welcome to our Google+ hangout celebrating 125 years of exploration
yes today I’m Lucy McNeil and I work in
yes today I’m Lucy McNeil and I work in national Geographics explorers team
national Geographics explorers team
national Geographics explorers team helping them work on the next great
helping them work on the next great
helping them work on the next great adventures in exploration so that we can
adventures in exploration so that we can
adventures in exploration so that we can share them all with you as well today is
share them all with you as well today is
share them all with you as well today is Earth Day and this is the kickoff for
Earth Day and this is the kickoff for
Earth Day and this is the kickoff for the first google+ hangout on air which
the first google+ hangout on air which
the first google+ hangout on air which are running all week so we hope that you
are running all week so we hope that you
are running all week so we hope that you can join as many as you can today we’re
can join as many as you can today we’re
can join as many as you can today we’re going to be asking about how technology
going to be asking about how technology
going to be asking about how technology and innovation are pushing the
and innovation are pushing the
and innovation are pushing the boundaries of discovery on our planet
boundaries of discovery on our planet
boundaries of discovery on our planet and beyond we want to hear from you so
and beyond we want to hear from you so
and beyond we want to hear from you so get all of your questions sent in to us
get all of your questions sent in to us
get all of your questions sent in to us on every format you can join the
on every format you can join the
on every format you can join the conversation on hashtag our earth and
conversation on hashtag our earth and
conversation on hashtag our earth and let’s jump right in with our
let’s jump right in with our
let’s jump right in with our participants today first of all we have
participants today first of all we have
participants today first of all we have Tim Samaras who’s in Bennett in Colorado
Tim Samaras who’s in Bennett in Colorado
Tim Samaras who’s in Bennett in Colorado and he’s a National Geographic Explorer
and he’s a National Geographic Explorer
and he’s a National Geographic Explorer he’s waving there so you can see him tim
he’s waving there so you can see him tim
he’s waving there so you can see him tim has built a fairly harrowing life’s work
has built a fairly harrowing life’s work
has built a fairly harrowing life’s work for himself he predicts when a tornado
for himself he predicts when a tornado
for himself he predicts when a tornado will hit he gets himself there before it
will hit he gets himself there before it
will hit he gets himself there before it actually arrives to put down a recording
actually arrives to put down a recording
actually arrives to put down a recording probe that he’s actually designed into
probe that he’s actually designed into
probe that he’s actually designed into the twisters path and then he gets out
the twisters path and then he gets out
the twisters path and then he gets out of the way so far he now spends every
of the way so far he now spends every
of the way so far he now spends every May and June racing around tornado alley
May and June racing around tornado alley
May and June racing around tornado alley in a van packed with weather recording
in a van packed with weather recording
in a van packed with weather recording equipment and instruments so unlike the
equipment and instruments so unlike the
equipment and instruments so unlike the rest of us he’s not sitting on a beach
rest of us he’s not sitting on a beach
rest of us he’s not sitting on a beach next we have underwater very excitingly
next we have underwater very excitingly
next we have underwater very excitingly in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia
in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia
in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia Richard Fitzpatrick who’s waving there
Richard Fitzpatrick who’s waving there
Richard Fitzpatrick who’s waving there as well he’s from Catlin Seaview
as well he’s from Catlin Seaview
as well he’s from Catlin Seaview Richards a marine biologist whose
Richards a marine biologist whose
Richards a marine biologist whose research like sharks and reef work he’s
research like sharks and reef work he’s
research like sharks and reef work he’s also an Emmy award-winning
also an Emmy award-winning
also an Emmy award-winning cinematographer and he has quite an
cinematographer and he has quite an
cinematographer and he has quite an unusual way of approaching his research
unusual way of approaching his research
unusual way of approaching his research tiger sharks and other species of sharks
tiger sharks and other species of sharks
tiger sharks and other species of sharks by the tail he’s gonna tell us about why
by the tail he’s gonna tell us about why
by the tail he’s gonna tell us about why he does that and how he does it
he does that and how he does it
he does that and how he does it finally more than 50 films of unusual
finally more than 50 films of unusual
finally more than 50 films of unusual animal behavior all over the world for
animal behavior all over the world for
animal behavior all over the world for people like us a geographic BBC
people like us a geographic BBC
people like us a geographic BBC discovery channel many never been seen
discovery channel many never been seen
discovery channel many never been seen before so we’re excited to talk to him
before so we’re excited to talk to him
before so we’re excited to talk to him and then we have I’m Christy Hansen’s
and then we have I’m Christy Hansen’s
and then we have I’m Christy Hansen’s from NASA’s operation in Greece quite an
from NASA’s operation in Greece quite an
from NASA’s operation in Greece quite an operation I fringe she’s calling him
operation I fringe she’s calling him
operation I fringe she’s calling him from Goddard in Maryland in the United
from Goddard in Maryland in the United
from Goddard in Maryland in the United States i’m kristi bellis her work on
States i’m kristi bellis her work on
