3D metal printing – how to build your own vacation place? | Der-Liang Yung | TEDxTartu

so what do you think about when you look

so what do you think about when you look at that picture how big do you think

at that picture how big do you think

at that picture how big do you think that is are you just wondering if

that is are you just wondering if

that is are you just wondering if they’re just blocks

they’re just blocks

they’re just blocks are you looking at the holes and

are you looking at the holes and

are you looking at the holes and different shapes can you imagine them to

different shapes can you imagine them to

different shapes can you imagine them to be skyscrapers in a metropolis what have

be skyscrapers in a metropolis what have

be skyscrapers in a metropolis what have I told you it was a city out there made

I told you it was a city out there made

I told you it was a city out there made completely of metal would you believe me

completely of metal would you believe me

completely of metal would you believe me I admit I was skeptical at first but

I admit I was skeptical at first but

I admit I was skeptical at first but then as a person who loves to travel who

then as a person who loves to travel who

then as a person who loves to travel who has already visited 46 countries around

has already visited 46 countries around

has already visited 46 countries around the world any time I could get or I

the world any time I could get or I

the world any time I could get or I could go to a new place that’s something

could go to a new place that’s something

could go to a new place that’s something to think about that’s something I’ll be

to think about that’s something I’ll be

to think about that’s something I’ll be interested in so ladies and gentlemen

interested in so ladies and gentlemen

interested in so ladies and gentlemen let me introduce you to the city of

let me introduce you to the city of

let me introduce you to the city of Minneapolis there I am there as someone

Minneapolis there I am there as someone

Minneapolis there I am there as someone who likes to travel I love to take

who likes to travel I love to take

who likes to travel I love to take selfies and Here I am right in the city

selfies and Here I am right in the city

selfies and Here I am right in the city and the monopolist city it’s a city that

and the monopolist city it’s a city that

and the monopolist city it’s a city that really emphasizes engineering if you

really emphasizes engineering if you

really emphasizes engineering if you look at the curves and the bends and all

look at the curves and the bends and all

look at the curves and the bends and all the skyscrapers and the spires you

the skyscrapers and the spires you

the skyscrapers and the spires you notice that they have shapes that only

notice that they have shapes that only

notice that they have shapes that only occur in nature not exactly in

occur in nature not exactly in

occur in nature not exactly in architecture it isn’t it may be just the

architecture it isn’t it may be just the

architecture it isn’t it may be just the city but it is a city that’s kind of off

