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Revolutions 101 | National Geographic


politics are a powerful and dynamic

politics are a powerful and dynamic human creation a truth most evident in

human creation a truth most evident in

human creation a truth most evident in revolutions around the world a

revolutions around the world a

revolutions around the world a [Music]

[Music]

[Music] revolution in a political sense is a

revolution in a political sense is a

revolution in a political sense is a sudden and seismic shift from one form

sudden and seismic shift from one form

sudden and seismic shift from one form of government to another while

of government to another while

of government to another while revolutions come in many forms they

revolutions come in many forms they

revolutions come in many forms they often share four characteristics in

often share four characteristics in

often share four characteristics in varying degrees dissident elites mass

varying degrees dissident elites mass

varying degrees dissident elites mass frustration shared motivations and state

frustration shared motivations and state

frustration shared motivations and state crises altogether these factors have

crises altogether these factors have

crises altogether these factors have ignited some of the most radical changes

ignited some of the most radical changes

ignited some of the most radical changes throughout history revolutions are often

throughout history revolutions are often

throughout history revolutions are often facilitated by a dissident elite this

facilitated by a dissident elite this

facilitated by a dissident elite this particular group is comprised of people

particular group is comprised of people

particular group is comprised of people with wealth power or an education who

with wealth power or an education who

with wealth power or an education who are willing to challenge the existing

are willing to challenge the existing

are willing to challenge the existing administration elites played a critical

administration elites played a critical

administration elites played a critical role in the American Revolution one of

role in the American Revolution one of

role in the American Revolution one of the earliest revolutions in modern

the earliest revolutions in modern

the earliest revolutions in modern history American colonists under the

history American colonists under the

history American colonists under the rule of Great Britain won a war for

rule of Great Britain won a war for

rule of Great Britain won a war for their independence in 1783 colonial

their independence in 1783 colonial

their independence in 1783 colonial elites like Thomas Jefferson who would

elites like Thomas Jefferson who would

elites like Thomas Jefferson who would later become a United States President

later become a United States President

later become a United States President fueled the revolt by contributing their

fueled the revolt by contributing their

fueled the revolt by contributing their resources toward reform frustration

resources toward reform frustration

resources toward reform frustration among the masses also plays a critical

among the masses also plays a critical

among the masses also plays a critical role in social upheavals when a large

role in social upheavals when a large

role in social upheavals when a large percentage of a population feels grave

percentage of a population feels grave

percentage of a population feels grave discontent with their political economic

discontent with their political economic

discontent with their political economic and social institutions they may revolt

and social institutions they may revolt

and social institutions they may revolt only a few years after the American

only a few years after the American

only a few years after the American Revolution the people of France

Revolution the people of France

Revolution the people of France initiated their own revolt several

initiated their own revolt several

initiated their own revolt several factors including economic difficulties

factors including economic difficulties

factors including economic difficulties and an antiquated feudal system that

and an antiquated feudal system that

and an antiquated feudal system that fuelled social inequalities all

fuelled social inequalities all

fuelled social inequalities all contributed to the descent ultimately

contributed to the descent ultimately

contributed to the descent ultimately French society permanently out stood

French society permanently out stood

French society permanently out stood their monarchy and replaced it with a

their monarchy and replaced it with a

their monarchy and replaced it with a republic

another characteristic found in

another characteristic found in revolutions is a shared motivation

revolutions is a shared motivation

revolutions is a shared motivation shared motivations are what unify a

shared motivations are what unify a

shared motivations are what unify a large enough number of people

large enough number of people

large enough number of people specifically from multiple classes and

specifically from multiple classes and

specifically from multiple classes and groups to effectively rebel these

groups to effectively rebel these

groups to effectively rebel these motivations help the revolutions of

motivations help the revolutions of

motivations help the revolutions of Latin America in the early 19th century

Latin America in the early 19th century

Latin America in the early 19th century ruled by Spain and Portugal at the time

ruled by Spain and Portugal at the time

ruled by Spain and Portugal at the time colonists from multiple Latin American

colonists from multiple Latin American

colonists from multiple Latin American classes and ethnicities were inspired by

classes and ethnicities were inspired by

classes and ethnicities were inspired by the Enlightenment the intellectual

the Enlightenment the intellectual

the Enlightenment the intellectual movement challenged tradition including

movement challenged tradition including

movement challenged tradition including traditional forms of governance and

traditional forms of governance and

traditional forms of governance and ended up playing a role in the fight for

ended up playing a role in the fight for

ended up playing a role in the fight for colonists independence in Latin America

severe state crises also motivate

severe state crises also motivate revolutions in particular in

revolutions in particular in

revolutions in particular in administration’s failure to meet the

administration’s failure to meet the

administration’s failure to meet the needs of its people make it vulnerable

needs of its people make it vulnerable

needs of its people make it vulnerable to insurgency the revolutions of early

to insurgency the revolutions of early

to insurgency the revolutions of early 20th century Russia occurred because of

20th century Russia occurred because of

20th century Russia occurred because of the government’s exceptional frailty its

the government’s exceptional frailty its

the government’s exceptional frailty its political military and economic systems

political military and economic systems

political military and economic systems had been virtually decimated by the

had been virtually decimated by the

had been virtually decimated by the state’s defeats in World War one the

state’s defeats in World War one the

state’s defeats in World War one the nation’s power vacuum then led to

nation’s power vacuum then led to

nation’s power vacuum then led to revolts that replaced Russia’s Imperial

revolts that replaced Russia’s Imperial

revolts that replaced Russia’s Imperial state and created the world’s first

state and created the world’s first

state and created the world’s first communist regime virtually all

communist regime virtually all

communist regime virtually all revolutions experienced severe state

revolutions experienced severe state

revolutions experienced severe state crises shared motivations mass

crises shared motivations mass

crises shared motivations mass frustrations and a dissident elite to

frustrations and a dissident elite to

frustrations and a dissident elite to some degree

some degree

some degree while revolutions may involve different

while revolutions may involve different

while revolutions may involve different players governments and cultures the

players governments and cultures the

players governments and cultures the characteristics they share help them

characteristics they share help them

characteristics they share help them transcend their differences and

transcend their differences and

transcend their differences and demonstrate the dynamism of human nature

demonstrate the dynamism of human nature

demonstrate the dynamism of human nature and politics

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