you live in an amazing and expanding universe but I’m sorry to say you are
universe but I’m sorry to say you are
universe but I’m sorry to say you are insignificant you are insignificant in
insignificant you are insignificant in
insignificant you are insignificant in terms of space our Sun is just one tiny
terms of space our Sun is just one tiny
terms of space our Sun is just one tiny star in our Milky Way galaxy that counts
star in our Milky Way galaxy that counts
star in our Milky Way galaxy that counts about 200 billion other stars and guess
about 200 billion other stars and guess
about 200 billion other stars and guess how many galaxies there are in the
how many galaxies there are in the
how many galaxies there are in the universe 170 billion you are all so
universe 170 billion you are all so
universe 170 billion you are all so insignificant in terms of time to
insignificant in terms of time to
insignificant in terms of time to illustrate the duration of the human
illustrate the duration of the human
illustrate the duration of the human species
species
species Callaghan invented the cosmic calendar
Callaghan invented the cosmic calendar
Callaghan invented the cosmic calendar it’s simply the 13.8 billion years of
it’s simply the 13.8 billion years of
it’s simply the 13.8 billion years of cosmic evolution that is compressed into
cosmic evolution that is compressed into
cosmic evolution that is compressed into one year so the Big Bang starts in
one year so the Big Bang starts in
one year so the Big Bang starts in January our Milky Way galaxy appears
January our Milky Way galaxy appears
January our Milky Way galaxy appears mid-march life appears at end of
mid-march life appears at end of
mid-march life appears at end of September and now I want you to guess in
September and now I want you to guess in
September and now I want you to guess in your head when do you think the last
your head when do you think the last
your head when do you think the last dinosaur died
in your head and and when do you think
in your head and and when do you think the human species appear the answer is
the human species appear the answer is
the human species appear the answer is December 30th for the dinosaur and
December 30th for the dinosaur and
December 30th for the dinosaur and December 31st
December 31st
December 31st at 10:30 p.m. for the human species
at 10:30 p.m. for the human species
at 10:30 p.m. for the human species and the history we learn at school which
and the history we learn at school which
and the history we learn at school which represents about 10,000 years represents
represents about 10,000 years represents
represents about 10,000 years represents only 20 seconds in this cosmic calendar
only 20 seconds in this cosmic calendar
only 20 seconds in this cosmic calendar so it’s time that we learn about our big
so it’s time that we learn about our big
so it’s time that we learn about our big history but we are also insignificant
history but we are also insignificant
history but we are also insignificant because we are all going to die and I
because we are all going to die and I
because we are all going to die and I mean not just us as human beings I mean
mean not just us as human beings I mean
mean not just us as human beings I mean that the Sun Also is going to exhaust
that the Sun Also is going to exhaust
that the Sun Also is going to exhaust its fuel and in about five billion years
its fuel and in about five billion years
its fuel and in about five billion years it will turn it to a red giant star and
it will turn it to a red giant star and
it will turn it to a red giant star and it will make the oceans boil so life
it will make the oceans boil so life
it will make the oceans boil so life would be wiped out you may think there
would be wiped out you may think there
would be wiped out you may think there is an easy solution we just build a
is an easy solution we just build a
is an easy solution we just build a spacecraft and we go to another star but
spacecraft and we go to another star but
spacecraft and we go to another star but this doesn’t work this only delays the
this doesn’t work this only delays the
this doesn’t work this only delays the problem because all stars in all
problem because all stars in all
problem because all stars in all galaxies will eventually exhaust exhaust
galaxies will eventually exhaust exhaust
galaxies will eventually exhaust exhaust their fuel and in the end the universe
their fuel and in the end the universe
their fuel and in the end the universe will run out of fuel and get cold and
will run out of fuel and get cold and
will run out of fuel and get cold and dark and is going to die
dark and is going to die
dark and is going to die yes the universe is going to die and
yes the universe is going to die and
yes the universe is going to die and this result is guaranteed by one of the
this result is guaranteed by one of the
this result is guaranteed by one of the most fundamental laws of physics which
most fundamental laws of physics which
most fundamental laws of physics which is a second law of thermodynamics it
is a second law of thermodynamics it
is a second law of thermodynamics it says that the total entropy can only
says that the total entropy can only
says that the total entropy can only increase the total entropy or disorder
so I don’t know how how you feel about
so I don’t know how how you feel about this picture but physicists generally
this picture but physicists generally
this picture but physicists generally conclude that life is just a meaningless
conclude that life is just a meaningless
conclude that life is just a meaningless accident in dying universe I wanted to
accident in dying universe I wanted to
accident in dying universe I wanted to to study astrophysics when I was in high