city but it is a city that’s kind of off

city but it is a city that’s kind of off the beaten track and as I was exploring

the beaten track and as I was exploring

the beaten track and as I was exploring the city I also came upon the the Grand

the city I also came upon the the Grand

the city I also came upon the the Grand Library of medea Palace and this is

Library of medea Palace and this is

Library of medea Palace and this is where they have this vast repository of

where they have this vast repository of

where they have this vast repository of knowledge every single computer design

knowledge every single computer design

knowledge every single computer design file that was used to create the

file that was used to create the

file that was used to create the structures in Minneapolis are stored

structures in Minneapolis are stored

structures in Minneapolis are stored here it’s not only just an archive but

here it’s not only just an archive but

here it’s not only just an archive but an inspiration for all future design

an inspiration for all future design

an inspiration for all future design works and continuing along my my travels

works and continuing along my my travels

works and continuing along my my travels I I was also lucky enough to visit the

I I was also lucky enough to visit the

I I was also lucky enough to visit the great concert hall of MIDI appleís word

great concert hall of MIDI appleís word

great concert hall of MIDI appleís word had it that the this the heavy metal

had it that the this the heavy metal

had it that the this the heavy metal band steel tempest they perform here

band steel tempest they perform here

band steel tempest they perform here last night brought everybody to their

last night brought everybody to their

last night brought everybody to their feet now yes I’m trying to show you

feet now yes I’m trying to show you

feet now yes I’m trying to show you travel pictures and I’m playing with

travel pictures and I’m playing with

travel pictures and I’m playing with your perception and imagination of scale

your perception and imagination of scale

your perception and imagination of scale in size but I also wanted to wrap up

in size but I also wanted to wrap up

in size but I also wanted to wrap up your imagination it’s not all deception

your imagination it’s not all deception

your imagination it’s not all deception everything I just showed you all the

everything I just showed you all the

everything I just showed you all the metallic structures they’re very much

metallic structures they’re very much

metallic structures they’re very much real and they all showcase the

real and they all showcase the

real and they all showcase the technology behind 3d printing or more

technology behind 3d printing or more

technology behind 3d printing or more specifically through the metal printing

specifically through the metal printing

specifically through the metal printing now 3d printing is nothing new I mean if

now 3d printing is nothing new I mean if

now 3d printing is nothing new I mean if you google or if you go on YouTube and

you google or if you go on YouTube and

you google or if you go on YouTube and you find you you text you you put in a

you find you you text you you put in a

you find you you text you you put in a 3d printing you’ll find talks or TED

3d printing you’ll find talks or TED

3d printing you’ll find talks or TED talks on printing plastics printing

talks on printing plastics printing

talks on printing plastics printing organs printing clothes printing food

organs printing clothes printing food

organs printing clothes printing food there’s even a talk on 4d printing where

there’s even a talk on 4d printing where

there’s even a talk on 4d printing where the fourth dimension is time this is an

the fourth dimension is time this is an

the fourth dimension is time this is an example of a plastic arm that was 3d

example of a plastic arm that was 3d

example of a plastic arm that was 3d printed it was made by an organization

printed it was made by an organization

printed it was made by an organization called enabling the future and this

called enabling the future and this

called enabling the future and this particular particular arm is meant for

particular particular arm is meant for

particular particular arm is meant for kids it had it has to be cheap and

kids it had it has to be cheap and

kids it had it has to be cheap and durable actually have plastic arm right

durable actually have plastic arm right

durable actually have plastic arm right here it’s so it was printed in parts the

here it’s so it was printed in parts the

here it’s so it was printed in parts the fingers and the thumb and then you have

fingers and the thumb and then you have

fingers and the thumb and then you have these elastic strings that attach and a

these elastic strings that attach and a

these elastic strings that attach and a kid would put his risk in here and by

kid would put his risk in here and by

