Accepting Human Diversity | Hoi Ching Leung | TEDxYouth@STC

hi everyone so as Angela said I’m

hi everyone so as Angela said I’m watching lung and if you don’t know me I

watching lung and if you don’t know me I

watching lung and if you don’t know me I am from chaton College this school and

am from chaton College this school and

am from chaton College this school and the thing that I want to talk about

the thing that I want to talk about

the thing that I want to talk about today is something that has really been

today is something that has really been

today is something that has really been pressing on my mind lately it’s really

pressing on my mind lately it’s really

pressing on my mind lately it’s really been a prominent concern for me and

been a prominent concern for me and

been a prominent concern for me and hopefully you in this day and age and

hopefully you in this day and age and

hopefully you in this day and age and I’m sure that once I mentioned the topic

I’m sure that once I mentioned the topic

I’m sure that once I mentioned the topic your little brains will all light up

your little brains will all light up

your little brains will all light up with your own individual opinions so

with your own individual opinions so

with your own individual opinions so what I wanted to talk about today was

what I wanted to talk about today was

what I wanted to talk about today was the fear of or harsh rejection of

the fear of or harsh rejection of

the fear of or harsh rejection of different minorities and social

different minorities and social

different minorities and social communities in our society and how we

communities in our society and how we

communities in our society and how we could accept and tolerate them in the

could accept and tolerate them in the

could accept and tolerate them in the future

future

future so after this talk I hope that we could

so after this talk I hope that we could

so after this talk I hope that we could stride into the future stocked up with a

stride into the future stocked up with a

stride into the future stocked up with a real sense of unification and tolerance

real sense of unification and tolerance

real sense of unification and tolerance so I’m not sure if it’s just me getting

so I’m not sure if it’s just me getting

so I’m not sure if it’s just me getting older and older and wiser and wiser and

older and older and wiser and wiser and

older and older and wiser and wiser and realizing how discrimination can come

realizing how discrimination can come

realizing how discrimination can come into play in society or is it the fact

into play in society or is it the fact

into play in society or is it the fact that it’s actually getting more

that it’s actually getting more

that it’s actually getting more prominent in our modern society this I

prominent in our modern society this I

prominent in our modern society this I don’t know but I assume that it may be

don’t know but I assume that it may be

don’t know but I assume that it may be getting more prominent due to recent

getting more prominent due to recent

getting more prominent due to recent events um I’m sure that you guys have

events um I’m sure that you guys have

events um I’m sure that you guys have all realized that the last presidential

all realized that the last presidential

all realized that the last presidential u.s. u.s. presidential campaign has been

u.s. u.s. presidential campaign has been

u.s. u.s. presidential campaign has been a heck of a roller coaster for not only

a heck of a roller coaster for not only

a heck of a roller coaster for not only people in the United States but also

people in the United States but also

people in the United States but also spectators watching in other countries

spectators watching in other countries

spectators watching in other countries so I’m sure you’ve all heard that in his

so I’m sure you’ve all heard that in his

so I’m sure you’ve all heard that in his early days of being in office he has he

early days of being in office he has he

early days of being in office he has he one of his first moves was to ban people

one of his first moves was to ban people

one of his first moves was to ban people coming into the u.s. from a

coming into the u.s. from a

coming into the u.s. from a predominantly Muslim countries so this

predominantly Muslim countries so this

predominantly Muslim countries so this not only caused problems in airport or

not only caused problems in airport or

not only caused problems in airport or immigration or rights but also to me it

immigration or rights but also to me it

immigration or rights but also to me it really demonstrated that deep rooted

really demonstrated that deep rooted

really demonstrated that deep rooted problem that not only Trump but the

problem that not only Trump but the

problem that not only Trump but the capability in all of us to have a sense

capability in all of us to have a sense

capability in all of us to have a sense of prejudice

of prejudice

of prejudice so um up here on the screen you can see

so um up here on the screen you can see

so um up here on the screen you can see um trump travel ban court questions if

um trump travel ban court questions if

um trump travel ban court questions if it is anti-muslim so that was what I was

it is anti-muslim so that was what I was

it is anti-muslim so that was what I was talking about before but I don’t think

talking about before but I don’t think

talking about before but I don’t think that trumps um discrimination or a sense

that trumps um discrimination or a sense

that trumps um discrimination or a sense of that us-versus-them mentality is

of that us-versus-them mentality is

of that us-versus-them mentality is isolated to the Islamic community alone

isolated to the Islamic community alone

isolated to the Islamic community alone I think that it’s also prominent with