to study astrophysics when I was in high
to study astrophysics when I was in high school because I was so curious about
school because I was so curious about
school because I was so curious about the
the
the but I’m glad I didn’t
but I’m glad I didn’t
but I’m glad I didn’t and actually when when I was studying
and actually when when I was studying
and actually when when I was studying physics in high school I was asking my
physics in high school I was asking my
physics in high school I was asking my physics teacher difficult conceptual
physics teacher difficult conceptual
physics teacher difficult conceptual questions and and she was answering me
questions and and she was answering me
questions and and she was answering me but why don’t you just take the
but why don’t you just take the
but why don’t you just take the equations and solve the exercise so I’m
equations and solve the exercise so I’m
equations and solve the exercise so I’m glad I studied philosophy because the
glad I studied philosophy because the
glad I studied philosophy because the questions I’m most passionate about our
questions I’m most passionate about our
questions I’m most passionate about our foundational there are at the frontier
foundational there are at the frontier
foundational there are at the frontier of science and so I am interested in
of science and so I am interested in
of science and so I am interested in questions such as where are we going in
questions such as where are we going in
questions such as where are we going in the far future are we significant in the
the far future are we significant in the
the far future are we significant in the universe and today I want to show you
universe and today I want to show you
universe and today I want to show you that we are significant in the universe
that we are significant in the universe
that we are significant in the universe we need to look at the universe through
we need to look at the universe through
we need to look at the universe through the length of complexity and not only
the length of complexity and not only
the length of complexity and not only through the lenses of space-time and
through the lenses of space-time and
through the lenses of space-time and entropy indeed the universe is not only
entropy indeed the universe is not only
entropy indeed the universe is not only creating entropy and disorder it’s also
creating entropy and disorder it’s also
creating entropy and disorder it’s also creating life think about the evolution
creating life think about the evolution
creating life think about the evolution of life on Earth it has complexified
of life on Earth it has complexified
of life on Earth it has complexified from single cells to our amazing
from single cells to our amazing
from single cells to our amazing technological society today so to make
technological society today so to make
technological society today so to make it very simple the bad guy it’s entropy
it very simple the bad guy it’s entropy
it very simple the bad guy it’s entropy it’s a rise in disorder the good guy
it’s a rise in disorder the good guy
it’s a rise in disorder the good guy it’s life it’s increasing complexity who
it’s life it’s increasing complexity who
it’s life it’s increasing complexity who is going to win in the end this is a
is going to win in the end this is a
is going to win in the end this is a most fascinating question you can ask
most fascinating question you can ask
most fascinating question you can ask about the universe and this is where I
about the universe and this is where I
about the universe and this is where I want to take you today and we’ll start
want to take you today and we’ll start
want to take you today and we’ll start first with the past and then go to the
first with the past and then go to the
first with the past and then go to the future indeed we need to understand the
future indeed we need to understand the
future indeed we need to understand the past to be able to envision the future
past to be able to envision the future
past to be able to envision the future and we need to envision the future to
and we need to envision the future to
and we need to envision the future to find hope and significance in the
find hope and significance in the
find hope and significance in the universe so how does life fight against
universe so how does life fight against
universe so how does life fight against entropy it does so through revolutions
entropy it does so through revolutions
entropy it does so through revolutions in energy information and control what
in energy information and control what
in energy information and control what was the most significant revolution that
was the most significant revolution that
was the most significant revolution that happened four billion years ago
it’s the origin of life life first
it’s the origin of life life first invents metabolism which is the
invents metabolism which is the
invents metabolism which is the capability to extract energy from the
capability to extract energy from the
capability to extract energy from the environment and reject waste and
environment and reject waste and
environment and reject waste and disorder this is possible thanks to the
disorder this is possible thanks to the
disorder this is possible thanks to the most primitive informational structure
most primitive informational structure
most primitive informational structure which is the cell boundary that makes a
which is the cell boundary that makes a
which is the cell boundary that makes a difference between the inside and the
difference between the inside and the
difference between the inside and the outside and then the cell processes are
outside and then the cell processes are
outside and then the cell processes are gradually gradually controlled by RNA