kid would put his risk in here and by moving the risk you’ll be able to move

moving the risk you’ll be able to move

moving the risk you’ll be able to move the fingers in the thumb so in theory

the fingers in the thumb so in theory

the fingers in the thumb so in theory you should be able to grab something

you should be able to grab something

you should be able to grab something with it it’s quite minimal but imagine

with it it’s quite minimal but imagine

with it it’s quite minimal but imagine what you could do if this was stronger

what you could do if this was stronger

what you could do if this was stronger and more durable and more reliable if

and more durable and more reliable if

and more durable and more reliable if you can make something like that now

you can make something like that now

you can make something like that now this is from the Terminator 2 movie of

this is from the Terminator 2 movie of

this is from the Terminator 2 movie of course you can all recognize that but

course you can all recognize that but

course you can all recognize that but this also showcases the potential for 3d

this also showcases the potential for 3d

this also showcases the potential for 3d printing and Tallinn University of

printing and Tallinn University of

printing and Tallinn University of Technology we possess the

Technology we possess the

Technology we possess the first and only metal 3d printer in

first and only metal 3d printer in

first and only metal 3d printer in Estonia and all and it’s used mainly for

Estonia and all and it’s used mainly for

Estonia and all and it’s used mainly for research and developments in our

research and developments in our

research and developments in our Institute and with 3d printing the

Institute and with 3d printing the

Institute and with 3d printing the beauty of it is that you’re only limited

beauty of it is that you’re only limited

beauty of it is that you’re only limited by your imagination unlike plastic

by your imagination unlike plastic

by your imagination unlike plastic printing which uses a printer head to

printing which uses a printer head to

printing which uses a printer head to extrude plastic onto to build something

extrude plastic onto to build something

extrude plastic onto to build something layer by layer 3d metal printing uses a

layer by layer 3d metal printing uses a

layer by layer 3d metal printing uses a laser to etch or melt powder and then

laser to etch or melt powder and then

laser to etch or melt powder and then build something layer by layer but it’s

build something layer by layer but it’s

build something layer by layer but it’s probably easier if I just demonstrate

probably easier if I just demonstrate

probably easier if I just demonstrate and show you so in the video you see

and show you so in the video you see

and show you so in the video you see that there is a circular disc and that

that there is a circular disc and that

that there is a circular disc and that circular disc holds your sample so what

circular disc holds your sample so what

circular disc holds your sample so what happens is that this sweeper comes along

happens is that this sweeper comes along

happens is that this sweeper comes along and sweeps a layer of powder so it’s

and sweeps a layer of powder so it’s

and sweeps a layer of powder so it’s usually metal powder and then the laser

usually metal powder and then the laser

usually metal powder and then the laser comes and melts the powder at specific

comes and melts the powder at specific

comes and melts the powder at specific areas so you see the laser melting the

areas so you see the laser melting the

areas so you see the laser melting the powder and as the powder melts it

powder and as the powder melts it

powder and as the powder melts it adheres and forms a new layer onto your

adheres and forms a new layer onto your

adheres and forms a new layer onto your product and the process repeats itself

product and the process repeats itself

product and the process repeats itself so okay so okay and your product is

so okay so okay and your product is

so okay so okay and your product is created from the bottom up so layer by

created from the bottom up so layer by

created from the bottom up so layer by layer until your product your final

layer until your product your final

layer until your product your final product is produced and with this

product is produced and with this

product is produced and with this technology you could produce many

technology you could produce many

technology you could produce many different designs and orientations and

different designs and orientations and

different designs and orientations and shapes different overhangs and this is

shapes different overhangs and this is

shapes different overhangs and this is the final product

the final product

the final product you sweep away the excess powder and the

you sweep away the excess powder and the

you sweep away the excess powder and the struts and there you have it now some

struts and there you have it now some

