hello everyone I’m Dickon and I’m a Carta file in other words I love Maps I
Carta file in other words I love Maps I
Carta file in other words I love Maps I always have and probably always will
always have and probably always will
always have and probably always will even in the age of Google Maps on an
even in the age of Google Maps on an
even in the age of Google Maps on an iPhone there’s nothing quite like
iPhone there’s nothing quite like
iPhone there’s nothing quite like opening up an old-fashioned paper map
opening up an old-fashioned paper map
opening up an old-fashioned paper map spreading it out and letting it take you
spreading it out and letting it take you
spreading it out and letting it take you on a journey of discovery
on a journey of discovery
on a journey of discovery maybe long-forgotten places or lands we
maybe long-forgotten places or lands we
maybe long-forgotten places or lands we know nothing about for this passion I
know nothing about for this passion I
know nothing about for this passion I blame my grandmother she was also a map
blame my grandmother she was also a map
blame my grandmother she was also a map lover but she was a terrible map reader
lover but she was a terrible map reader
lover but she was a terrible map reader and I mean terrible so purely from
and I mean terrible so purely from
and I mean terrible so purely from necessity my love affair with maps began
necessity my love affair with maps began
necessity my love affair with maps began at a very early age because someone had
at a very early age because someone had
at a very early age because someone had to navigate the annual trip to Italy
to navigate the annual trip to Italy
to navigate the annual trip to Italy otherwise we would have been in Sweden
otherwise we would have been in Sweden
otherwise we would have been in Sweden and what I love about maps is that they
and what I love about maps is that they
and what I love about maps is that they do open doors for us and actually more
do open doors for us and actually more
do open doors for us and actually more than that they open a door and push us
than that they open a door and push us
than that they open a door and push us through letting us travel through time
through letting us travel through time
through letting us travel through time and space without having to move an inch
and space without having to move an inch
and space without having to move an inch with one piece of paper we can look into
with one piece of paper we can look into
with one piece of paper we can look into the future or discover hidden treasure
the future or discover hidden treasure
the future or discover hidden treasure we can travel around the whole country
we can travel around the whole country
we can travel around the whole country or simply get from A to B best of all
or simply get from A to B best of all
or simply get from A to B best of all maps can take us on a magical history
maps can take us on a magical history
maps can take us on a magical history tour and that’s what we’re going to do
tour and that’s what we’re going to do
tour and that’s what we’re going to do today in Switzerland but I want you to
today in Switzerland but I want you to
today in Switzerland but I want you to forget the Switzerland you hear about
forget the Switzerland you hear about
forget the Switzerland you hear about all the time that boring neutral sterile
all the time that boring neutral sterile
all the time that boring neutral sterile place this is Switzerland full of bears
place this is Switzerland full of bears
place this is Switzerland full of bears and pigs and war and sex they’re not all
and pigs and war and sex they’re not all
and pigs and war and sex they’re not all at the same time
at the same time
at the same time thank goodness we’re going to start with
thank goodness we’re going to start with
thank goodness we’re going to start with a map drawn by a medieval monk and that
a map drawn by a medieval monk and that
a map drawn by a medieval monk and that is not the sex map now it’s kind of hard
is not the sex map now it’s kind of hard
is not the sex map now it’s kind of hard to see Switzerland there I know you’re
to see Switzerland there I know you’re
to see Switzerland there I know you’re thinking what’s he showing me but this
thinking what’s he showing me but this
thinking what’s he showing me but this is actually the oldest map of
is actually the oldest map of
is actually the oldest map of Switzerland to show it as a single
Switzerland to show it as a single
Switzerland to show it as a single country it was drawn in 1479 by a monk
country it was drawn in 1479 by a monk
country it was drawn in 1479 by a monk Albrecht von bond Stetten and you can
Albrecht von bond Stetten and you can
Albrecht von bond Stetten and you can practically hear his quill scratching on
practically hear his quill scratching on
practically hear his quill scratching on the parchment it was hand-drawn and with
the parchment it was hand-drawn and with
the parchment it was hand-drawn and with that ring of heavenly stars it almost
that ring of heavenly stars it almost
that ring of heavenly stars it almost looks as if Switzerland is the world the
looks as if Switzerland is the world the
looks as if Switzerland is the world the world is Switzerland a lot of Swiss
world is Switzerland a lot of Swiss
world is Switzerland a lot of Swiss still believe that but when you look
still believe that but when you look
still believe that but when you look inside the circle you can see some of