gradually gradually controlled by RNA
gradually gradually controlled by RNA and DNA molecules okay we’ll go towards
and DNA molecules okay we’ll go towards
and DNA molecules okay we’ll go towards the future so we’ll go right to the next
the future so we’ll go right to the next
the future so we’ll go right to the next to the last second of the cosmic
to the last second of the cosmic
to the last second of the cosmic calendar what was the most significant
calendar what was the most significant
calendar what was the most significant even that happened 200 years ago it’s a
even that happened 200 years ago it’s a
even that happened 200 years ago it’s a first Industrial Revolution with the
first Industrial Revolution with the
first Industrial Revolution with the invention of the steam engine this goes
invention of the steam engine this goes
invention of the steam engine this goes with the invention of the printing press
with the invention of the printing press
with the invention of the printing press and we start to see new ways of control
and we start to see new ways of control
and we start to see new ways of control which are the nation states and also the
which are the nation states and also the
which are the nation states and also the market economy what was the most
market economy what was the most
market economy what was the most significant revolution that happened 100
significant revolution that happened 100
significant revolution that happened 100 years ago
years ago
years ago it’s a Second Industrial Revolution with
it’s a Second Industrial Revolution with
it’s a Second Industrial Revolution with the invention of electricity new means
the invention of electricity new means
the invention of electricity new means of communication such as a telephone
of communication such as a telephone
of communication such as a telephone radio or TV and the control starts to be
radio or TV and the control starts to be
radio or TV and the control starts to be by multinational corporations so where
by multinational corporations so where
by multinational corporations so where are we heading now I think we all feel
are we heading now I think we all feel
are we heading now I think we all feel that our world is changing but it’s very
that our world is changing but it’s very
that our world is changing but it’s very it’s very hard to predict the future
it’s very hard to predict the future
it’s very hard to predict the future also because we are involved the future
also because we are involved the future
also because we are involved the future will depend on what we choose to do but
will depend on what we choose to do but
will depend on what we choose to do but actually futurist Jim data said that we
actually futurist Jim data said that we
actually futurist Jim data said that we can predict the kind of images we build
can predict the kind of images we build
can predict the kind of images we build about the future the future and he says
about the future the future and he says
about the future the future and he says that there are four generic images about
that there are four generic images about
that there are four generic images about the future the first is simply growth
the future the first is simply growth
the future the first is simply growth well not worry things will just continue
well not worry things will just continue
well not worry things will just continue to grow and other eyes are they are
to grow and other eyes are they are
to grow and other eyes are they are growing now the second is collapse we
growing now the second is collapse we
growing now the second is collapse we don’t have enough resources oh you know
don’t have enough resources oh you know
don’t have enough resources oh you know our earth is is going to collapse
our earth is is going to collapse
our earth is is going to collapse our civilization is doomed the third is
our civilization is doomed the third is
our civilization is doomed the third is discipline well we don’t have infinite
discipline well we don’t have infinite
discipline well we don’t have infinite resources but we can avoid collapse if
resources but we can avoid collapse if
resources but we can avoid collapse if we manage to build a sustainable society
we manage to build a sustainable society
we manage to build a sustainable society if we manage our resources better and
if we manage our resources better and
if we manage our resources better and the force is transformation well look at
the force is transformation well look at
the force is transformation well look at technology and the internet or world it
technology and the internet or world it
technology and the internet or world it is changing radically we are heading
is changing radically we are heading
is changing radically we are heading toward a singularity
my own working hypothesis is towards
my own working hypothesis is towards transformation scenarios why because we
transformation scenarios why because we
transformation scenarios why because we have seen so many revolutionary
have seen so many revolutionary
have seen so many revolutionary transformations in cosmic evolution that
transformations in cosmic evolution that
transformations in cosmic evolution that I can’t see why it it should stop now so
I can’t see why it it should stop now so
I can’t see why it it should stop now so what is the transformation we are at now
what is the transformation we are at now
what is the transformation we are at now it’s the global brain civilization it’s
it’s the global brain civilization it’s
it’s the global brain civilization it’s the idea that humans and machines are
the idea that humans and machines are
the idea that humans and machines are currently merging to form a new level of