I think that it’s also prominent with

I think that it’s also prominent with his views towards other communities as

his views towards other communities as

his views towards other communities as you can see through these other articles

you can see through these other articles

you can see through these other articles so here it says report Trump preparing

so here it says report Trump preparing

so here it says report Trump preparing to license to discriminate order and the

to license to discriminate order and the

to license to discriminate order and the third one says draft order exposes

third one says draft order exposes

third one says draft order exposes Trump’s plan to license anti-lgbt

Trump’s plan to license anti-lgbt

Trump’s plan to license anti-lgbt discrimination so to me this really

discrimination so to me this really

discrimination so to me this really shows how we all have the capability to

shows how we all have the capability to

shows how we all have the capability to be prejudiced and to discriminate and

be prejudiced and to discriminate and

be prejudiced and to discriminate and what I wanted to focus on today was how

what I wanted to focus on today was how

what I wanted to focus on today was how we could use these certain psychological

we could use these certain psychological

we could use these certain psychological theories to really manipulate that and

theories to really manipulate that and

theories to really manipulate that and see how we can hear our minds towards a

see how we can hear our minds towards a

see how we can hear our minds towards a more accepting attitude so in this

more accepting attitude so in this

more accepting attitude so in this picture I would like you to raise your

picture I would like you to raise your

picture I would like you to raise your hand the minute you notice that

hand the minute you notice that

hand the minute you notice that something is different

all right that’s pretty quick and can

all right that’s pretty quick and can you do it again for this slide

all right faster than I expected but

all right faster than I expected but what I wanted to demonstrate through

what I wanted to demonstrate through

what I wanted to demonstrate through this quick activity was the fact that

this quick activity was the fact that

this quick activity was the fact that because an object is different in color

because an object is different in color

because an object is different in color or shape or size you your eyes will

or shape or size you your eyes will

or shape or size you your eyes will immediately gravitate towards that

immediately gravitate towards that

immediately gravitate towards that position because it really grabs your

position because it really grabs your

position because it really grabs your attention so that’s what I wanted to

attention so that’s what I wanted to

attention so that’s what I wanted to show through this and now I want to do

show through this and now I want to do

show through this and now I want to do an activity for you guys we’re on the

an activity for you guys we’re on the

an activity for you guys we’re on the next slide that flashes up on the screen

next slide that flashes up on the screen

next slide that flashes up on the screen I would like you to just follow the

I would like you to just follow the

I would like you to just follow the instructions

all right yeah you guys did that really

all right yeah you guys did that really well that was actually also faster than

well that was actually also faster than

well that was actually also faster than I expected but basically when I wanted

I expected but basically when I wanted

I expected but basically when I wanted to demonstrate through that is how we

to demonstrate through that is how we

to demonstrate through that is how we could fall into certain patterns of

could fall into certain patterns of

could fall into certain patterns of thinking whether or not it is from a

thinking whether or not it is from a

thinking whether or not it is from a position of authority or not so for

position of authority or not so for

position of authority or not so for example this could be a position of

example this could be a position of

example this could be a position of authority telling you to do something or

authority telling you to do something or

authority telling you to do something or it could be a certain trend of thinking

it could be a certain trend of thinking

it could be a certain trend of thinking that’s brewing from society itself and

that’s brewing from society itself and

that’s brewing from society itself and maybe it can come out of that but

maybe it can come out of that but

maybe it can come out of that but regardless of where it comes from I just

regardless of where it comes from I just

regardless of where it comes from I just wanted to show how people could conform

wanted to show how people could conform

wanted to show how people could conform to just what other people around them

to just what other people around them

to just what other people around them were doing so this could result in on

were doing so this could result in on

were doing so this could result in on certain paradigm shifts or trends in

certain paradigm shifts or trends in

certain paradigm shifts or trends in thinking which could also contribute to

thinking which could also contribute to

thinking which could also contribute to how we discriminate against other people

how we discriminate against other people

how we discriminate against other people so the psychological theory that one of

so the psychological theory that one of

so the psychological theory that one of them that I would like to focus on today

them that I would like to focus on today

them that I would like to focus on today are the gestalt laws and basically these

