worse or worse if we read silly books.
He may ask me the question, “It may be art
not only a means of cognition, not just a means of reflection,
but also a tool for improving human nature? “
It is very good that the question has been heard! (Laughter)
I’m happy to answer it. The answer is yes, no.
So art would automatically change us,
if they did not have our born or acquired properties.
But millions of factors determine it
our nature, our world view.
This DNA, the personal and collective subconscious,
the environment in which we live, the age in which we exist,
the information field that we choose or not choose.
It all determines us.
We are not as clean as the freshly fallen snow,
something in ours has been written.
This means reading books, reading pictures, and understanding art
With these factors, it is always very complicated to react.
Art works differently for everyone.
In addition, it is worth remembering that art is often
in a very complicated, whimsical language,
uses artistic images, metaphors, allegories,
which are addressed to many recipients as primitive and overly literal.
For example, figure out what the statue of David Michelangelo looks like.
You can see, it’s a beautiful naked man.
Is this statue teaching you something?
Do you make yourself better, or maybe you’ll spoil it?
This is all about your aesthetic and spiritual experience.
To understand this work, we need to know a few things.
First, let us remember that David – the biblical shepherd,
who defeated Goliath, the giant.
David had no chance of surviving that battle,
but not only survived, he also won.
Goliath is the personification of all forces,
which are stronger, larger and more powerful than humans.
This may be the Universe or god,
society or nature.
But we are David, the human being,
who knows his limitations, knows his almost complete destiny,
yet he struggles with the bigger and stronger, and ultimately defeats him.
Very important; that the brilliant Michelangelo did not portray David after the battle,
like Verrocchio or Donatello.
He depicted Dávid before the battle, ready to fight.
This is a very important step,
because we can see the courage and the beauty of self-confidence on the one hand.
On the other hand, when David is a man, he doubts.
Look at her face: not only is she firmly reflected on her,
not only power, but also very important human doubts.
This makes David so hot and alive,
so human, like us, just a little better.
Why did David’s Michelangelo portray him naked?
Because we can agree that this is the perfect muscle
the beauty of the human soul, the size of manhood.
On the other hand, his naked body also shows the fragility of human life,
the fragility of the human body as opposed to the supernatural forces.
But who has not been taught the meaning of the language of art,
who can not read or remember this biblical legend,
he sees only a naked bitch from the statue,
and you can make a seal in the background with your genitals,
or crying for a law that bans what he does not understand.
But nevertheless, with all reservations, art changes something in us,
or more precisely, he edits our world view.
They all read the Dead souls from Gogol or the War and Peace from Tolstoy.
That is why they are able to recognize themselves and others in reality
these moral, social, social, philosophical people,
whose form was written or made by Gogol or Tolstoy.
In themselves and in others they can recognize Pljuskin, Csicsikov, Nozdrjov.
In others they can see Natasa Rostova, Pierre Bezuhov.
In reality they can see the heroes of Remarque, they can see this hero on their own.
Because art has a specific effect:
he draws out some essential detail from the stream of reality,
to make it clear and understandable to us, the idea gives a humanistic form,
it names Natasa Rostova or Dorian Gray,
and designates it as a new frontier of world perception.
Then, throughout our lives, we see life, reality through a prism,
defined by the books and figures known.
My reflection: man is a special being,
which seeks to grasp and transform their own self.
Man is a creature that is vitally important,
it is imperative to understand its own nature, the world in which it lives.
That is why he created art and culture,
and then started to supplement and further develop it.
This is written by Nyilkolaj Gumiljov in his “Sixth Sense”:
“Good are lovers of love in us, Good is the bread that comes to us in the fire,
And the woman who is tortured, To make our torture far away.
But what should we do about the ice-drenched Egek with roses,
Where there is an oversea silence floating, What can we do with this immortal song?
You can not forgive, you can not hug it,
It stems from the moment elusive,
And you just wrap your hand, Do not touch it, just look at it while you’re out.
As a little boy, who spawned girls, and – forgetting their toys –
You are feeling unexpectedly mysterious desires, what you do not know about love;
As once the crowd-a huge number of Goliath, seeing his helplessness,
The slick creature barked, whose wings had been worn on his shoulder;
Our body, our soul screamed, the scalp of Nature and art cut,
Sir, how long should we wait more,
When is our sixth sense of the world coming? “
Thanks!
(Applause) (The verse translated by Baka István)
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