currently merging to form a new level of
currently merging to form a new level of intelligence and complexity at a
intelligence and complexity at a
intelligence and complexity at a planetary scale the information that
planetary scale the information that
planetary scale the information that leads the information revolution that
leads the information revolution that
leads the information revolution that leads this transition is clearly the
leads this transition is clearly the
leads this transition is clearly the Internet I think it’s clear it as
Internet I think it’s clear it as
Internet I think it’s clear it as Chandra our way of communication team
Chandra our way of communication team
Chandra our way of communication team the future of energy is solar because it
the future of energy is solar because it
the future of energy is solar because it has much more potential than any other
has much more potential than any other
has much more potential than any other alternative and the control starts to be
alternative and the control starts to be
alternative and the control starts to be a planetary think of about GPS
a planetary think of about GPS
a planetary think of about GPS technologies for example and it starts
technologies for example and it starts
technologies for example and it starts also to be decentralized and distributed
also to be decentralized and distributed
also to be decentralized and distributed for example no single person can switch
for example no single person can switch
for example no single person can switch off the internet not even Donald Trump
off the internet not even Donald Trump
off the internet not even Donald Trump in a mood swing so let’s keep the cosmic
in a mood swing so let’s keep the cosmic
in a mood swing so let’s keep the cosmic perspective is the global brain the end
perspective is the global brain the end
perspective is the global brain the end of cosmic evolution of course not it’s
of cosmic evolution of course not it’s
of cosmic evolution of course not it’s likely to be just one transition but as
likely to be just one transition but as
likely to be just one transition but as we go into the deeper and deeper future
we go into the deeper and deeper future
we go into the deeper and deeper future its becomes harder to imagine what could
its becomes harder to imagine what could
its becomes harder to imagine what could come next but one source of inspiration
come next but one source of inspiration
come next but one source of inspiration fiction and if you’ve seen Star Wars 7
fiction and if you’ve seen Star Wars 7
fiction and if you’ve seen Star Wars 7 there is a new weapon that is introduced
there is a new weapon that is introduced
there is a new weapon that is introduced which is called a star killer base where
which is called a star killer base where
which is called a star killer base where basically there is a planet that sucks
basically there is a planet that sucks
basically there is a planet that sucks in energy from a star and this is
in energy from a star and this is
in energy from a star and this is clearly inspired by known binary star
clearly inspired by known binary star
clearly inspired by known binary star systems in all galaxies that look like
systems in all galaxies that look like
systems in all galaxies that look like that where a dense body 16 energy and
that where a dense body 16 energy and
that where a dense body 16 energy and there are therefore called sometimes
there are therefore called sometimes
there are therefore called sometimes vampire stars or they have deadly spider
vampire stars or they have deadly spider
vampire stars or they have deadly spider names such as red backs or black widows
names such as red backs or black widows
names such as red backs or black widows however when I first saw this is these
however when I first saw this is these
however when I first saw this is these systems I thought well this looks like a
systems I thought well this looks like a
systems I thought well this looks like a metabolism
metabolism
metabolism there is ingestion of energy and
there is ingestion of energy and
there is ingestion of energy and production of entropy with the Jets that
production of entropy with the Jets that
production of entropy with the Jets that you see here so since 2011 I’ve
you see here so since 2011 I’ve
you see here so since 2011 I’ve developed this idea and I’m trying to
developed this idea and I’m trying to
developed this idea and I’m trying to test it but otherwise taking it more and
test it but otherwise taking it more and
test it but otherwise taking it more and more seriously I felt depressed indeed
more seriously I felt depressed indeed
more seriously I felt depressed indeed what what is the meaning of everything
what what is the meaning of everything
what what is the meaning of everything we do on earth in comparison to other
we do on earth in comparison to other
we do on earth in comparison to other civilizations that are literally eating
civilizations that are literally eating
civilizations that are literally eating stars how ridiculous how we compare to
stars how ridiculous how we compare to
stars how ridiculous how we compare to them but still in the in case it would
them but still in the in case it would
them but still in the in case it would be correct I wanted to give a positive
be correct I wanted to give a positive
be correct I wanted to give a positive image beyond vampires and killing
image beyond vampires and killing
image beyond vampires and killing spiders so I settled for the word for
spiders so I settled for the word for
spiders so I settled for the word for the word Stella Valle which is the Latin
the word Stella Valle which is the Latin
the word Stella Valle which is the Latin for star eater
for star eater
