cool the world in a way
ecological and no is not this apparatus of
here what you see here is a botijo of
ceramic that is very usual in my
earth because even if you do not believe it for me
worked northern accent
I am specifically ANDALUSIA g
and in this area these devices are
they use to fill us with water and as
they have an auto mechanism
Cooling cools it and that is that they are
made of a very porous ceramic
that allows to filter small drops of
water from inside the botijo to the
outside forming as a thin layer of
dew and is thin layer of water in
Contact with warm and dry air
typical of the south evaporates by cooling the
inside
this is a process is a very
similar to what happens when we lie down
alcohol in your hand and this alcohol is going
per hour and we notice a certain cold is a
simple mechanism truth then I of
Little did not know this and I thought
that the botijo of my house was very ugly was
very bland was very very Marro and I thought
very good idea painted colors
cheerful red yellow green blue and
also steal or p
I was beautiful the problem is that without
know this layer of paint and varnish
it was sealed all the towns of
botijo and then the water could no longer
filter outwards and the botijo
I could not cool
unintentionally he had broken his mechanism of
self-cooling you can already imagine the
face of my parents when I showed him my
artwork
fortunately we were able to continue having
cold water at home thanks to the fridge
and is that artificial cooling today
in day is everywhere has
revolutionized our way of
communicate with the world of
relate to the environment
now for example we can store
food at home for much longer
thanks to the refrigerators and in the
freezers we can drive
comfortably a summer afternoon thanks
to the air conditioning of the cars
we can even build cities in
desert areas or contemplate
extremely high hard as is the
case of las vegas
dubai ourense
nowadays artificial refrigeration
it’s so important that more than 20 per
percent of the world’s energy consumption is
dedicate to it is to say more than a fifth
part of all the energy that we consume
in the world is dedicated to cool our
food our lives medicines our
electronic car homes
and of course we can not use botijos to
cool all this then how
Cooling machines work
today all these machines are going to
work in a very similar way to
or the way in which the
refrigerators that we have at home and the
refrigerators that work the ones we have in
house works thanks to that in your
interior has a refrigerant gas
this refrigerant gas inside of
the refrigerator is undergoing a process
Continuous compression and decompression
whereby when the fridge with
first gas is supplying a
pressure is supplying you a
energy that is transformed into heat and
this heat is released to the outside by
the back of the refrigerator
why the back of our
Refrigerators is always hot
now when the refrigerator decompresses the
gas when it is removed the pressure
removing an energy and then the can
it cools down and that’s when the gas is cold
when it can be used to absorb
heat from the inside of our fridge and
refrigerated and our food
in other words by this process
cyclical compression and decompression
we are redirecting the heat of
inside of the refrigerator to the outside
the problem of these refrigerant gases
is that as all gases escape
easily to the atmosphere and it’s not the
first time these gases to the supposed
a serious problem for the environment
sure that all of you will remember the
ozone layer hole
but for who do not let me cool
the memory you get it cool seven
scientists well the ozone is a gas
let it protect us from radiation
ultraviolet which is a very radiation
harmful to both plants and
animals as for the human being is more
nowadays ultraviolet radiation is
the main cause of skin cancer
because this is the ozone layer that
protected our planet in 1979 and
because I put you this year because in this
year it was discovered that gases
refrigerants that were used in the
refrigerators of that time were
damaging the ozone layer
in the face of that discovery
scientists from around the world followed
these investigations until
finally they managed to convince
governments and industries that is not easy
that the cooling gases that are
used at that time were
damaging our environment they were
damaging our ozone layer was eight
years later in 1987 when a
global protocol called protocol
montreal through which the
use of these refrigerant gases
however it was too late this
is the hole in the ozone layer that
same year despite the fact that these gases
withdrawn from the market quickly has not
been until September 2016
almost 30 years later when it has
observed that this hole is being
closing and therefore today as I have
said almost 30 years later this hole
it’s still too big
the gases responsible for this deterioration
of the ozone layer are the known
as chlorofluorocarbons or cfc is a
from their prohibition were
replaced by hydrofluorocarbons
hfc is where the chlorine that is the element
What is more damaging not only to our
atmosphere was replaced by the
hydrogen and now these new gases
refrigerants these hfc is no longer
contribute to the deterioration of the layer
ozone
the problem is that we have observed that
these new gases do contribute to the
global warming
scientists, let’s focus
this is global warming has
experienced our planet from the
year 86
adds that all three times were banned
until the present year 2016 that are the
latest annual data of which
has a record
waiting for the 2017 data the
different colors blue and red
show the temperature variation
on the earth’s surface
in relation to the average temperature
registered between the years 1951 and 1980
which is the temperature that you have as
reference
as you can see 2016
in many areas you will reach a
increase in temperature up
two degrees centigrade and this between
other things is an increase in the
thawing of the poles and therefore
also an increase in the rise of
sea level and on the other hand an increase
in the drought inside the
continents and therefore also a
increase in the number of fires as
registered here in Galicia and
portugal in recent months
and eye this does not mean that these
new gases hfc is to be the main
responsible for global warming
What is certain is that one ton
of one of these gases
