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in and around 2011-2012
in and around 2011-2012 a an American high school student by the
a an American high school student by the
a an American high school student by the name of Jack andraka you may know his
name of Jack andraka you may know his
name of Jack andraka you may know his name
developed by himself a novel test for
developed by himself a novel test for detecting early stage pancreatic cancer
detecting early stage pancreatic cancer
detecting early stage pancreatic cancer and let me tell you that’s quite an
and let me tell you that’s quite an
and let me tell you that’s quite an achievement for a teenager you will
achievement for a teenager you will
achievement for a teenager you will understand and he was a teenager by the
understand and he was a teenager by the
understand and he was a teenager by the time actually a month after he turned 16
time actually a month after he turned 16
time actually a month after he turned 16 he gave a TED lecture this one sorry a
he gave a TED lecture this one sorry a
he gave a TED lecture this one sorry a TED lecture on the topic and I advise
TED lecture on the topic and I advise
TED lecture on the topic and I advise everyone to see that lecture I very much
everyone to see that lecture I very much
everyone to see that lecture I very much like it and Jack andraka clearly is a
like it and Jack andraka clearly is a
like it and Jack andraka clearly is a very keen bright young researcher the
very keen bright young researcher the
very keen bright young researcher the type of research we want to solve big
type of research we want to solve big
type of research we want to solve big problems and it is in our best interest
problems and it is in our best interest
problems and it is in our best interest of all of us to make sure we have many
of all of us to make sure we have many
of all of us to make sure we have many bright young researchers coming up
bright young researchers coming up
bright young researchers coming up aligned for the future and one way to
aligned for the future and one way to
aligned for the future and one way to get that done is education obviously and
get that done is education obviously and
get that done is education obviously and high school education I think is where
high school education I think is where
high school education I think is where that should start we typically think of
that should start we typically think of
that should start we typically think of research and academia in universities
research and academia in universities
research and academia in universities university education but I believe I
university education but I believe I
university education but I believe I firmly believe that should start in high
firmly believe that should start in high
firmly believe that should start in high school and one way to in which we
school and one way to in which we
school and one way to in which we actually educate students towards
actually educate students towards
actually educate students towards becoming maybe a researcher or a great
becoming maybe a researcher or a great
becoming maybe a researcher or a great mind is via science science projects in
mind is via science science projects in
mind is via science science projects in high school and that’s what I want to
high school and that’s what I want to
high school and that’s what I want to talk about science projects don’t worry
talk about science projects don’t worry
talk about science projects don’t worry about the sly disappearing I just made
about the sly disappearing I just made
about the sly disappearing I just made that happen yeah sometimes people worry
that happen yeah sometimes people worry
that happen yeah sometimes people worry we use science projects in an
we use science projects in an
we use science projects in an expectation that students will learn the
expectation that students will learn the
expectation that students will learn the intricacies of science the principles of
intricacies of science the principles of
intricacies of science the principles of science things like how to formulate the
science things like how to formulate the
science things like how to formulate the hypotheses how to test the hypothesis
hypotheses how to test the hypothesis
hypotheses how to test the hypothesis maybe how to construct rational
maybe how to construct rational
maybe how to construct rational arguments how to deal with data how to
arguments how to deal with data how to
arguments how to deal with data how to reflect on your own on your own results
reflect on your own on your own results
reflect on your own on your own results how to report your results so that other
how to report your results so that other
how to report your results so that other people can understand them and maybe
people can understand them and maybe
people can understand them and maybe verify them that’s what we expect from
verify them that’s what we expect from
verify them that’s what we expect from science projects that’s why we give our
science projects that’s why we give our
science projects that’s why we give our high schools
high schools
high schools students science projects but here’s the
students science projects but here’s the
students science projects but here’s the thing and this is what I want to talk
thing and this is what I want to talk
thing and this is what I want to talk about about these science projects these
about about these science projects these
about about these science projects these science projects are not intended to
science projects are not intended to
science projects are not intended to know let me go back one step I just
know let me go back one step I just
know let me go back one step I just mentioned a few principles of academia
mentioned a few principles of academia
mentioned a few principles of academia of general academic thinking and there’s
of general academic thinking and there’s
of general academic thinking and there’s one that’s actually missing from this
one that’s actually missing from this
one that’s actually missing from this list that I believe and that is academic