States i’m kristi bellis her work on operation ice bridge she’s like the uber
operation ice bridge she’s like the uber
operation ice bridge she’s like the uber boss of everything they do she directs
boss of everything they do she directs
boss of everything they do she directs the team she works out the mission and
the team she works out the mission and
the team she works out the mission and she how much Graham that they’re going
she how much Graham that they’re going
she how much Graham that they’re going to cover as well as jumping into that
to cover as well as jumping into that
to cover as well as jumping into that High Arctic and Antarctic twice a year
High Arctic and Antarctic twice a year
High Arctic and Antarctic twice a year I’m very jealous of Christie’s cutest I
I’m very jealous of Christie’s cutest I
I’m very jealous of Christie’s cutest I just got back from a trip in Greenland
just got back from a trip in Greenland
just got back from a trip in Greenland and so I know how amazing the landscape
and so I know how amazing the landscape
and so I know how amazing the landscape is there as well we also have online
is there as well we also have online
is there as well we also have online ninth and fifth graders from Muscle
ninth and fifth graders from Muscle
ninth and fifth graders from Muscle Shoals school in alabama can you give us
Shoals school in alabama can you give us
Shoals school in alabama can you give us a wave there hey hello we have Susan
a wave there hey hello we have Susan
a wave there hey hello we have Susan Walton from Washington DC I season and
Walton from Washington DC I season and
Walton from Washington DC I season and we have actually met qua from Kuala
we have actually met qua from Kuala
we have actually met qua from Kuala Lumpur oh hi um so jumping right in I
Lumpur oh hi um so jumping right in I
Lumpur oh hi um so jumping right in I think we’ll go to Tim first and can you
think we’ll go to Tim first and can you
think we’ll go to Tim first and can you tell us about the innovations in your
tell us about the innovations in your
tell us about the innovations in your field and the technologies that you’re
field and the technologies that you’re
field and the technologies that you’re using around can you show us what you
using around can you show us what you
using around can you show us what you have there as well Thanks oh sure um
have there as well Thanks oh sure um
have there as well Thanks oh sure um some of the life work that I’ve been
some of the life work that I’ve been
some of the life work that I’ve been involved with is the most impressive
involved with is the most impressive
involved with is the most impressive contratos and being able to take direct
contratos and being able to take direct
contratos and being able to take direct measurements from the inside when we
measurements from the inside when we
measurements from the inside when we take measures looks like the tornadoes
take measures looks like the tornadoes
take measures looks like the tornadoes we’re able to shut it more about how
we’re able to shut it more about how
we’re able to shut it more about how powerful they are how powerful the wind
powerful they are how powerful the wind
powerful they are how powerful the wind speeds are and perhaps we could
speeds are and perhaps we could
speeds are and perhaps we could understand a little bit about the wind
understand a little bit about the wind
understand a little bit about the wind field on how tornadoes react with the
field on how tornadoes react with the
field on how tornadoes react with the ground and in long-term we’re hoping to
ground and in long-term we’re hoping to
ground and in long-term we’re hoping to know more about these super storms these
know more about these super storms these
know more about these super storms these storms that create these powerful
storms that create these powerful
storms that create these powerful across the United States so that we can
across the United States so that we can
across the United States so that we can better understand and brass perhaps
better understand and brass perhaps
better understand and brass perhaps bring a better prediction to these
bring a better prediction to these
bring a better prediction to these tornadoes right now the warning time is
tornadoes right now the warning time is
tornadoes right now the warning time is about 15 minutes or so using the new
about 15 minutes or so using the new
about 15 minutes or so using the new Doppler radar technology National
Doppler radar technology National
Doppler radar technology National Weather Service has what we’re trying to
Weather Service has what we’re trying to
Weather Service has what we’re trying to do to a courses to prove upon that time
do to a courses to prove upon that time
do to a courses to prove upon that time and so that maybe we can get a 20-minute
and so that maybe we can get a 20-minute
and so that maybe we can get a 20-minute warning or even a 25-minute to start in
warning or even a 25-minute to start in
warning or even a 25-minute to start in terms of a tornado warning and that
terms of a tornado warning and that
terms of a tornado warning and that actually saves lives in the end and so
actually saves lives in the end and so
actually saves lives in the end and so that’s actually one of my thrusting
that’s actually one of my thrusting
that’s actually one of my thrusting research the other thrust a research
research the other thrust a research
research the other thrust a research excuse me is actually studying lightning
excuse me is actually studying lightning
excuse me is actually studying lightning everybody probably thinks is a little
everybody probably thinks is a little
everybody probably thinks is a little crazy side to go out and chase a
crazy side to go out and chase a
crazy side to go out and chase a lightning strike but that’s what I’ve
lightning strike but that’s what I’ve
lightning strike but that’s what I’ve done um I’ve actually looked at
done um I’ve actually looked at
done um I’ve actually looked at lightning using high-speed photography
lightning using high-speed photography
lightning using high-speed photography for those of you who are not familiar
for those of you who are not familiar