inside the circle you can see some of
inside the circle you can see some of the detail coming out right at the
the detail coming out right at the
the detail coming out right at the center is mount Ricky beside lake
center is mount Ricky beside lake
center is mount Ricky beside lake lucerne and then around that are the
lucerne and then around that are the
lucerne and then around that are the names of the eight Canton’s that in
names of the eight Canton’s that in
names of the eight Canton’s that in those days made up the Confederation a
those days made up the Confederation a
those days made up the Confederation a couple are easy to see on the right you
couple are easy to see on the right you
couple are easy to see on the right you see burner obviously burn in the middle
see burner obviously burn in the middle
see burner obviously burn in the middle you see Duke which hasn’t changed at all
you see Duke which hasn’t changed at all
you see Duke which hasn’t changed at all and at the bottom either by name or by
and at the bottom either by name or by
and at the bottom either by name or by nature and at the bottom you can see
nature and at the bottom you can see
nature and at the bottom you can see tourism which may not sound familiar
tourism which may not sound familiar
tourism which may not sound familiar until you realize is the medieval name
until you realize is the medieval name
until you realize is the medieval name for Zurich where we are standing today
for Zurich where we are standing today
for Zurich where we are standing today but of course Europe is in the north of
but of course Europe is in the north of
but of course Europe is in the north of the country so to our eyes this map is
the country so to our eyes this map is
the country so to our eyes this map is upside down but it was perfectly normal
upside down but it was perfectly normal
upside down but it was perfectly normal in those days in Switzerland to have
in those days in Switzerland to have
in those days in Switzerland to have maps with South at the top like this one
maps with South at the top like this one
maps with South at the top like this one it lasted up until about the end of the
it lasted up until about the end of the
it lasted up until about the end of the sixteenth century because they were
sixteenth century because they were
sixteenth century because they were oriented towards Rome the center of the
oriented towards Rome the center of the
oriented towards Rome the center of the known world so it may look upside down
known world so it may look upside down
known world so it may look upside down to us but it wasn’t to them but I didn’t
to us but it wasn’t to them but I didn’t
to us but it wasn’t to them but I didn’t notice that at first what I noticed
notice that at first what I noticed
notice that at first what I noticed first of all was that this is not
first of all was that this is not
first of all was that this is not Switzerland in the 15th century this is
Switzerland in the 15th century this is
Switzerland in the 15th century this is Switzerland today that ring of gold
Switzerland today that ring of gold
Switzerland today that ring of gold stars on a blue background is the
stars on a blue background is the
stars on a blue background is the European Union flag
European Union flag
European Union flag with Switzerland at its centre so this
with Switzerland at its centre so this
with Switzerland at its centre so this map this monk looked 500 years into the
map this monk looked 500 years into the
map this monk looked 500 years into the future and drew modern Switzerland as an
future and drew modern Switzerland as an
future and drew modern Switzerland as an island at the center of the European
island at the center of the European
island at the center of the European Union of course he wasn’t trying to be
Union of course he wasn’t trying to be
Union of course he wasn’t trying to be political but politics and maps often
political but politics and maps often
political but politics and maps often come together especially in eras when a
come together especially in eras when a
come together especially in eras when a lot of people could not read or write
lot of people could not read or write
lot of people could not read or write and so maps were used as a political
and so maps were used as a political
and so maps were used as a political tool and the next map is a great example
tool and the next map is a great example
tool and the next map is a great example of that it’s also one of my favorites
of that it’s also one of my favorites
of that it’s also one of my favorites Cantone burn as a bear and I’m sure most
Cantone burn as a bear and I’m sure most
Cantone burn as a bear and I’m sure most of you know that the bear is the symbol
of you know that the bear is the symbol
of you know that the bear is the symbol of the canton this is from 1700 when
of the canton this is from 1700 when
of the canton this is from 1700 when Bern was the biggest and most powerful
Bern was the biggest and most powerful
Bern was the biggest and most powerful canton in the Confederation and it
canton in the Confederation and it
canton in the Confederation and it wanted to show that so it controlled the
wanted to show that so it controlled the
wanted to show that so it controlled the bernese oberland the Bears poor it
bernese oberland the Bears poor it
bernese oberland the Bears poor it controlled the head agro and it
controlled the head agro and it
controlled the head agro and it controlled the rump though
