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The Science of Addiction: Here’s Your Brain on Drugs | National Geographic


what are your fiercest cravings whether

what are your fiercest cravings whether we’re ducking out for a smoke

we’re ducking out for a smoke

we’re ducking out for a smoke going for glory at the blackjack table

going for glory at the blackjack table

going for glory at the blackjack table or drowning our sorrows in a glass of

or drowning our sorrows in a glass of

or drowning our sorrows in a glass of wine we all have ways that we seek to

wine we all have ways that we seek to

wine we all have ways that we seek to push our pleasure buttons but what

push our pleasure buttons but what

push our pleasure buttons but what happens when this need for pleasure

happens when this need for pleasure

happens when this need for pleasure becomes a full-time pursuit when our fix

becomes a full-time pursuit when our fix

becomes a full-time pursuit when our fix turns into something more like a

turns into something more like a

turns into something more like a dependence used to be that addiction was

dependence used to be that addiction was

dependence used to be that addiction was considered a sort of moral failing but

considered a sort of moral failing but

considered a sort of moral failing but now with a much better understanding of

now with a much better understanding of

now with a much better understanding of how the human brain works scientists are

how the human brain works scientists are

how the human brain works scientists are learning new clues about the vicious

learning new clues about the vicious

learning new clues about the vicious cycle of desire binging and withdrawal

cycle of desire binging and withdrawal

cycle of desire binging and withdrawal that traps tens of millions of people

that traps tens of millions of people

that traps tens of millions of people our brains evolve the reward system

our brains evolve the reward system

our brains evolve the reward system based on a chemical called dopamine this

based on a chemical called dopamine this

based on a chemical called dopamine this amazing neurotransmitter creates

amazing neurotransmitter creates

amazing neurotransmitter creates cravings in us to encourage behaviors

cravings in us to encourage behaviors

cravings in us to encourage behaviors that help us survive such as eating

that help us survive such as eating

that help us survive such as eating procreating or interacting socially in

procreating or interacting socially in

procreating or interacting socially in turn pleasure is then stimulated by

turn pleasure is then stimulated by

turn pleasure is then stimulated by other neurotransmitters in hedonic hot

other neurotransmitters in hedonic hot

other neurotransmitters in hedonic hot spots of the brain when dopamine’s

spots of the brain when dopamine’s

spots of the brain when dopamine’s craving circuitry overwhelms to pleasure

craving circuitry overwhelms to pleasure

craving circuitry overwhelms to pleasure hot spots addiction occurs essentially

hot spots addiction occurs essentially

hot spots addiction occurs essentially your reward system is hijacked let’s

your reward system is hijacked let’s

your reward system is hijacked let’s break it down this way your desires are

break it down this way your desires are

break it down this way your desires are triggered when dopamine starting at the

triggered when dopamine starting at the

triggered when dopamine starting at the top of the brain stem travels through

top of the brain stem travels through

top of the brain stem travels through neural pathways to affect the brain

neural pathways to affect the brain

neural pathways to affect the brain drugs increase this flow of dopamine

drugs increase this flow of dopamine

drugs increase this flow of dopamine where does the dopamine go it blows

where does the dopamine go it blows

where does the dopamine go it blows throughout the brain’s craving circuit

throughout the brain’s craving circuit

throughout the brain’s craving circuit including the dorsal striatum or brain

including the dorsal striatum or brain

including the dorsal striatum or brain nerve cells called neurons begin to form

nerve cells called neurons begin to form

nerve cells called neurons begin to form habits by I dean fun things that you’ve

habits by I dean fun things that you’ve

habits by I dean fun things that you’ve done like buying drugs or cigarettes

done like buying drugs or cigarettes

done like buying drugs or cigarettes dopamine also goes to the prefrontal

dopamine also goes to the prefrontal

dopamine also goes to the prefrontal cortex or with the help of an amino acid

cortex or with the help of an amino acid

cortex or with the help of an amino acid called glutamate

called glutamate

called glutamate rich visualizations that cue cravings

rich visualizations that cue cravings

rich visualizations that cue cravings are conjured think images of drug

are conjured think images of drug

are conjured think images of drug paraphernalia sex for a bottle of booze

paraphernalia sex for a bottle of booze

paraphernalia sex for a bottle of booze then there’s the amygdala where the

then there’s the amygdala where the

then there’s the amygdala where the dopamine causes neurons here to be

dopamine causes neurons here to be

dopamine causes neurons here to be stimulated by learned emotional

stimulated by learned emotional

stimulated by learned emotional responses like rich leisure coated

responses like rich leisure coated

responses like rich leisure coated memories so what happens when drugs

memories so what happens when drugs

memories so what happens when drugs artificially flood these pathways with

artificially flood these pathways with

artificially flood these pathways with dopamine for one thing the rush can

dopamine for one thing the rush can

dopamine for one thing the rush can rewire your brain to want more drugs and

rewire your brain to want more drugs and

rewire your brain to want more drugs and thus create addiction but it turns out

thus create addiction but it turns out

thus create addiction but it turns out different drugs interact with the reward

different drugs interact with the reward

different drugs interact with the reward system in unique and interesting ways

system in unique and interesting ways

system in unique and interesting ways cocaine for example blocks dopamine

cocaine for example blocks dopamine

cocaine for example blocks dopamine transporters and prevents the removal of

transporters and prevents the removal of

transporters and prevents the removal of excess dopamine from synapses

excess dopamine from synapses

excess dopamine from synapses methamphetamine on the other hand floods

methamphetamine on the other hand floods

methamphetamine on the other hand floods the terminals of neurons displacing

the terminals of neurons displacing

the terminals of neurons displacing dopamine into synapses instead and

dopamine into synapses instead and

dopamine into synapses instead and heroin blocks dopamine inhibitors

heroin blocks dopamine inhibitors

heroin blocks dopamine inhibitors causing synapses to flood with dopamine

causing synapses to flood with dopamine

causing synapses to flood with dopamine without restraint the good news with a

without restraint the good news with a

without restraint the good news with a refined understanding of the devastating

refined understanding of the devastating

refined understanding of the devastating effects of these drugs comes new angles

effects of these drugs comes new angles

effects of these drugs comes new angles and approaches to the treatment of

and approaches to the treatment of

and approaches to the treatment of addiction that have shown remarkable

addiction that have shown remarkable

addiction that have shown remarkable promise cocaine addicts have been able

promise cocaine addicts have been able

promise cocaine addicts have been able to shut off their cravings abruptly when

to shut off their cravings abruptly when

to shut off their cravings abruptly when electromagnetic pulses are applied to

electromagnetic pulses are applied to

electromagnetic pulses are applied to their prefrontal cortex a drug hitherto

their prefrontal cortex a drug hitherto

their prefrontal cortex a drug hitherto used to treat muscle spasms called

used to treat muscle spasms called

used to treat muscle spasms called baclofen has shown promise for treating

baclofen has shown promise for treating

baclofen has shown promise for treating alcohol dependence is more and more of

alcohol dependence is more and more of

alcohol dependence is more and more of our friends and family are affected by

our friends and family are affected by

our friends and family are affected by crippling addiction it’s comforting to

crippling addiction it’s comforting to

crippling addiction it’s comforting to know that we are finally finding

know that we are finally finding

know that we are finally finding effective ways to take our

effective ways to take our

effective ways to take our brains back

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