are the gestalt laws and basically these

are the gestalt laws and basically these are a set of rules a set of perceptual

are a set of rules a set of perceptual

are a set of rules a set of perceptual rules that help us categorize our visual

rules that help us categorize our visual

rules that help us categorize our visual stimuli so when you look around it’s

stimuli so when you look around it’s

stimuli so when you look around it’s very chaotic there are all kinds of

very chaotic there are all kinds of

very chaotic there are all kinds of shapes and colors and sizes all around

shapes and colors and sizes all around

shapes and colors and sizes all around you and these rules are what our brain

you and these rules are what our brain

you and these rules are what our brain uses to be able to tell objects apart

uses to be able to tell objects apart

uses to be able to tell objects apart and turn chaos into order so that is

and turn chaos into order so that is

and turn chaos into order so that is what I wanted to focus on and I will use

what I wanted to focus on and I will use

what I wanted to focus on and I will use these rules to try and show how we

these rules to try and show how we

these rules to try and show how we categorize humans instead of

categorize humans instead of

categorize humans instead of categorizing visual shapes so the first

categorizing visual shapes so the first

categorizing visual shapes so the first rule that I would like to take a look at

rule that I would like to take a look at

rule that I would like to take a look at is continuity and here you see a series

is continuity and here you see a series

is continuity and here you see a series of dots right but you may also see two

of dots right but you may also see two

of dots right but you may also see two lines this is because we want certain

lines this is because we want certain

lines this is because we want certain shapes and patterns to be in a

shapes and patterns to be in a

shapes and patterns to be in a predictable pattern because we feel that

predictable pattern because we feel that

predictable pattern because we feel that there is an order and there is no chaos

there is an order and there is no chaos

there is an order and there is no chaos and there’s no diversity you know what I

and there’s no diversity you know what I

and there’s no diversity you know what I mean

mean

mean so that is the law of continuity the

so that is the law of continuity the

so that is the law of continuity the next law is the law of proximity and

next law is the law of proximity and

next law is the law of proximity and this is where in figure a you may see a

this is where in figure a you may see a

this is where in figure a you may see a square but in Figure B you might see a

square but in Figure B you might see a

square but in Figure B you might see a series of columns yeah so again it’s

series of columns yeah so again it’s

series of columns yeah so again it’s just a series of dots but because in

just a series of dots but because in

just a series of dots but because in column in figure B some of the dots are

column in figure B some of the dots are

column in figure B some of the dots are closer to each other we tend to

closer to each other we tend to

closer to each other we tend to associate those things together when

associate those things together when

associate those things together when they’re close to each other

they’re close to each other

they’re close to each other so this is how we can start to

so this is how we can start to

so this is how we can start to categorize things and again make sense

categorize things and again make sense

categorize things and again make sense of the chaos so the next rule is the

of the chaos so the next rule is the

of the chaos so the next rule is the rule of closure and um here is where we

rule of closure and um here is where we

rule of closure and um here is where we seem to see a shape but it’s not really

seem to see a shape but it’s not really

seem to see a shape but it’s not really there because for example with the

there because for example with the

there because for example with the figure over here you may see a triangle

figure over here you may see a triangle

figure over here you may see a triangle but in reality there is no triangle um

but in reality there is no triangle um

but in reality there is no triangle um instead there is a series of pac-man

instead there is a series of pac-man

instead there is a series of pac-man looking things and on this side you see

looking things and on this side you see

looking things and on this side you see a panda which is the WWF logo but there

a panda which is the WWF logo but there

a panda which is the WWF logo but there is no Panda this is because our brain

is no Panda this is because our brain

is no Panda this is because our brain likes to fill in the gaps so that we can

likes to fill in the gaps so that we can

likes to fill in the gaps so that we can make sense of it so that we can

make sense of it so that we can

make sense of it so that we can understand it and so that the chaos is

understand it and so that the chaos is

understand it and so that the chaos is no longer there so this is how we can

no longer there so this is how we can

no longer there so this is how we can try and fill in the gaps and how our

try and fill in the gaps and how our

try and fill in the gaps and how our brain manipulates our visual stimuli to

brain manipulates our visual stimuli to

brain manipulates our visual stimuli to make it make sense

make it make sense

make it make sense all right so the next one is similarity

all right so the next one is similarity

all right so the next one is similarity and this is where things that have

and this is where things that have

and this is where things that have similar characteristics we tend to group

similar characteristics we tend to group

similar characteristics we tend to group together and assume that they are

together and assume that they are

together and assume that they are associated with each other so here again

associated with each other so here again

associated with each other so here again is just a series of dots and squares but

is just a series of dots and squares but

is just a series of dots and squares but you might also perceive vertical lines

you might also perceive vertical lines

you might also perceive vertical lines going downwards this is because um those

going downwards this is because um those

going downwards this is because um those vertical lines are those circles which

vertical lines are those circles which

vertical lines are those circles which are which look the same as each other

are which look the same as each other

are which look the same as each other and the squares that look the same as

and the squares that look the same as

and the squares that look the same as each other

each other

each other and the last rule is figure-ground now

and the last rule is figure-ground now

and the last rule is figure-ground now this is a very famous optical illusion

this is a very famous optical illusion

this is a very famous optical illusion I’m sure you’ve all seen it before but

I’m sure you’ve all seen it before but

I’m sure you’ve all seen it before but the reason why it works is because we

the reason why it works is because we

the reason why it works is because we cannot tell what is the figure and what

cannot tell what is the figure and what

cannot tell what is the figure and what is the ground so the figure is usually

is the ground so the figure is usually

is the ground so the figure is usually smaller and more symmetrical and more

smaller and more symmetrical and more

smaller and more symmetrical and more complex than the ground and the ground

complex than the ground and the ground

complex than the ground and the ground would be bigger and less complex and

would be bigger and less complex and

would be bigger and less complex and less symmetrical than the figure so this

less symmetrical than the figure so this

less symmetrical than the figure so this is how we can perceive depth for example