struts and there you have it now some people get the illusion that 3d printing

people get the illusion that 3d printing

people get the illusion that 3d printing is is meant for mass production but

is is meant for mass production but

is is meant for mass production but that’s not exactly the case what 3d

that’s not exactly the case what 3d

that’s not exactly the case what 3d printing offers is the ability to aquick

printing offers is the ability to aquick

printing offers is the ability to aquick lee and efficiently customize and

lee and efficiently customize and

lee and efficiently customize and they’ll build customized and complex

they’ll build customized and complex

they’ll build customized and complex models it’s something called rapid

models it’s something called rapid

models it’s something called rapid prototyping and what that means is that

prototyping and what that means is that

prototyping and what that means is that pretend you have an idea and you want to

pretend you have an idea and you want to

pretend you have an idea and you want to make that transform that idea physical

make that transform that idea physical

make that transform that idea physical into the physical world

into the physical world

into the physical world that’s what 3d printing allows you to do

that’s what 3d printing allows you to do

that’s what 3d printing allows you to do to allow you to build small batches of

to allow you to build small batches of

to allow you to build small batches of objects and products that you have made

objects and products that you have made

objects and products that you have made on the computer into real life and with

on the computer into real life and with

on the computer into real life and with that you will be able to gauge whether

that you will be able to gauge whether

that you will be able to gauge whether the material works or not whether your

the material works or not whether your

the material works or not whether your idea is feasible or not or viable or not

idea is feasible or not or viable or not

idea is feasible or not or viable or not but let me give you three examples of

but let me give you three examples of

but let me give you three examples of the research that’s going on at at DTU

the research that’s going on at at DTU

the research that’s going on at at DTU so remember back to the skyscrapers of

so remember back to the skyscrapers of

so remember back to the skyscrapers of Madiha palace well these are actually

Madiha palace well these are actually

Madiha palace well these are actually samples that my colleague made and he

samples that my colleague made and he

samples that my colleague made and he was trying to study stainless steel grid

was trying to study stainless steel grid

was trying to study stainless steel grid structures and he was researching the

structures and he was researching the

structures and he was researching the production time of the laser so remember

production time of the laser so remember

production time of the laser so remember and 3d printing you have a laser that

and 3d printing you have a laser that

and 3d printing you have a laser that tries to melt the powder and create

tries to melt the powder and create

tries to melt the powder and create something layer upon layer now the

something layer upon layer now the

something layer upon layer now the struts that make up the yeah there we go

struts that make up the yeah there we go

struts that make up the yeah there we go so the struts that make up the the

so the struts that make up the the

so the struts that make up the the structure they’re approximately 200

structure they’re approximately 200

structure they’re approximately 200 microns in diameter that’s about the

microns in diameter that’s about the

microns in diameter that’s about the diameter of a human hair and of course

diameter of a human hair and of course

diameter of a human hair and of course when you’re using the laser it has a

when you’re using the laser it has a

when you’re using the laser it has a specific time that goes that that forms

specific time that goes that that forms

specific time that goes that that forms the de layer if you spend too much time

the de layer if you spend too much time

the de layer if you spend too much time maybe two if you spend too little time

maybe two if you spend too little time

maybe two if you spend too little time on your product so if you make it very

on your product so if you make it very

on your product so if you make it very quickly you would get products that’s or

quickly you would get products that’s or

quickly you would get products that’s or struts that are too thin so you have

struts that are too thin so you have

struts that are too thin so you have poor quality products if you spend too

poor quality products if you spend too

poor quality products if you spend too much time on the product on the lasering

much time on the product on the lasering

much time on the product on the lasering then you would have wasted a lot of time