controlled the rump though
controlled the rump though all of that was Bernie’s and so it’s
all of that was Bernie’s and so it’s
all of that was Bernie’s and so it’s making a political statement this is a
making a political statement this is a
making a political statement this is a powerful bear it’s a bear with a sword a
powerful bear it’s a bear with a sword a
powerful bear it’s a bear with a sword a bear with claws a bear with teeth not a
bear with claws a bear with teeth not a
bear with claws a bear with teeth not a bear to be messed with but it’s a
bear to be messed with but it’s a
bear to be messed with but it’s a political map and we know politics is
political map and we know politics is
political map and we know politics is all about lies and this map is no
all about lies and this map is no
all about lies and this map is no exception in the middle of that map
exception in the middle of that map
exception in the middle of that map should be the canton and city of
should be the canton and city of
should be the canton and city of Freiburg at that time it was a member of
Freiburg at that time it was a member of
Freiburg at that time it was a member of the Swiss Confederation and it was
the Swiss Confederation and it was
the Swiss Confederation and it was surrounded completely by Bern
surrounded completely by Bern
surrounded completely by Bern but to show it on the map would mean
but to show it on the map would mean
but to show it on the map would mean this powerful bear would have a hole
this powerful bear would have a hole
this powerful bear would have a hole right in its middle it would not be a
right in its middle it would not be a
right in its middle it would not be a scary bear it would be a dead bear
scary bear it would be a dead bear
scary bear it would be a dead bear that’s not what the Bernese wanted so
that’s not what the Bernese wanted so
that’s not what the Bernese wanted so they leave free bog off the map
they leave free bog off the map
they leave free bog off the map completely it is not there at all fake
completely it is not there at all fake
completely it is not there at all fake news is nothing new
news is nothing new
news is nothing new also along the Bears back there are two
also along the Bears back there are two
also along the Bears back there are two Lakes Lake nashit L the slightly larger
Lakes Lake nashit L the slightly larger
Lakes Lake nashit L the slightly larger one and then what we call Lake Beale or
one and then what we call Lake Beale or
one and then what we call Lake Beale or Beale is a the problem was Beale was not
Beale is a the problem was Beale was not
Beale is a the problem was Beale was not part of Bern in those days it wasn’t
part of Bern in those days it wasn’t
part of Bern in those days it wasn’t even part of Switzerland it was an
even part of Switzerland it was an
even part of Switzerland it was an independent city-state outside the
independent city-state outside the
independent city-state outside the border so to call it Lake bill would
border so to call it Lake bill would
border so to call it Lake bill would imply it belonged to Beale
imply it belonged to Beale
imply it belonged to Beale whereas in fact the lake belonged to Ben
whereas in fact the lake belonged to Ben
whereas in fact the lake belonged to Ben so they rechristened it Lake Neda named
so they rechristened it Lake Neda named
so they rechristened it Lake Neda named after the Bernese town of Neda
after the Bernese town of Neda
after the Bernese town of Neda so on this map and pretty much only on
so on this map and pretty much only on
so on this map and pretty much only on this map we have the alternative fact of
this map we have the alternative fact of
this map we have the alternative fact of neat hours a it’s being economical with
neat hours a it’s being economical with
neat hours a it’s being economical with the truth and you might think the Swiss
the truth and you might think the Swiss
the truth and you might think the Swiss never do that but they do when it suits
never do that but they do when it suits
never do that but they do when it suits them and sometimes the truth can
them and sometimes the truth can
them and sometimes the truth can surprise you when it’s the real truth
surprise you when it’s the real truth
surprise you when it’s the real truth what have I told you that the wonderful
what have I told you that the wonderful
what have I told you that the wonderful rail network that we all use here that
rail network that we all use here that
rail network that we all use here that is part of the Swiss national identity
is part of the Swiss national identity
is part of the Swiss national identity was a British creation I know it’s hard
was a British creation I know it’s hard
was a British creation I know it’s hard to believe given the state of British
to believe given the state of British
to believe given the state of British Railways but this is the rail network in
Railways but this is the rail network in
Railways but this is the rail network in 1873 it’s a very important moment in
1873 it’s a very important moment in
1873 it’s a very important moment in Swiss history though it never makes it
Swiss history though it never makes it
Swiss history though it never makes it into the history books
into the history books
into the history books this is the moment when independent
this is the moment when independent
this is the moment when independent travel takes off and mass tourism really
travel takes off and mass tourism really