for star eater and I chose a hummingbird as an image
and I chose a hummingbird as an image
and I chose a hummingbird as an image which is the world with the highest
which is the world with the highest
which is the world with the highest metabolic rate on earth so to summarize
metabolic rate on earth so to summarize
metabolic rate on earth so to summarize as telev our would be able to use energy
as telev our would be able to use energy
as telev our would be able to use energy from a star actively its information
from a star actively its information
from a star actively its information processes is totally unknown its control
processes is totally unknown its control
processes is totally unknown its control is likely to be a purse our position
is likely to be a purse our position
is likely to be a purse our position positioning system that we know exists
positioning system that we know exists
positioning system that we know exists in our galaxy and that works pretty much
in our galaxy and that works pretty much
in our galaxy and that works pretty much like GPS but on a galactic scale
okay but our core problem is still
okay but our core problem is still unfinished the universe is still going
unfinished the universe is still going
unfinished the universe is still going to die
to die
to die what could a super advanced civilization
what could a super advanced civilization
what could a super advanced civilization do about it well let’s get inspiration
do about it well let’s get inspiration
do about it well let’s get inspiration from biology all organisms die but
from biology all organisms die but
from biology all organisms die but before they die
before they die
before they die they also reproduce so a truly advanced
they also reproduce so a truly advanced
they also reproduce so a truly advanced civilization would start to care about
civilization would start to care about
civilization would start to care about the death of the of the universe and
the death of the of the universe and
the death of the of the universe and make a new universe to do this it would
make a new universe to do this it would
make a new universe to do this it would need enough energy to trigger a Big Bang
need enough energy to trigger a Big Bang
need enough energy to trigger a Big Bang 2.0 it would need a blueprint of a new
2.0 it would need a blueprint of a new
2.0 it would need a blueprint of a new universe and it would be controlled by
universe and it would be controlled by
universe and it would be controlled by the very advanced civilization okay
the very advanced civilization okay
the very advanced civilization okay let’s wrap up
let’s wrap up
let’s wrap up we’ve seen how life fights against
we’ve seen how life fights against
we’ve seen how life fights against entropy through revolutions in energy
entropy through revolutions in energy
entropy through revolutions in energy information and control we’ve seen 3
information and control we’ve seen 3
information and control we’ve seen 3 transformation scenarios for the far
transformation scenarios for the far
transformation scenarios for the far future the global brain civilization
future the global brain civilization
future the global brain civilization which is the merging of humans and
which is the merging of humans and
which is the merging of humans and machines on a planetary scale the study
machines on a planetary scale the study
machines on a planetary scale the study of all civilizations that are able to
of all civilizations that are able to
of all civilizations that are able to each stars and the universe making
each stars and the universe making
each stars and the universe making civilizations that care about the
civilizations that care about the
civilizations that care about the greatest problem of all which is the
greatest problem of all which is the
greatest problem of all which is the death of our universe to conclude I want
death of our universe to conclude I want
death of our universe to conclude I want to say that we are significant if we
to say that we are significant if we
to say that we are significant if we look at the universe through the lens of
look at the universe through the lens of
look at the universe through the lens of complexity and not only through
complexity and not only through
complexity and not only through space-time and entropy we are
space-time and entropy we are
space-time and entropy we are significant even more so if we are alone
significant even more so if we are alone
significant even more so if we are alone in the universe because that would mean
in the universe because that would mean
in the universe because that would mean that the complexity we have here is very
that the complexity we have here is very
that the complexity we have here is very rare and precious and that we need to
rare and precious and that we need to
rare and precious and that we need to take great care of it
take great care of it
take great care of it we are significant because we are alive
we are significant because we are alive
we are significant because we are alive and as such we are creators of order and
and as such we are creators of order and
and as such we are creators of order and fighters of disorder our mission in the
fighters of disorder our mission in the
fighters of disorder our mission in the universe is to continue the growth of
universe is to continue the growth of
universe is to continue the growth of complexity
complexity
complexity we are significant because informed by
we are significant because informed by
we are significant because informed by our big history we can create a big
our big history we can create a big
our big history we can create a big future thank you
future thank you
future thank you [Applause]
”
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