then you would have wasted a lot of time

then you would have wasted a lot of time because as the adage goes in industry

because as the adage goes in industry

because as the adage goes in industry time is money so my colleague what he

time is money so my colleague what he

time is money so my colleague what he found out was that in between those two

found out was that in between those two

found out was that in between those two times of zero point zero zero zero two

times of zero point zero zero zero two

times of zero point zero zero zero two seconds and zero point zero zero two

seconds and zero point zero zero two

seconds and zero point zero zero two seconds the optimum time is actually in

seconds the optimum time is actually in

seconds the optimum time is actually in between somewhere around 900 micro

between somewhere around 900 micro

between somewhere around 900 micro second micron seconds or microseconds so

second micron seconds or microseconds so

second micron seconds or microseconds so 0.0009 seconds the next example has to

0.0009 seconds the next example has to

0.0009 seconds the next example has to do with this watch now this beauty about

do with this watch now this beauty about

do with this watch now this beauty about stainless steel stainless steel watches

stainless steel stainless steel watches

stainless steel stainless steel watches are great but the main component of

are great but the main component of

are great but the main component of stainless steel is nickel

stainless steel is nickel

stainless steel is nickel you’ll find nickel everywhere nickel is

you’ll find nickel everywhere nickel is

you’ll find nickel everywhere nickel is common with utensils with electronics

common with utensils with electronics

common with utensils with electronics even this Flass just a second Cheers but

even this Flass just a second Cheers but

even this Flass just a second Cheers but the thing with nickel is that it’s also

the thing with nickel is that it’s also

the thing with nickel is that it’s also a carcinogen it’s harmful has a certain

a carcinogen it’s harmful has a certain

a carcinogen it’s harmful has a certain toxicity to humans and the research my

toxicity to humans and the research my

toxicity to humans and the research my colleague was doing his was that he was

colleague was doing his was that he was

colleague was doing his was that he was trying to replace the nickel in the

trying to replace the nickel in the

trying to replace the nickel in the stainless steel watch now nickel

stainless steel watch now nickel

stainless steel watch now nickel provides wear resistance and durability

provides wear resistance and durability

provides wear resistance and durability to the material if we take that out then

to the material if we take that out then

to the material if we take that out then the watch isn’t that where isn’t that

the watch isn’t that where isn’t that

the watch isn’t that where isn’t that durable anymore but with 3d printing he

durable anymore but with 3d printing he

durable anymore but with 3d printing he was able to test various compositions in

was able to test various compositions in

was able to test various compositions in in various chemical compositions in the

in various chemical compositions in the

in various chemical compositions in the watch so eventually what he found was

watch so eventually what he found was

watch so eventually what he found was that if he added just 0.1% of titanium

that if he added just 0.1% of titanium

that if he added just 0.1% of titanium carbide to the stainless steel watch and

carbide to the stainless steel watch and

carbide to the stainless steel watch and titanium carbide is a bio biocompatible

titanium carbide is a bio biocompatible

titanium carbide is a bio biocompatible ceramic he was able to be completely

ceramic he was able to be completely

ceramic he was able to be completely replace the nickel and still maintain

replace the nickel and still maintain

replace the nickel and still maintain the watches durability wear resistance

the watches durability wear resistance

the watches durability wear resistance and hardness and of course he was also

and hardness and of course he was also

and hardness and of course he was also able to create the final prototype so my

able to create the final prototype so my

able to create the final prototype so my next example in my final example is this

next example in my final example is this

next example in my final example is this Argentinian patient now he suffered a

Argentinian patient now he suffered a

Argentinian patient now he suffered a very severe stroke and he needed a brain

very severe stroke and he needed a brain

very severe stroke and he needed a brain surgery an evasive brain surgery at that