travel takes off and mass tourism really starts in Switzerland this is the first
starts in Switzerland this is the first
starts in Switzerland this is the first Interrail map of Switzerland it was
Interrail map of Switzerland it was
Interrail map of Switzerland it was published by Thomas Cook who was a real
published by Thomas Cook who was a real
published by Thomas Cook who was a real person before he was a travel agent
person before he was a travel agent
person before he was a travel agent and ten years earlier he had brought the
and ten years earlier he had brought the
and ten years earlier he had brought the first-ever package tour to Switzerland
first-ever package tour to Switzerland
first-ever package tour to Switzerland he didn’t know where he was going he
he didn’t know where he was going he
he didn’t know where he was going he didn’t know how much it would cost he
didn’t know how much it would cost he
didn’t know how much it would cost he didn’t know where they would stay there
didn’t know where they would stay there
didn’t know where they would stay there was a little bit like flying with
was a little bit like flying with
was a little bit like flying with Ryanair 150 years ago but he actually
Ryanair 150 years ago but he actually
Ryanair 150 years ago but he actually made a success and within ten years he
made a success and within ten years he
made a success and within ten years he had set up a travel agency was selling
had set up a travel agency was selling
had set up a travel agency was selling round-the-world tickets had invented
round-the-world tickets had invented
round-the-world tickets had invented traveler’s checks and rail passes and
traveler’s checks and rail passes and
traveler’s checks and rail passes and with them rail maps so his customers
with them rail maps so his customers
with them rail maps so his customers could know where they could go on his
could know where they could go on his
could know where they could go on his tickets it was the moment that mass
tickets it was the moment that mass
tickets it was the moment that mass tourism from Britain took off but
tourism from Britain took off but
tourism from Britain took off but there’s more British elements in the
there’s more British elements in the
there’s more British elements in the rail story than that because a few years
rail story than that because a few years
rail story than that because a few years earlier a man called Robert Stevenson
earlier a man called Robert Stevenson
earlier a man called Robert Stevenson who was son of George Stephenson the
who was son of George Stephenson the
who was son of George Stephenson the original Rocket Man he invented the
original Rocket Man he invented the
original Rocket Man he invented the Stephenson’s rocket he was invited here
Stephenson’s rocket he was invited here
Stephenson’s rocket he was invited here by the Swiss government to build or at
by the Swiss government to build or at
by the Swiss government to build or at least design a Swiss rail network
least design a Swiss rail network
least design a Swiss rail network because at that point Switzerland had
because at that point Switzerland had
because at that point Switzerland had one train line between Zurich and Baden
one train line between Zurich and Baden
one train line between Zurich and Baden it was a long way behind its neighbors
it was a long way behind its neighbors
it was a long way behind its neighbors because the Canton’s could not agree
because the Canton’s could not agree
because the Canton’s could not agree where to build the lines or who should
where to build the lines or who should
where to build the lines or who should pay for them so they just didn’t build
pay for them so they just didn’t build
pay for them so they just didn’t build any nothing changes very quickly in
any nothing changes very quickly in
any nothing changes very quickly in Switzerland so the new federal
Switzerland so the new federal
Switzerland so the new federal government decided we need to start or
government decided we need to start or
government decided we need to start or kickstart this and so they invited
kickstart this and so they invited
kickstart this and so they invited Stevenson here and he created a basic
Stevenson here and he created a basic
Stevenson here and he created a basic plan which served as the blueprint for
plan which served as the blueprint for
plan which served as the blueprint for the rail network we have today it is
the rail network we have today it is
the rail network we have today it is also the reason why Swiss trains run on
also the reason why Swiss trains run on
also the reason why Swiss trains run on the left like in Britain not on the
the left like in Britain not on the
the left like in Britain not on the right like in Germany it is a British
right like in Germany it is a British
right like in Germany it is a British rail system and it’s not the only thing
rail system and it’s not the only thing
rail system and it’s not the only thing the British and the Swiss have in common
the British and the Swiss have in common
the British and the Swiss have in common in a couple of years we will both be
in a couple of years we will both be
in a couple of years we will both be outside the EU
outside the EU
outside the EU and both have no answer as to what we
and both have no answer as to what we
and both have no answer as to what we want to do outside the EU and 75 years
want to do outside the EU and 75 years
want to do outside the EU and 75 years ago we were both beyond the reach of the