list that I believe and that is academic
list that I believe and that is academic freedom academic freedom it’s something
freedom academic freedom it’s something
freedom academic freedom it’s something that I did not mention that it’s very
that I did not mention that it’s very
that I did not mention that it’s very often not mentioned to high school
often not mentioned to high school
often not mentioned to high school students as a principal of science all
students as a principal of science all
students as a principal of science all the other things are but not academic
the other things are but not academic
the other things are but not academic freedom and I believe that’s a very yeah
freedom and I believe that’s a very yeah
freedom and I believe that’s a very yeah not a good thing that’s my message for
not a good thing that’s my message for
not a good thing that’s my message for today
today
today academic freedom to me is the option or
academic freedom to me is the option or
academic freedom to me is the option or the choice that you have as a scientist
the choice that you have as a scientist
the choice that you have as a scientist as a researcher to study your own
as a researcher to study your own
as a researcher to study your own interests to pursue your own interest
interests to pursue your own interest
interests to pursue your own interest and you know in the real world of
and you know in the real world of
and you know in the real world of academia of science that is not an easy
academia of science that is not an easy
academia of science that is not an easy thing it’s not a given thing you can do
thing it’s not a given thing you can do
thing it’s not a given thing you can do that which I’m happy about that it isn’t
that which I’m happy about that it isn’t
that which I’m happy about that it isn’t because you know we need to solve big
because you know we need to solve big
because you know we need to solve big problems and we cannot do that if every
problems and we cannot do that if every
problems and we cannot do that if every scientist just goes pursuing whatever
scientist just goes pursuing whatever
scientist just goes pursuing whatever they want to pursue so we need to you
they want to pursue so we need to you
they want to pursue so we need to you know pull our resources together we need
know pull our resources together we need
know pull our resources together we need to focus our attention in the same
to focus our attention in the same
to focus our attention in the same direction to solve big problems
direction to solve big problems
direction to solve big problems sustainability problems healthcare
sustainability problems healthcare
sustainability problems healthcare problems energy problems etc and but
problems energy problems etc and but
problems energy problems etc and but these big problems are not the type of
these big problems are not the type of
these big problems are not the type of problems that I believe high school
problems that I believe high school
problems that I believe high school students should be working on in their
students should be working on in their
students should be working on in their science projects and I believe that high
science projects and I believe that high
science projects and I believe that high school students should be working on
school students should be working on
school students should be working on much more playful projects should be
much more playful projects should be
much more playful projects should be working in much more playful manner when
working in much more playful manner when
working in much more playful manner when it when it comes to academic thinking
it when it comes to academic thinking
it when it comes to academic thinking academic doing doing science and that’s
academic doing doing science and that’s
academic doing doing science and that’s why I really wanted to talk about
why I really wanted to talk about
why I really wanted to talk about academic playfulness
academic playfulness
academic playfulness for students that is really my message
for students that is really my message
for students that is really my message for today but I’ll give you two examples
for today but I’ll give you two examples
for today but I’ll give you two examples of projects did I find nice examples of
of projects did I find nice examples of
of projects did I find nice examples of academic playfulness and admittedly that
academic playfulness and admittedly that
academic playfulness and admittedly that they’re they’re not high school project
they’re they’re not high school project
they’re they’re not high school project have to admit that our project from my
have to admit that our project from my
have to admit that our project from my own students but as an example they
own students but as an example they
own students but as an example they serve very well
serve very well
serve very well I think and the first one you know to
I think and the first one you know to
I think and the first one you know to explain this you need to understand that
explain this you need to understand that
explain this you need to understand that I always tell my own students and I tell
I always tell my own students and I tell
I always tell my own students and I tell many high school students you know in in
many high school students you know in in
many high school students you know in in the Netherlands I always tell them you
the Netherlands I always tell them you
the Netherlands I always tell them you know if you want to research something
know if you want to research something
know if you want to research something and you don’t know what yeah yet what
and you don’t know what yeah yet what
and you don’t know what yeah yet what then look at your own surroundings look
then look at your own surroundings look
then look at your own surroundings look in your own life look make observations
in your own life look make observations
in your own life look make observations of what happens to you in your daily
of what happens to you in your daily