surgery an evasive brain surgery at that

surgery an evasive brain surgery at that but the surgery would end up leaving

but the surgery would end up leaving

but the surgery would end up leaving a sizeable hole in this skull which is

a sizeable hole in this skull which is

a sizeable hole in this skull which is kind of a problem and so he needed a

kind of a problem and so he needed a

kind of a problem and so he needed a prosthetic catch and this patch had to

prosthetic catch and this patch had to

prosthetic catch and this patch had to fulfill certain requirements it had to

fulfill certain requirements it had to

fulfill certain requirements it had to have certain properties it had to be

have certain properties it had to be

have certain properties it had to be very it had to have very little heat

very it had to have very little heat

very it had to have very little heat conductivity you don’t want to have your

conductivity you don’t want to have your

conductivity you don’t want to have your head in the Sun and have your brain fry

head in the Sun and have your brain fry

head in the Sun and have your brain fry in your skull it had to be biocompatible

in your skull it had to be biocompatible

in your skull it had to be biocompatible you didn’t want to get poisoned and it

you didn’t want to get poisoned and it

you didn’t want to get poisoned and it had to be durable because it had to have

had to be durable because it had to have

had to be durable because it had to have bone the

bone the

bone the the rest of the bone grow around it so a

the rest of the bone grow around it so a

the rest of the bone grow around it so a group of researchers from Germany they

group of researchers from Germany they

group of researchers from Germany they went about creating this patch and the

went about creating this patch and the

went about creating this patch and the first thing they did was to do a 3d scan

first thing they did was to do a 3d scan

first thing they did was to do a 3d scan put it into a computer and start

put it into a computer and start

put it into a computer and start designing the patch and they eventually

designing the patch and they eventually

designing the patch and they eventually use a titanium alloy and 3d printed the

use a titanium alloy and 3d printed the

use a titanium alloy and 3d printed the human skull patch and the implants was

human skull patch and the implants was

human skull patch and the implants was like chainmail it had the same

like chainmail it had the same

like chainmail it had the same consistency as chainmail but a contoured

consistency as chainmail but a contoured

consistency as chainmail but a contoured perfectly to the guy’s skull and it met

perfectly to the guy’s skull and it met

perfectly to the guy’s skull and it met all the strict medical and mechanical

all the strict medical and mechanical

all the strict medical and mechanical requirements of toxicity of porosity of

requirements of toxicity of porosity of

requirements of toxicity of porosity of stability so the actual printing part in

stability so the actual printing part in

stability so the actual printing part in fact took only a few hours less than a

fact took only a few hours less than a

fact took only a few hours less than a day most of the time was actually spent

day most of the time was actually spent

day most of the time was actually spent on the 3d scanning and the shipping to

on the 3d scanning and the shipping to

on the 3d scanning and the shipping to the to the guy in South America and of

the to the guy in South America and of

the to the guy in South America and of course the design on the computer now

course the design on the computer now

course the design on the computer now the beauty of having metal printed parts

the beauty of having metal printed parts

the beauty of having metal printed parts is that they are mechanically durable

is that they are mechanically durable

is that they are mechanically durable consider the human body it was designed

consider the human body it was designed

consider the human body it was designed we are designed for movement the degrees

we are designed for movement the degrees

we are designed for movement the degrees of motion and all that puts considerable

of motion and all that puts considerable

of motion and all that puts considerable stresses on our bones not on our body

stresses on our bones not on our body

stresses on our bones not on our body and that is why 3d metal printing has

and that is why 3d metal printing has

and that is why 3d metal printing has been successfully applied to other parts

been successfully applied to other parts

been successfully applied to other parts of the body in the form of jaw implants

of the body in the form of jaw implants

of the body in the form of jaw implants spinal disc implants in hip joints in

spinal disc implants in hip joints in

spinal disc implants in hip joints in all these parts of the human body need

all these parts of the human body need

all these parts of the human body need to withstand considerable forces and

to withstand considerable forces and

to withstand considerable forces and have mechanical flexibility but they

have mechanical flexibility but they

have mechanical flexibility but they also have to have a very customized fit

also have to have a very customized fit

also have to have a very customized fit because of course we are all unique and

because of course we are all unique and

because of course we are all unique and this is where 3d printing of metals can

this is where 3d printing of metals can

this is where 3d printing of metals can easily supplant the usual 3d printing

easily supplant the usual 3d printing

easily supplant the usual 3d printing using plastics so just like 3d printing

using plastics so just like 3d printing

using plastics so just like 3d printing using plastics for metal 3d printing the

using plastics for metal 3d printing the

using plastics for metal 3d printing the future of it is definitely towards

future of it is definitely towards

future of it is definitely towards faster production rates and cheaper

faster production rates and cheaper

faster production rates and cheaper production rates the industries that

production rates the industries that

production rates the industries that that push this technology is definitely

that push this technology is definitely

that push this technology is definitely in the automotive industry the aerospace

in the automotive industry the aerospace

in the automotive industry the aerospace industry

industry

industry in the medical field and yes right now

in the medical field and yes right now

in the medical field and yes right now most of this R&D stuff more most of this

most of this R&D stuff more most of this

most of this R&D stuff more most of this technology is still in the realm of

technology is still in the realm of

technology is still in the realm of Industry it’s still in the realm of

Industry it’s still in the realm of

Industry it’s still in the realm of university or institutional research and

university or institutional research and

university or institutional research and development but there is hope I mean

development but there is hope I mean

development but there is hope I mean just like its predecessor its hope that

just like its predecessor its hope that

just like its predecessor its hope that one day soon 3d printing will become

one day soon 3d printing will become

one day soon 3d printing will become just like any other household technology

just like any other household technology

just like any other household technology and maybe then we could all have a

and maybe then we could all have a

and maybe then we could all have a little fun we could all fulfill our

little fun we could all fulfill our

little fun we could all fulfill our imaginations and we can all visit the

imaginations and we can all visit the

imaginations and we can all visit the wonderful city of Metropolis thank you

wonderful city of Metropolis thank you

wonderful city of Metropolis thank you very much

very much

very much [Applause]