ago we were both beyond the reach of the
ago we were both beyond the reach of the Nazis
Nazis
Nazis it’s 1941 the rest of the world is
it’s 1941 the rest of the world is
it’s 1941 the rest of the world is rather busy but the Swiss don’t have too
rather busy but the Swiss don’t have too
rather busy but the Swiss don’t have too much to do except sit on the border and
much to do except sit on the border and
much to do except sit on the border and wait for an invasion that never comes so
wait for an invasion that never comes so
wait for an invasion that never comes so they decide to count their pigs and to
they decide to count their pigs and to
they decide to count their pigs and to make a map I love this map it is so
make a map I love this map it is so
make a map I love this map it is so Swiss because it takes an inherently
Swiss because it takes an inherently
Swiss because it takes an inherently dull subject the national pig census and
dull subject the national pig census and
dull subject the national pig census and turns it into something you can really
turns it into something you can really
turns it into something you can really treasure because there’s so much detail
treasure because there’s so much detail
treasure because there’s so much detail in there the three colors are the main
in there the three colors are the main
in there the three colors are the main breeds of pigs so you can see where they
breeds of pigs so you can see where they
breeds of pigs so you can see where they are within each district there is a
are within each district there is a
are within each district there is a circle which is usually differently
circle which is usually differently
circle which is usually differently colored that is the minority breed in
colored that is the minority breed in
colored that is the minority breed in that district and best of all there is
that district and best of all there is
that district and best of all there is the shiner dicta Carter the pig density
the shiner dicta Carter the pig density
the shiner dicta Carter the pig density map that is on the bottom right and it
map that is on the bottom right and it
map that is on the bottom right and it shows you where the pigs actually lived
shows you where the pigs actually lived
shows you where the pigs actually lived and most of them were alongside Borden
and most of them were alongside Borden
and most of them were alongside Borden say Lake Constance and why wouldn’t you
say Lake Constance and why wouldn’t you
say Lake Constance and why wouldn’t you it’s lovely there now of course there is
it’s lovely there now of course there is
it’s lovely there now of course there is a very serious reason behind this map
a very serious reason behind this map
a very serious reason behind this map Switzerland was isolated was cut off was
Switzerland was isolated was cut off was
Switzerland was isolated was cut off was surrounded by the access powers had to
surrounded by the access powers had to
surrounded by the access powers had to survive alone they needed to know how
survive alone they needed to know how
survive alone they needed to know how much food they had so the Swiss counted
much food they had so the Swiss counted
much food they had so the Swiss counted not only their pigs but chickens goats
not only their pigs but chickens goats
not only their pigs but chickens goats sheep cows horses ducks anything that
sheep cows horses ducks anything that
sheep cows horses ducks anything that could move and be eaten and they made a
could move and be eaten and they made a
could move and be eaten and they made a map for each one
map for each one
map for each one luckily the pig map survived because
luckily the pig map survived because
luckily the pig map survived because this is so much nicer than a table of
this is so much nicer than a table of
this is so much nicer than a table of figures it gives us a real insight into
figures it gives us a real insight into
figures it gives us a real insight into Switzerland in between the wars now you
Switzerland in between the wars now you
Switzerland in between the wars now you have to forget all about pigs
have to forget all about pigs
have to forget all about pigs because the next map is the sex map and
because the next map is the sex map and
because the next map is the sex map and pigs and sex do not belong in the same
pigs and sex do not belong in the same
pigs and sex do not belong in the same headspace
this is mid-1970s start plan for Menna
this is mid-1970s start plan for Menna a city map for men and it was
a city map for men and it was
a city map for men and it was specifically aimed at men both locals
specifically aimed at men both locals
specifically aimed at men both locals and tourists it wasn’t an underground
and tourists it wasn’t an underground
and tourists it wasn’t an underground thing it was sold openly in kiosks this
thing it was sold openly in kiosks this
thing it was sold openly in kiosks this is the fifth edition so it obviously was
is the fifth edition so it obviously was
is the fifth edition so it obviously was relatively successful and it shows you
relatively successful and it shows you
relatively successful and it shows you where to find sex in the city in this
where to find sex in the city in this
where to find sex in the city in this case it’s Urich and the best part I’m
case it’s Urich and the best part I’m
case it’s Urich and the best part I’m sure the reason it sold so well is the
sure the reason it sold so well is the