of what happens to you in your daily life ask questions of what’s going on
life ask questions of what’s going on
life ask questions of what’s going on around you
around you
around you really simple opposition are up survey
really simple opposition are up survey
really simple opposition are up survey shion’s personal inspirations personal
shion’s personal inspirations personal
shion’s personal inspirations personal interests are great starting point for
interests are great starting point for
interests are great starting point for scientific research and having said that
scientific research and having said that
scientific research and having said that to my own students a few years ago one
to my own students a few years ago one
to my own students a few years ago one student walked into my office and his
student walked into my office and his
student walked into my office and his name is Ian from the Eck and he said
name is Ian from the Eck and he said
name is Ian from the Eck and he said Martin yeah I made an observation in my
Martin yeah I made an observation in my
Martin yeah I made an observation in my daily life he said I like to play
daily life he said I like to play
daily life he said I like to play computer games and every few months or
computer games and every few months or
computer games and every few months or so you know I buy a new computer game
so you know I buy a new computer game
so you know I buy a new computer game because the old one is doing boring but
because the old one is doing boring but
because the old one is doing boring but he said I made a second observation and
he said I made a second observation and
he said I made a second observation and that is that I have a cat and I don’t
that is that I have a cat and I don’t
that is that I have a cat and I don’t buy a new cat every few months because
buy a new cat every few months because
buy a new cat every few months because it becomes boring you know so he said
it becomes boring you know so he said
it becomes boring you know so he said that could it be that there’s a quality
that could it be that there’s a quality
that could it be that there’s a quality in the behavior of my cat that is not in
in the behavior of my cat that is not in
in the behavior of my cat that is not in the behavior of the opponents that I
the behavior of the opponents that I
the behavior of the opponents that I fight in the computer games and these
fight in the computer games and these
fight in the computer games and these are computerized opponents algorithmic
are computerized opponents algorithmic
are computerized opponents algorithmic opponents and he said and if so if that
opponents and he said and if so if that
opponents and he said and if so if that is the case could it be that this
is the case could it be that this
is the case could it be that this quality is transferable to a video game
quality is transferable to a video game
quality is transferable to a video game if I do not play it against a
if I do not play it against a
if I do not play it against a computerized opponent but against my cat
computerized opponent but against my cat
computerized opponent but against my cat or any other animal that’s the question
or any other animal that’s the question
or any other animal that’s the question he came in with I think that’s a really
he came in with I think that’s a really
he came in with I think that’s a really nice question to start doing research so
nice question to start doing research so
nice question to start doing research so we talked about it and we both concluded
we talked about it and we both concluded
we talked about it and we both concluded cats are horrible to use in science
cats are horrible to use in science
cats are horrible to use in science they’re unpredictable and too big too
they’re unpredictable and too big too
they’re unpredictable and too big too expensive people love them too much so
expensive people love them too much so
expensive people love them too much so we decided to settle with a different
we decided to settle with a different
we decided to settle with a different type of animal and insect namely
type of animal and insect namely
type of animal and insect namely crickets and them devised by himself
crickets and them devised by himself
crickets and them devised by himself this experiment that I kind of like and
this experiment that I kind of like and
this experiment that I kind of like and I want to tell you about and it revolves
I want to tell you about and it revolves
I want to tell you about and it revolves around a game known as pac-man you
around a game known as pac-man you
around a game known as pac-man you probably know it it’s a maze game and in
probably know it it’s a maze game and in
probably know it it’s a maze game and in the wind built a small version of
the wind built a small version of
the wind built a small version of pac-man and in this version of pac-man
pac-man and in this version of pac-man
pac-man and in this version of pac-man the four ghosts in keep inky blinky and
the four ghosts in keep inky blinky and
the four ghosts in keep inky blinky and Clyde we’re not controlled
Clyde we’re not controlled
Clyde we’re not controlled algorithmically by you know a computer
algorithmically by you know a computer
algorithmically by you know a computer algorithm some computer code no no they
algorithm some computer code no no they
algorithm some computer code no no they were controlled by crickets real living
were controlled by crickets real living
were controlled by crickets real living crickets and his crickets did not only
crickets and his crickets did not only
crickets and his crickets did not only live they lived inside a facsimile maze
live they lived inside a facsimile maze
live they lived inside a facsimile maze of the one in the game that LEM had
of the one in the game that LEM had
of the one in the game that LEM had built out of scrap bits of wood and the
built out of scrap bits of wood and the
built out of scrap bits of wood and the crickets would live in there walk around
crickets would live in there walk around
