to understand how some prey animals see differently than we do let’s play a game
differently than we do let’s play a game
differently than we do let’s play a game tilt your head and body to the side what
tilt your head and body to the side what
tilt your head and body to the side what happens
happens
happens everything looks sideways kind of
everything looks sideways kind of
everything looks sideways kind of obvious well for one scientist it turns
obvious well for one scientist it turns
obvious well for one scientist it turns out that this little problem of our eye
out that this little problem of our eye
out that this little problem of our eye not rotating very much in our head was
not rotating very much in our head was
not rotating very much in our head was the answer to an evolutionary puzzle no
the answer to an evolutionary puzzle no
the answer to an evolutionary puzzle no one had ever cracked dr. Marty banks and
one had ever cracked dr. Marty banks and
one had ever cracked dr. Marty banks and dr. William sprig are taking us to the
dr. William sprig are taking us to the
dr. William sprig are taking us to the San Francisco Zoo they are on the hunt
San Francisco Zoo they are on the hunt
San Francisco Zoo they are on the hunt to understand why some animals have
to understand why some animals have
to understand why some animals have different-shaped pupils and how their
different-shaped pupils and how their
different-shaped pupils and how their pupil shape helps them survive the pupil
pupil shape helps them survive the pupil
pupil shape helps them survive the pupil is the actual hole in our eye that lets
is the actual hole in our eye that lets
is the actual hole in our eye that lets light bounce to receptors in the back of
light bounce to receptors in the back of
light bounce to receptors in the back of our eye those receptors then send
our eye those receptors then send
our eye those receptors then send signals to our brain to be processed
signals to our brain to be processed
signals to our brain to be processed it’s kind of like a camera that has an
it’s kind of like a camera that has an
it’s kind of like a camera that has an aperture where you can open and close it
aperture where you can open and close it
aperture where you can open and close it to let more or less light in while
to let more or less light in while
to let more or less light in while collecting pictures of different pupil
collecting pictures of different pupil
collecting pictures of different pupil shapes Marty noticed something that no
shapes Marty noticed something that no
shapes Marty noticed something that no one else had ever noticed before the
one else had ever noticed before the
one else had ever noticed before the animals with horizontal elongated pupils
animals with horizontal elongated pupils
animals with horizontal elongated pupils there were two things that they were
there were two things that they were
there were two things that they were exceedingly likely to have one was eyes
exceedingly likely to have one was eyes
exceedingly likely to have one was eyes on the side of their head and the other
on the side of their head and the other
on the side of their head and the other is that they were prey animals that
is that they were prey animals that
is that they were prey animals that graze typically that is worried about
graze typically that is worried about
graze typically that is worried about other animals approaching on the ground
other animals approaching on the ground
other animals approaching on the ground to possibly attack them
but what happens when the goats go to
but what happens when the goats go to lower their heads to graze do these
lower their heads to graze do these
lower their heads to graze do these horizontal shape pupils move if they
horizontal shape pupils move if they
horizontal shape pupils move if they don’t move all the goat will see is the
don’t move all the goat will see is the
don’t move all the goat will see is the ground and that wouldn’t be very useful
ground and that wouldn’t be very useful
ground and that wouldn’t be very useful to see predators what it our idea about
to see predators what it our idea about
to see predators what it our idea about the horizontal pupil is it should remain
the horizontal pupil is it should remain
the horizontal pupil is it should remain parallel to the ground that way they can
parallel to the ground that way they can
parallel to the ground that way they can see predators that way they can also see
see predators that way they can also see
see predators that way they can also see in front of them if they have to run
in front of them if they have to run
in front of them if they have to run from a predator let’s see what they do
from a predator let’s see what they do
from a predator let’s see what they do the head up in the head down if Marty’s
the head up in the head down if Marty’s
the head up in the head down if Marty’s theory is correct
theory is correct
theory is correct a goats pupil will actually physically
a goats pupil will actually physically
a goats pupil will actually physically move when they put their head down like
move when they put their head down like
move when they put their head down like this there we go looks parallel on the
this there we go looks parallel on the
this there we go looks parallel on the ground yep it’s definitely horizontal
looks like we see that movement in every
looks like we see that movement in every one of these guys is it Marty and his
one of these guys is it Marty and his
one of these guys is it Marty and his colleagues discovered that goats do move
colleagues discovered that goats do move
colleagues discovered that goats do move their eyes to be parallel with the
their eyes to be parallel with the
their eyes to be parallel with the ground these eyes are rotating through
ground these eyes are rotating through
ground these eyes are rotating through dozens of degrees that’s a big movement
dozens of degrees that’s a big movement
dozens of degrees that’s a big movement bigger than we can do oh yeah rotating
bigger than we can do oh yeah rotating
bigger than we can do oh yeah rotating pupils in grazing animals seems obvious
pupils in grazing animals seems obvious
pupils in grazing animals seems obvious now but actually scientists had never
now but actually scientists had never
now but actually scientists had never really thought about it before Marty and
really thought about it before Marty and
really thought about it before Marty and his colleagues started their research it
his colleagues started their research it
his colleagues started their research it was very surprising to me that had been
was very surprising to me that had been
was very surprising to me that had been part of the discussion sooner even among
part of the discussion sooner even among
part of the discussion sooner even among ourselves when his common Barisan that
ourselves when his common Barisan that
ourselves when his common Barisan that we didn’t think of it right off
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