is how we can perceive depth for example

is how we can perceive depth for example I can tell my hand is apart from you

I can tell my hand is apart from you

I can tell my hand is apart from you guys in the audience I can tell that a

guys in the audience I can tell that a

guys in the audience I can tell that a flower is different from a hill and this

flower is different from a hill and this

flower is different from a hill and this is how we can tell what we’re supposed

is how we can tell what we’re supposed

is how we can tell what we’re supposed to be focusing on and what our attention

to be focusing on and what our attention

to be focusing on and what our attention immediately draws to

immediately draws to

immediately draws to so another theory that I would like to

so another theory that I would like to

so another theory that I would like to link in with this another psychological

link in with this another psychological

link in with this another psychological theory is the social identity theory

theory is the social identity theory

theory is the social identity theory this is where um we have a sense of

this is where um we have a sense of

this is where um we have a sense of identity by having group memberships

identity by having group memberships

identity by having group memberships what I mean by group memberships is the

what I mean by group memberships is the

what I mean by group memberships is the fact that I may be a student and I’m a

fact that I may be a student and I’m a

fact that I may be a student and I’m a member of the school I may be a member

member of the school I may be a member

member of the school I may be a member of my family as a daughter and I may be

of my family as a daughter and I may be

of my family as a daughter and I may be a member of my friendship group as a

a member of my friendship group as a

a member of my friendship group as a friend so as you can see I start to form

friend so as you can see I start to form

friend so as you can see I start to form different identities it’s as if there

different identities it’s as if there

different identities it’s as if there are three different voicings because I

are three different voicings because I

are three different voicings because I act differently I talk differently I

act differently I talk differently I

act differently I talk differently I dress differently in all of these three

dress differently in all of these three

dress differently in all of these three categories so you start to form

categories so you start to form

categories so you start to form different identities so because we’ve

different identities so because we’ve

different identities so because we’ve got on the sense of identity which is

got on the sense of identity which is

got on the sense of identity which is dictated by our group memberships we

dictated by our group memberships we

dictated by our group memberships we start to form this thing called

start to form this thing called

start to form this thing called in-groups and out-groups and an in-group

in-groups and out-groups and an in-group

in-groups and out-groups and an in-group is basically your own group and an out

is basically your own group and an out

is basically your own group and an out group is whoever’s outside so here we

group is whoever’s outside so here we

group is whoever’s outside so here we start to draw the line around ourselves

start to draw the line around ourselves

start to draw the line around ourselves saying you are different from me you

saying you are different from me you

saying you are different from me you don’t belong to my group and this is

don’t belong to my group and this is

don’t belong to my group and this is what protects our sense of self-esteem

what protects our sense of self-esteem

what protects our sense of self-esteem so that we feel a sense of belonging to

so that we feel a sense of belonging to

so that we feel a sense of belonging to a certain group so as you can see this

a certain group so as you can see this

a certain group so as you can see this kind of develops that us-versus-them

kind of develops that us-versus-them

kind of develops that us-versus-them mentality that can start to lead to

mentality that can start to lead to

mentality that can start to lead to prejudice and separation

prejudice and separation

prejudice and separation so as you can see there are a couple

so as you can see there are a couple

so as you can see there are a couple names up on the board and I don’t know

names up on the board and I don’t know

names up on the board and I don’t know if you know these people are not most of

if you know these people are not most of

if you know these people are not most of them have been to shot in college and

them have been to shot in college and

them have been to shot in college and these are people who I would consider my

these are people who I would consider my

these are people who I would consider my close friends now recently um I’ve begun