crickets would live in there walk around and they were monitored by webcam and
and they were monitored by webcam and
and they were monitored by webcam and their positions were tracked and used as
their positions were tracked and used as
their positions were tracked and used as positions for
positions for
positions for ghosts in the game as such wim could
ghosts in the game as such wim could
ghosts in the game as such wim could play pac-man against crickets and he
play pac-man against crickets and he
play pac-man against crickets and he used this setup it was technically maybe
used this setup it was technically maybe
used this setup it was technically maybe slightly more difficult but not much and
slightly more difficult but not much and
slightly more difficult but not much and as such he could study the question that
as such he could study the question that
as such he could study the question that he set out to study and in that sense
he set out to study and in that sense
he set out to study and in that sense you know the project could have been
you know the project could have been
you know the project could have been better in terms of research could have
better in terms of research could have
better in terms of research could have definitely been improved however what I
definitely been improved however what I
definitely been improved however what I really like about it is that it is a
really like about it is that it is a
really like about it is that it is a nice research that came from the
nice research that came from the
nice research that came from the personal inspiration of a student and
personal inspiration of a student and
personal inspiration of a student and that really engaged that student in
that really engaged that student in
that really engaged that student in scientific reefer research even so much
scientific reefer research even so much
scientific reefer research even so much so that years after this project wim
so that years after this project wim
so that years after this project wim decided to do a PhD on animal
decided to do a PhD on animal
decided to do a PhD on animal incorporated computer games that he’s
incorporated computer games that he’s
incorporated computer games that he’s actually he’s working on his PhD in this
actually he’s working on his PhD in this
actually he’s working on his PhD in this field right now this is how engaged he
field right now this is how engaged he
field right now this is how engaged he got into science and that should be the
got into science and that should be the
got into science and that should be the point of science projects in education
point of science projects in education
point of science projects in education that should be the point of science of
that should be the point of science of
that should be the point of science of projects in education let me tell you
projects in education let me tell you
projects in education let me tell you about a second project another student
about a second project another student
about a second project another student his name is Venus both he came to him
his name is Venus both he came to him
his name is Venus both he came to him into my office he said Martin I have an
into my office he said Martin I have an
into my office he said Martin I have an ID you know these huge flocks of birds
ID you know these huge flocks of birds
ID you know these huge flocks of birds that fly around in the sky it’s really
that fly around in the sky it’s really
that fly around in the sky it’s really beautiful
beautiful
beautiful I guess you know what I’m talking about
I guess you know what I’m talking about
I guess you know what I’m talking about he said I want to control him I want to
he said I want to control him I want to
he said I want to control him I want to fly my drone into these flocks of birds
fly my drone into these flocks of birds
fly my drone into these flocks of birds and want to take control over the whole
and want to take control over the whole
and want to take control over the whole flock I want to I want to be able to
flock I want to I want to be able to
flock I want to I want to be able to steer that flock where I want them to go
steer that flock where I want them to go
steer that flock where I want them to go well that is quite an ambition quite an
well that is quite an ambition quite an
well that is quite an ambition quite an ambitious project and we soon decide
ambitious project and we soon decide
ambitious project and we soon decide that that is very difficult because you
that that is very difficult because you
that that is very difficult because you have no idea how to construct these
have no idea how to construct these
have no idea how to construct these flocks of birds or even if you don’t
flocks of birds or even if you don’t
flocks of birds or even if you don’t want to construct them you have nobody
want to construct them you have nobody
want to construct them you have nobody were to find them or when to find him so
were to find them or when to find him so
were to find them or when to find him so let alone be there with your drone and
let alone be there with your drone and
let alone be there with your drone and then hope that you can control them so
then hope that you can control them so
then hope that you can control them so we immediately saw you know that’s a bit
we immediately saw you know that’s a bit
we immediately saw you know that’s a bit of a difficult project but don’t me as
of a difficult project but don’t me as
of a difficult project but don’t me as an educator I am an educator I told him
an educator I am an educator I told him
an educator I am an educator I told him let’s let let’s work on this idea let’s
let’s let let’s work on this idea let’s
let’s let let’s work on this idea let’s talk about it so we talked about it and
talk about it so we talked about it and
talk about it so we talked about it and we concluded that his actual interest
we concluded that his actual interest
we concluded that his actual interest was really in the interaction between
was really in the interaction between
was really in the interaction between drones and birds that had his