sure the reason it sold so well is the icons along the right hand side so the
icons along the right hand side so the
icons along the right hand side so the lovely young lady with the long legs and
lovely young lady with the long legs and
lovely young lady with the long legs and the red hair
the red hair
the red hair she is represents the pink areas of the
she is represents the pink areas of the
she is represents the pink areas of the map the young street prostitutes just
map the young street prostitutes just
map the young street prostitutes just next to her is the rather frumpy lady
next to her is the rather frumpy lady
next to her is the rather frumpy lady with the brutal blue-rinse the sagging
with the brutal blue-rinse the sagging
with the brutal blue-rinse the sagging breasts the cigarette in her mouth as
breasts the cigarette in her mouth as
breasts the cigarette in her mouth as the map said this is where prostitutes
the map said this is where prostitutes
the map said this is where prostitutes are somewhat over the hill although it
are somewhat over the hill although it
are somewhat over the hill although it does point out usually cheaper then we
does point out usually cheaper then we
does point out usually cheaper then we have icons to show strip bars gogo shows
have icons to show strip bars gogo shows
have icons to show strip bars gogo shows and also two men hugging to show gay
and also two men hugging to show gay
and also two men hugging to show gay meeting places so this is the mid 70s in
meeting places so this is the mid 70s in
meeting places so this is the mid 70s in conservative Switzerland but relatively
conservative Switzerland but relatively
conservative Switzerland but relatively liberal and progressive but there’s more
liberal and progressive but there’s more
liberal and progressive but there’s more because on the back of the map there are
because on the back of the map there are
because on the back of the map there are guide prices for whatever services you
guide prices for whatever services you
guide prices for whatever services you might want to order in an establishment
might want to order in an establishment
might want to order in an establishment and it says all tried and tested they
and it says all tried and tested they
and it says all tried and tested they will never know how far the researcher
will never know how far the researcher
will never know how far the researcher went in that regard and we really don’t
went in that regard and we really don’t
went in that regard and we really don’t want to know it doesn’t really get much
want to know it doesn’t really get much
want to know it doesn’t really get much more real than a sex map of Zurich
more real than a sex map of Zurich
more real than a sex map of Zurich so sometimes maps do the opposite they
so sometimes maps do the opposite they
so sometimes maps do the opposite they show you something that is an alternate
show you something that is an alternate
show you something that is an alternate reality and it lets us look behind the
reality and it lets us look behind the
reality and it lets us look behind the door labeled what if what if Switzerland
door labeled what if what if Switzerland
door labeled what if what if Switzerland hadn’t always been neutral and peaceful
hadn’t always been neutral and peaceful
hadn’t always been neutral and peaceful it wasn’t always neutral and peaceful
it wasn’t always neutral and peaceful
it wasn’t always neutral and peaceful sometimes it was just like any other
sometimes it was just like any other
sometimes it was just like any other European country it invaded a conquered
European country it invaded a conquered
European country it invaded a conquered it annexed territory so what if
it annexed territory so what if
it annexed territory so what if Switzerland still had all that territory
Switzerland still had all that territory
Switzerland still had all that territory at once conquered this would be
at once conquered this would be
at once conquered this would be Switzerland today a greater Switzerland
Switzerland today a greater Switzerland
Switzerland today a greater Switzerland a Schweitzer ie if you will with 40
a Schweitzer ie if you will with 40
a Schweitzer ie if you will with 40 Canton’s not 26 you can see
Canton’s not 26 you can see
Canton’s not 26 you can see today’s Switzerland at the center with
today’s Switzerland at the center with
today’s Switzerland at the center with the letter codes but the number codes
the letter codes but the number codes
the letter codes but the number codes where the borders have bled into France
where the borders have bled into France
where the borders have bled into France Germany Austria and Italy are the areas
Germany Austria and Italy are the areas
Germany Austria and Italy are the areas that used to be Swiss so in the
that used to be Swiss so in the
that used to be Swiss so in the southeast number two Valtellina was
southeast number two Valtellina was
southeast number two Valtellina was controlled by graubünden for almost 300
controlled by graubünden for almost 300
controlled by graubünden for almost 300 years forcibly taken from them and is
years forcibly taken from them and is
years forcibly taken from them and is now part of Italy the southern shore of
now part of Italy the southern shore of
now part of Italy the southern shore of Lake Geneva was conquered by the Bernese
Lake Geneva was conquered by the Bernese
Lake Geneva was conquered by the Bernese was Swiss for 33 years it’s now part of
was Swiss for 33 years it’s now part of