has a warming potential
global equivalent of 1,300 tons
of co2 and for all this the european union
has decided to ban these new gases
refrigerants for 2020
The drawback is that today
there is an ecological alternative and
sustainable to replace those and this is
2018 2019 and 2020
we only have three years left to
develop new materials that
substitute this sanchez is also the
options that are most often considered today
are on the one hand the maniató that is a
liquid very toxic to humans and
on the other hand the hydrocarbons that are
flammable gases and I think here we are
is escaping the question again
what could we do now maybe it would be
it is really necessary to use gases
contaminants or explosive liquids
liquids that are dangerous to
refrigerate the fridge that we have at home
and if we use for example a solid a
solid material house in a material
solid
he could no longer escape to the atmosphere and
that also was not polluting and
dangerous an exclusive a priori is
true that it seems counterintuitive
imagine a solid that is compressed
easily and that also when compressed
Refrigerate tested with first trophy
war
it is not easy the case is that if it exists
this type of materials exist
solid materials that are very sensitive
in the face of pressure and that in addition to
put them under pressure they will exercise a
cooling effect and these
solid materials is called materials
caloric and an example we have it
let me search through my pockets
in the bed of the globe but I’m
thinking now and the answer is yes
I always leave the house with a package of
nails
you never know when you can have a
surprise birthday well to prove
the cooling effect of the balloon
He has also brought a thermal camera that
is a camera that records the
temperature of the environment
here for example is a photograph of
tap of my house every with this camera
where the hot water is about 45
degrees Celsius
a yellow color appears and the rest of the
environment that is about 22 degrees
centigrade appears in more blue color
bluish
then this camera to record
high temperatures of a reddish color
yellow and the lowest temperatures of
colors with more bluish tones now
will wear this balloon and in doing so they are
supplying an energy that is
transforms the yellow balloon into heat and
this heat is released little by little to the
atmosphere every time again it goes
becoming more blue and now acquitted
balloon
the balloon withdraws the energy and then
it cools it turns dark blue
if I do this in a cyclical way I’m going to
can heat and cool the balloon
in such a way that I can take advantage of this
mechanism to redirect the heat of the
inside of the refrigerator to the outside
how refrigerant gases did
the problem of these materials like the
polymer from which the balloon is made is
that are very fragile in the face of fatigue
that is, after a period of use
they end up breaking
to solve this problem it
they designed other caloric materials to
Base of metals or metal alloys
that resists fatigue much better but
that now they are going to need pressure is
much taller to work and these
pressures are placed above the
1,000 bar and that’s a thousand bar is not much
It’s not what many of you are thinking
right now marc is the pressure that
they would exercise 33 elephants 33 elephants
on the screen of your phone
mobile and this is precisely not a
pressure very easy to handle
He also has a herd of elephants
to cool the fridge well
on the other hand the pressures that yes
we manage in our daily lives go
from a bar that is the pressure that
we can exercise when manipulating objects by
example the mobile phone screen
up to the prison of 100 bar which is the
pressure that a heel would exert on
walk on the ground in galicia we have
designed we have developed a family
of solid materials that have a large
cooling potential that are going to be
very resistant to fatigue and that also
they work in a range of pressures very
below 2,000 bar and this range of
pressures is between 10 and 100 bar and
besides that range of pressures to which
can work the refrigerators that we have
at home today
but not only this but these
materials are also going to be economical
They are going to be easy to manufacture to great
scale
they were going to be ecological and being a solid
they will not be able to play towards
atmosphere but now we do not want
stay here we want to go beyond
we want to reduce the work pressure
necessary to cool these materials
if we want to reduce the below the
10 Mar
because if we get this we could
use the pressure that we exert with
our own body to cool these
materials and so we would have a new
range of possibilities for example the
Your mobile phone’s battery has
an approximate duration of 24 48 hours and
part of this problem is due to the
overheating in the device
you imagine a screen made with
this
materials that simply with the fact
of typing send a message or play
a video game we were cooling the
phone we would avoid the
overheating and we would increase the
battery life
another application would be for rne is that
are now very fashionable and is that
we could make shoes that
simply with the pressure exerted by the
foot to run on the ground were
self cooling in this way
we maintain a much more temperature
nice standing
we avoid overheating the foot and
we would save a lot of money without
odor templates but it’s more for
those who are hottest in bed
imagined a cork that simply with
the movement of the body cools down
regulate the temperature and improving the
rest but if we do not stay here
and if we go further and if we could
cool entire buildings simply
with the pressure exerted by our foot on
walk on the ground
you imagine the energy savings that
this would mean today a
Ecological and sustainable refrigeration is
possible and now more than ever is
necessary because you remember the botijo of
my story from the beginning because this one
botijo is our planet and unwittingly
we have been covering it with a thin
layer of gas is that just like I did
with the thin layer of paint and barry
over the botijo is destroying its
self-cooling system and every time
we are overheating our more
planet
now is the time to stop the
global warming
now is the time to decide how
we want to cool the world in 2020
thank you very much
laws
[Music]
”
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