drones and birds that had his
drones and birds that had his fascination that is what he really
fascination that is what he really
fascination that is what he really wanted to know that it was underlying
wanted to know that it was underlying
wanted to know that it was underlying his first project proposal so now we
his first project proposal so now we
his first project proposal so now we said well let’s study that it so that’s
said well let’s study that it so that’s
said well let’s study that it so that’s what Venus did and he did it in this but
what Venus did and he did it in this but
what Venus did and he did it in this but I find a very nice way he what he did is
I find a very nice way he what he did is
I find a very nice way he what he did is for last summer for several weeks and
for last summer for several weeks and
for last summer for several weeks and I’m talking four or five weeks he got up
I’m talking four or five weeks he got up
I’m talking four or five weeks he got up every morning between
every morning between
every morning between six and went to the local park near his
six and went to the local park near his
six and went to the local park near his house and he would feed the birds there
house and he would feed the birds there
house and he would feed the birds there just put some birdseed around and some
just put some birdseed around and some
just put some birdseed around and some mealworms and you can actually oh sorry
mealworms and you can actually oh sorry
mealworms and you can actually oh sorry wrong button you can actually see them
wrong button you can actually see them
wrong button you can actually see them here there in the middle the worms and
here there in the middle the worms and
here there in the middle the worms and the birdseed it was a very low-cost
the birdseed it was a very low-cost
the birdseed it was a very low-cost experiment it had a small camera a
experiment it had a small camera a
experiment it had a small camera a smartphone and an off-the-shelf drone
smartphone and an off-the-shelf drone
smartphone and an off-the-shelf drone that he already owned and a weight scale
that he already owned and a weight scale
that he already owned and a weight scale to measure the weight of the worms and
to measure the weight of the worms and
to measure the weight of the worms and to see how much were eaten by the birds
to see how much were eaten by the birds
to see how much were eaten by the birds from the container he would basically
from the container he would basically
from the container he would basically feed the birds what he did he put the
feed the birds what he did he put the
feed the birds what he did he put the camera right next to the food and it
camera right next to the food and it
camera right next to the food and it would observe birds eating his birdseed
would observe birds eating his birdseed
would observe birds eating his birdseed and his mealworms penis himself would be
and his mealworms penis himself would be
and his mealworms penis himself would be sitting away a hundred metres ready with
sitting away a hundred metres ready with
sitting away a hundred metres ready with his drone and every time he could
his drone and every time he could
his drone and every time he could actually see the birds he could see the
actually see the birds he could see the
actually see the birds he could see the camera feed so every time he saw a bird
camera feed so every time he saw a bird
camera feed so every time he saw a bird entering the feeding zone he would
entering the feeding zone he would
entering the feeding zone he would conceptually throw a dice he would make
conceptually throw a dice he would make
conceptually throw a dice he would make a random decision then and this random
a random decision then and this random
a random decision then and this random decision has three possible outcomes one
decision has three possible outcomes one
decision has three possible outcomes one he wouldn’t do anything that was the
he wouldn’t do anything that was the
he wouldn’t do anything that was the first option the second option was his
first option the second option was his
first option the second option was his drone would take off and it would fly
drone would take off and it would fly
drone would take off and it would fly 100 meters straight towards the bird
100 meters straight towards the bird
100 meters straight towards the bird basically attacking it and once it
basically attacking it and once it
basically attacking it and once it reached a birdie would loop fly back and
reached a birdie would loop fly back and
reached a birdie would loop fly back and land that was the second option or the
land that was the second option or the
land that was the second option or the third option was when a bird landed the
third option was when a bird landed the
third option was when a bird landed the drone would take off and he would fly in
drone would take off and he would fly in
drone would take off and he would fly in a straight line not after bird but past
a straight line not after bird but past
a straight line not after bird but past it that’s a sort of fly by maneuver and
it that’s a sort of fly by maneuver and
it that’s a sort of fly by maneuver and then it would return and all the time
then it would return and all the time
then it would return and all the time Adina’s was filming the location of the
Adina’s was filming the location of the
Adina’s was filming the location of the food where the food was where where the
food where the food was where where the
food where the food was where where the birds were and every day after he got
birds were and every day after he got
birds were and every day after he got back from two hours in the morning
back from two hours in the morning
back from two hours in the morning spending in the park he would analyze
spending in the park he would analyze
spending in the park he would analyze his footage very meticulously frame by
his footage very meticulously frame by
his footage very meticulously frame by frame and he would note on the exact
frame and he would note on the exact