close friends now recently um I’ve begun

close friends now recently um I’ve begun to realize a very very strange

to realize a very very strange

to realize a very very strange phenomenon in my life and I’m not sure

phenomenon in my life and I’m not sure

phenomenon in my life and I’m not sure if it’s supposed to worry me or if it’s

if it’s supposed to worry me or if it’s

if it’s supposed to worry me or if it’s just quite interesting so they all have

just quite interesting so they all have

just quite interesting so they all have a common characteristic that I realized

a common characteristic that I realized

a common characteristic that I realized and here it is so if you don’t know our

and here it is so if you don’t know our

and here it is so if you don’t know our school is split into four houses and we

school is split into four houses and we

school is split into four houses and we use these four houses to kind of compete

use these four houses to kind of compete

use these four houses to kind of compete against each other and to try and get

against each other and to try and get

against each other and to try and get house points again house cup at the end

house points again house cup at the end

house points again house cup at the end and so I found out that all my close

and so I found out that all my close

and so I found out that all my close friends are in my house Griffin which

friends are in my house Griffin which

friends are in my house Griffin which was quite strange to me and I began to

was quite strange to me and I began to

was quite strange to me and I began to realize is this due to convenience the

realize is this due to convenience the

realize is this due to convenience the fact that oh they’re just in my class or

fact that oh they’re just in my class or

fact that oh they’re just in my class or we go to the same activities but on the

we go to the same activities but on the

we go to the same activities but on the other hand some people haven’t been at

other hand some people haven’t been at

other hand some people haven’t been at shot in college for a number of years

shot in college for a number of years

shot in college for a number of years and so that was strange to me too so I

and so that was strange to me too so I

and so that was strange to me too so I wanted to try and see whether this was

wanted to try and see whether this was

wanted to try and see whether this was due to convenience or was it due to

due to convenience or was it due to

due to convenience or was it due to something else maybe something else

something else maybe something else

something else maybe something else within me that I didn’t know about so I

within me that I didn’t know about so I

within me that I didn’t know about so I wanted to blow this up onto a much

wanted to blow this up onto a much

wanted to blow this up onto a much larger scale that’s probably more

larger scale that’s probably more

larger scale that’s probably more applicable to Hong Kong and you guys

applicable to Hong Kong and you guys

applicable to Hong Kong and you guys which is local Hong Kong people’s

which is local Hong Kong people’s

which is local Hong Kong people’s attitude towards people coming down from

attitude towards people coming down from

attitude towards people coming down from mainland China so in the first article

mainland China so in the first article

mainland China so in the first article it says mainland Chinese students face

it says mainland Chinese students face

it says mainland Chinese students face discrimination in Hong Kong so quite

discrimination in Hong Kong so quite

discrimination in Hong Kong so quite straightforward but in the article it

straightforward but in the article it

straightforward but in the article it details a study where they took focus

details a study where they took focus

details a study where they took focus groups of fifteen mainland students from

groups of fifteen mainland students from

groups of fifteen mainland students from four universities and in these focus

four universities and in these focus

four universities and in these focus groups they kind of talked about their

groups they kind of talked about their

groups they kind of talked about their experience as a mainland student who was

experience as a mainland student who was

experience as a mainland student who was studying in Hong Kong and all of them

studying in Hong Kong and all of them

studying in Hong Kong and all of them reported discrimination so for example

reported discrimination so for example

reported discrimination so for example one of the girls um who was studying in

one of the girls um who was studying in