was Swiss for 33 years it’s now part of France or even number 13 at the top the
France or even number 13 at the top the
France or even number 13 at the top the city state of rot file famous for its
city state of rot file famous for its
city state of rot file famous for its dogs was the Swiss Protectorate for
dogs was the Swiss Protectorate for
dogs was the Swiss Protectorate for almost 200 years but is now German the
almost 200 years but is now German the
almost 200 years but is now German the one exception on that map is in the East
one exception on that map is in the East
one exception on that map is in the East number 15 that is for albergue it was
number 15 that is for albergue it was
number 15 that is for albergue it was never Swiss but it wanted to be that’s a
never Swiss but it wanted to be that’s a
never Swiss but it wanted to be that’s a big distinction at the end of the first
big distinction at the end of the first
big distinction at the end of the first world war
world war
world war Austria was being created from the
Austria was being created from the
Austria was being created from the remnants of the Habsburg Empire and the
remnants of the Habsburg Empire and the
remnants of the Habsburg Empire and the people of for our Berg were given a
people of for our Berg were given a
people of for our Berg were given a choice join the new Austria or become
choice join the new Austria or become
choice join the new Austria or become Swiss there was a referendum and they
Swiss there was a referendum and they
Swiss there was a referendum and they voted overwhelmingly 82 percent to join
voted overwhelmingly 82 percent to join
voted overwhelmingly 82 percent to join Switzerland and why wouldn’t they it was
Switzerland and why wouldn’t they it was
Switzerland and why wouldn’t they it was the best choice and the Swiss said no
the best choice and the Swiss said no
the best choice and the Swiss said no thanks
not just because they’re Austrian but
not just because they’re Austrian but also because it was a large Catholic
also because it was a large Catholic
also because it was a large Catholic german-speaking province that would be a
german-speaking province that would be a
german-speaking province that would be a Canton
Canton
Canton it would upset this very delicate
it would upset this very delicate
it would upset this very delicate balance which was much more important
balance which was much more important
balance which was much more important than than now between religion Catholic
than than now between religion Catholic
than than now between religion Catholic Protestant and between the four national
Protestant and between the four national
Protestant and between the four national languages so they were determined not to
languages so they were determined not to
languages so they were determined not to have for Albert as a Canton the Allies
have for Albert as a Canton the Allies
have for Albert as a Canton the Allies backed them up because they were worried
backed them up because they were worried
backed them up because they were worried that the new Austria would not be a
that the new Austria would not be a
that the new Austria would not be a viable state without four Albert was it
viable state without four Albert was it
viable state without four Albert was it so much land and so the people were
so much land and so the people were
so much land and so the people were ignored even in the home of direct
ignored even in the home of direct
ignored even in the home of direct democracy referendums are not written in
democracy referendums are not written in
democracy referendums are not written in stone they can be changed
stone they can be changed
stone they can be changed Britain please take note so we have seen
Britain please take note so we have seen
Britain please take note so we have seen that maps can do lots of things they can
that maps can do lots of things they can
that maps can do lots of things they can lie to us or they can tell us the truth
lie to us or they can tell us the truth
lie to us or they can tell us the truth they can show us geography and history
they can show us geography and history
they can show us geography and history they can show us futures or paths that
they can show us futures or paths that
they can show us futures or paths that never happened with these six maps we
never happened with these six maps we
never happened with these six maps we have managed to see fake news in the
have managed to see fake news in the
have managed to see fake news in the 17th century and the EU in the 15th
17th century and the EU in the 15th
17th century and the EU in the 15th century we’ve heard about British Rail
century we’ve heard about British Rail
century we’ve heard about British Rail in the Alps and Sex in the City we’ve
in the Alps and Sex in the City we’ve
in the Alps and Sex in the City we’ve seen pigs in wartime and we’ve seen a
seen pigs in wartime and we’ve seen a
seen pigs in wartime and we’ve seen a Switzerland that never existed I hope
Switzerland that never existed I hope
Switzerland that never existed I hope you agree with me that through these
you agree with me that through these
you agree with me that through these maps you’ll never look at Switzerland
maps you’ll never look at Switzerland
maps you’ll never look at Switzerland the same way again thank you
the same way again thank you
the same way again thank you [Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause] you
”
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