frame and he would note on the exact frame numbers when a bird appeared in
frame numbers when a bird appeared in
frame numbers when a bird appeared in the shot when it left and he knew what
the shot when it left and he knew what
the shot when it left and he knew what type of birds they were he also knew
type of birds they were he also knew
type of birds they were he also knew what the condition was was there no
what the condition was was there no
what the condition was was there no drone was there an attacking drone or a
drone was there an attacking drone or a
drone was there an attacking drone or a fly by drone and by noting all this data
fly by drone and by noting all this data
fly by drone and by noting all this data and correlating bird species to the time
and correlating bird species to the time
and correlating bird species to the time that they spent feeding to the condition
that they spent feeding to the condition
that they spent feeding to the condition under which to drugs flew he could
under which to drugs flew he could
under which to drugs flew he could actually make he could actually discover
actually make he could actually discover
actually make he could actually discover how different species of birds react
how different species of birds react
how different species of birds react differently to drones which is very
differently to drones which is very
differently to drones which is very important it’s it’s a topic it was on a
important it’s it’s a topic it was on a
important it’s it’s a topic it was on a radio recently that one of the city
radio recently that one of the city
radio recently that one of the city councils in Holland wants to use drones
councils in Holland wants to use drones
councils in Holland wants to use drones to detect marijuana illegal marijuana
to detect marijuana illegal marijuana
to detect marijuana illegal marijuana growth and the people are saying we
growth and the people are saying we
growth and the people are saying we can’t do that because we do not know how
can’t do that because we do not know how
can’t do that because we do not know how birds react well thanks to a single
birds react well thanks to a single
birds react well thanks to a single student with a radically absurd ID we do
student with a radically absurd ID we do
student with a radically absurd ID we do now we’re currently writing a journal
now we’re currently writing a journal
now we’re currently writing a journal article for a biological journal Venus
article for a biological journal Venus
article for a biological journal Venus me and someone from the biology
me and someone from the biology
me and someone from the biology department based on his data why am I
department based on his data why am I
department based on his data why am I telling you this I’m telling you this
telling you this I’m telling you this
telling you this I’m telling you this because you know I told you
because you know I told you
because you know I told you academic playfulness is such an
academic playfulness is such an
academic playfulness is such an important thing to engage students in
important thing to engage students in
important thing to engage students in the process of science at a young age
the process of science at a young age
the process of science at a young age preferably at the high school level that
preferably at the high school level that
preferably at the high school level that is the perfect time maybe you’re
is the perfect time maybe you’re
is the perfect time maybe you’re thinking yeah Martin okay so we agree
thinking yeah Martin okay so we agree
thinking yeah Martin okay so we agree that’s it well let me surprise you
that’s it well let me surprise you
that’s it well let me surprise you that’s not really the point I’m making
that’s not really the point I’m making
that’s not really the point I’m making what a point I’m I want to make is that
what a point I’m I want to make is that
what a point I’m I want to make is that academic playfulness should be made more
academic playfulness should be made more
academic playfulness should be made more explicit in high school education at
explicit in high school education at
explicit in high school education at least as I see it around me in science
least as I see it around me in science
least as I see it around me in science projects students should be told that
projects students should be told that
projects students should be told that they can study whatever it is that they
they can study whatever it is that they
they can study whatever it is that they want to study there should be told that
want to study there should be told that
want to study there should be told that they should be told that the topics that
they should be told that the topics that
they should be told that the topics that they select can be from their personal
they select can be from their personal
they select can be from their personal inspiration or personal fascination be
inspiration or personal fascination be
inspiration or personal fascination be it I don’t know hardrock be it hockey
it I don’t know hardrock be it hockey
it I don’t know hardrock be it hockey whatever they can study whatever they
whatever they can study whatever they
whatever they can study whatever they want that really is my message and by
want that really is my message and by
want that really is my message and by doing that by engaging young people in
doing that by engaging young people in
doing that by engaging young people in the process of science and acting
the process of science and acting
the process of science and acting scientifically we basically put forth a
scientifically we basically put forth a
scientifically we basically put forth a stronger generation of future scientists
stronger generation of future scientists
stronger generation of future scientists that we really need to solve big world
that we really need to solve big world
that we really need to solve big world problems
problems
problems [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] you
”
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