one of the girls um who was studying in Hong Kong as a mainland student had her

Hong Kong as a mainland student had her

Hong Kong as a mainland student had her mom come down from China and since her

mom come down from China and since her

mom come down from China and since her mum doesn’t speak Cantonese she speaks

mum doesn’t speak Cantonese she speaks

mum doesn’t speak Cantonese she speaks Bhutan quoi they conversed in Bhutan

Bhutan quoi they conversed in Bhutan

Bhutan quoi they conversed in Bhutan quoi and when the girl turned to a

quoi and when the girl turned to a

quoi and when the girl turned to a shopkeeper and started to be speaking to

shopkeeper and started to be speaking to

shopkeeper and started to be speaking to the shopkeeper in Bhutan quoi the

the shopkeeper in Bhutan quoi the

the shopkeeper in Bhutan quoi the shopkeeper just turned around and

shopkeeper just turned around and

shopkeeper just turned around and started walking away

started walking away

started walking away so this sense of discrimination is

so this sense of discrimination is

so this sense of discrimination is prominent in Hong Kong but on the other

prominent in Hong Kong but on the other

prominent in Hong Kong but on the other hand you have the second article which

hand you have the second article which

hand you have the second article which says xenophobia in Hong Kong we are far

says xenophobia in Hong Kong we are far

says xenophobia in Hong Kong we are far from it thankfully and in this study it

from it thankfully and in this study it

from it thankfully and in this study it actually says that 26.5% of mainland

actually says that 26.5% of mainland

actually says that 26.5% of mainland students and only 26.5% of mainland

students and only 26.5% of mainland

students and only 26.5% of mainland students feel discriminate feel a sense

students feel discriminate feel a sense

students feel discriminate feel a sense of discrimination or have been

of discrimination or have been

of discrimination or have been discriminated in Hong Kong so what this

discriminated in Hong Kong so what this

discriminated in Hong Kong so what this is basically saying is that in the

is basically saying is that in the

is basically saying is that in the article and I quote this it says it

article and I quote this it says it

article and I quote this it says it suggests that Hong Kong is a true

suggests that Hong Kong is a true

suggests that Hong Kong is a true paradise for immigrants compared to

paradise for immigrants compared to

paradise for immigrants compared to Europe and North America so that was

Europe and North America so that was

Europe and North America so that was quite interesting to me how in this

quite interesting to me how in this

quite interesting to me how in this whole mess and chaos of different

whole mess and chaos of different

whole mess and chaos of different opinions and how we categorize people

opinions and how we categorize people

opinions and how we categorize people these kinds of different opinions can

these kinds of different opinions can

these kinds of different opinions can occur even if they’re completely

occur even if they’re completely

occur even if they’re completely opposing one another and in the last one

opposing one another and in the last one

opposing one another and in the last one it says one country two identities Hong

it says one country two identities Hong

it says one country two identities Hong Kong navigates an uncertain future and

Kong navigates an uncertain future and

Kong navigates an uncertain future and in this article it was quite interesting

in this article it was quite interesting

in this article it was quite interesting because this was talking about how when

because this was talking about how when

because this was talking about how when people when local Hong Kong people

people when local Hong Kong people

people when local Hong Kong people introduce themselves they say oh I’m

introduce themselves they say oh I’m

introduce themselves they say oh I’m from Hong Kong they never say I’m from

from Hong Kong they never say I’m from

from Hong Kong they never say I’m from China and if they did say I’m from China

China and if they did say I’m from China

China and if they did say I’m from China they would never say I’m from mainland

they would never say I’m from mainland

they would never say I’m from mainland China so that was kind of prominent to

China so that was kind of prominent to

China so that was kind of prominent to me because it was drawing that line

me because it was drawing that line

me because it was drawing that line again that circle that us-versus-them

again that circle that us-versus-them

again that circle that us-versus-them mentality where some people think that

mentality where some people think that

mentality where some people think that some people have really established that

some people have really established that

some people have really established that line where we are not a part of you and

line where we are not a part of you and

line where we are not a part of you and you have nothing to do with us so I

you have nothing to do with us so I

you have nothing to do with us so I would like to go through how you could

would like to go through how you could

would like to go through how you could apply the Gestalt laws to the

apply the Gestalt laws to the

apply the Gestalt laws to the relationship between mainland Chinese

relationship between mainland Chinese

relationship between mainland Chinese students mainland Chinese people in

students mainland Chinese people in

students mainland Chinese people in general and Hong Kong and local Hong

general and Hong Kong and local Hong

general and Hong Kong and local Hong Kong people and check out their

Kong people and check out their

Kong people and check out their interaction through these Gestalt laws

interaction through these Gestalt laws

interaction through these Gestalt laws so with figure ground as I said the

so with figure ground as I said the

so with figure ground as I said the figure is usually a lot smaller than the

figure is usually a lot smaller than the

figure is usually a lot smaller than the ground right so in this whole sea of

ground right so in this whole sea of

ground right so in this whole sea of Hong Kong people mainland Chinese people

Hong Kong people mainland Chinese people

Hong Kong people mainland Chinese people are minority well there’s just less of

are minority well there’s just less of

are minority well there’s just less of them since we are in Hong Kong so since

them since we are in Hong Kong so since

them since we are in Hong Kong so since there are less of them imagine you’re in

there are less of them imagine you’re in

there are less of them imagine you’re in a field and you’ve got lots and lots of

a field and you’ve got lots and lots of

a field and you’ve got lots and lots of Hong Kong people but only a small

Hong Kong people but only a small

Hong Kong people but only a small portion of mainland Chinese people now

portion of mainland Chinese people now

portion of mainland Chinese people now because it’s smaller than the ground

because it’s smaller than the ground

because it’s smaller than the ground would immediately point our eyes to that

would immediately point our eyes to that

would immediately point our eyes to that position and once we grab our tent once

position and once we grab our tent once

position and once we grab our tent once that kind of group has grabbed our

that kind of group has grabbed our

that kind of group has grabbed our attention we can start to say you’re

attention we can start to say you’re

attention we can start to say you’re obviously different from us so that’s

obviously different from us so that’s

obviously different from us so that’s one of the ways in which we can

one of the ways in which we can

one of the ways in which we can categorize humans and the next one

categorize humans and the next one

categorize humans and the next one proximity usually when you’re coming

proximity usually when you’re coming

proximity usually when you’re coming down from a different place maybe for

down from a different place maybe for

down from a different place maybe for recreational reasons in Hong Kong you

recreational reasons in Hong Kong you

recreational reasons in Hong Kong you would bring family and friends

would bring family and friends

would bring family and friends so when imagine you’re in a shopping

so when imagine you’re in a shopping

so when imagine you’re in a shopping mall and you see these groups of

mall and you see these groups of

mall and you see these groups of mainland Chinese people and obviously

mainland Chinese people and obviously

mainland Chinese people and obviously they’re standing closer together because

they’re standing closer together because

they’re standing closer together because they know each other whereas two Hong

they know each other whereas two Hong

they know each other whereas two Hong Kong people who are complete strangers

Kong people who are complete strangers

Kong people who are complete strangers would not stand as close to each other

would not stand as close to each other

would not stand as close to each other because they they don’t know each other

because they they don’t know each other

because they they don’t know each other so this was really interesting because

so this was really interesting because

so this was really interesting because because mainland Chinese people would

because mainland Chinese people would

because mainland Chinese people would stand closer together what I thought was

stand closer together what I thought was

stand closer together what I thought was that our eyes would directly shoot their

that our eyes would directly shoot their

that our eyes would directly shoot their position because there we assumed that

position because there we assumed that

position because there we assumed that they’re associated with each other and

they’re associated with each other and

they’re associated with each other and that’s how the law of proximity could

that’s how the law of proximity could

that’s how the law of proximity could work in categorizing humans

work in categorizing humans

work in categorizing humans now onto similarity now because mainland

now onto similarity now because mainland

now onto similarity now because mainland Chinese people are coming down from a

Chinese people are coming down from a

Chinese people are coming down from a different place obviously you are going

different place obviously you are going

different place obviously you are going to take a suitcase with you so local

to take a suitcase with you so local

to take a suitcase with you so local Hong Kong people have built up the

Hong Kong people have built up the

Hong Kong people have built up the stereotype that oh oh mainland Chinese

stereotype that oh oh mainland Chinese

stereotype that oh oh mainland Chinese people are gonna bring suitcases with

people are gonna bring suitcases with

people are gonna bring suitcases with them or Oh when when they when they’re

them or Oh when when they when they’re

them or Oh when when they when they’re off on tourist groups sometimes they

off on tourist groups sometimes they

off on tourist groups sometimes they would have a flag to identify that

would have a flag to identify that

would have a flag to identify that they’re tourists or they would have like

they’re tourists or they would have like

they’re tourists or they would have like those little stickers to identify that

those little stickers to identify that

those little stickers to identify that they are indeed tourists from mainland

they are indeed tourists from mainland

they are indeed tourists from mainland China and with these visual

China and with these visual

China and with these visual characteristics with these similar

characteristics with these similar

characteristics with these similar characteristics we can start to

characteristics we can start to

characteristics we can start to associate them with a certain group

associate them with a certain group

associate them with a certain group creating a stereotype and because of

creating a stereotype and because of

creating a stereotype and because of this sense of similarity where their

this sense of similarity where their

this sense of similarity where their characteristics can be classified

characteristics can be classified

characteristics can be classified together we can start to group them

together we can start to group them

together we can start to group them together and again have that

together and again have that

together and again have that us-versus-them mentality so um

us-versus-them mentality so um

us-versus-them mentality so um throughout this presentation I really

throughout this presentation I really

throughout this presentation I really hope that I’ve shown you how we can use

hope that I’ve shown you how we can use

hope that I’ve shown you how we can use these psychological theories to

these psychological theories to

these psychological theories to categorize not only visual stimuli but

categorize not only visual stimuli but

categorize not only visual stimuli but also categorize humans which might be

also categorize humans which might be

also categorize humans which might be quite a strange realization but when I

quite a strange realization but when I

quite a strange realization but when I figured this out I just thought oh I

figured this out I just thought oh I

figured this out I just thought oh I have to share this so I hope that

have to share this so I hope that

have to share this so I hope that together we can start into the future

together we can start into the future

together we can start into the future with a sense of tolerance acceptance and

with a sense of tolerance acceptance and

with a sense of tolerance acceptance and open eyes thank you

open eyes thank you

open eyes thank you [Applause]