for those of you who are not familiar with high-speed photography you see it
with high-speed photography you see it
with high-speed photography you see it almost every Sunday or every Monday or
almost every Sunday or every Monday or
almost every Sunday or every Monday or every sporting event that you watch on
every sporting event that you watch on
every sporting event that you watch on television whether it’s baseball or
television whether it’s baseball or
television whether it’s baseball or football after the game if you didn’t if
football after the game if you didn’t if
football after the game if you didn’t if the operation of the play was too fast
the operation of the play was too fast
the operation of the play was too fast for the eye they’ll actually go back and
for the eye they’ll actually go back and
for the eye they’ll actually go back and play it in slow motion where you can
play it in slow motion where you can
play it in slow motion where you can actually see how the outfielder missed
actually see how the outfielder missed
actually see how the outfielder missed that ball or the receiver and missed
that ball or the receiver and missed
that ball or the receiver and missed that catch near the end zone that’s high
that catch near the end zone that’s high
that catch near the end zone that’s high speed photography I just taken that
speed photography I just taken that
speed photography I just taken that technology and pointed towards the sky
technology and pointed towards the sky
technology and pointed towards the sky for lightning strikes and that we’re
for lightning strikes and that we’re
for lightning strikes and that we’re hoping to provide a better understanding
hoping to provide a better understanding
hoping to provide a better understanding how a lightning strike forms and why
how a lightning strike forms and why
how a lightning strike forms and why does it choose certain targets on the
does it choose certain targets on the
does it choose certain targets on the ground so in a quick for a minute
ground so in a quick for a minute
ground so in a quick for a minute summary that’s about my work out here
summary that’s about my work out here
summary that’s about my work out here across the plains in the United States
across the plains in the United States
across the plains in the United States that’s incredible thank you very much
that’s incredible thank you very much
that’s incredible thank you very much Tim and that next question is to same
Tim and that next question is to same
Tim and that next question is to same question is too I’m Richard I riches
oh oh here he is sorry we got me Shh s
oh oh here he is sorry we got me Shh s yeah we have to keep meeting my
yeah we have to keep meeting my
yeah we have to keep meeting my microphone otherwise it sounds like da
microphone otherwise it sounds like da
microphone otherwise it sounds like da fighters in the first room sorry about
fighters in the first room sorry about
fighters in the first room sorry about the delay oh yeah welcome to Israel two
the delay oh yeah welcome to Israel two
the delay oh yeah welcome to Israel two o’clock in the morning here aside
o’clock in the morning here aside
o’clock in the morning here aside technology don’t play a major role in
technology don’t play a major role in
technology don’t play a major role in what we’re doing with the Catlin Seaview
what we’re doing with the Catlin Seaview
what we’re doing with the Catlin Seaview survey one of the main innovations that
survey one of the main innovations that
survey one of the main innovations that we’ve come up with is a specialized
we’ve come up with is a specialized
we’ve come up with is a specialized camera system that we call the sp2 and
camera system that we call the sp2 and
camera system that we call the sp2 and it’s a 360 degree panoramic camera
it’s a 360 degree panoramic camera
it’s a 360 degree panoramic camera system mounted on an underwater scooter
system mounted on an underwater scooter
system mounted on an underwater scooter that allows us to travel long distances
that allows us to travel long distances
that allows us to travel long distances and take whole 360 degree panoramic
and take whole 360 degree panoramic
and take whole 360 degree panoramic images every couple of seconds and these
images every couple of seconds and these
images every couple of seconds and these images then form a very valuable data
images then form a very valuable data
images then form a very valuable data base for us to do reef monitoring other
base for us to do reef monitoring other
base for us to do reef monitoring other technologies that we use include our
technologies that we use include our
technologies that we use include our deep water robots are these because as
deep water robots are these because as
deep water robots are these because as divers we’re really limited to how deep
divers we’re really limited to how deep
divers we’re really limited to how deep and how long we can spend on morning
and how long we can spend on morning
and how long we can spend on morning images as well so yeah oh yes that the
images as well so yeah oh yes that the
images as well so yeah oh yes that the great images from this kit but the
great images from this kit but the
great images from this kit but the robots allow us to go deeper and to
robots allow us to go deeper and to
robots allow us to go deeper and to explore and we’re finding new things all
explore and we’re finding new things all
explore and we’re finding new things all the time we found a new species of coral
the time we found a new species of coral
the time we found a new species of coral that is that 120 meters that was never
that is that 120 meters that was never
that is that 120 meters that was never known before i got some cool gadgets to
known before i got some cool gadgets to
known before i got some cool gadgets to like this one oh we’re waiting why is
like this one oh we’re waiting why is
like this one oh we’re waiting why is that it’s a normal trivalent dropped in
that it’s a normal trivalent dropped in
that it’s a normal trivalent dropped in an underwater her so usually underwater
an underwater her so usually underwater
an underwater her so usually underwater travelin the court daughter so if you
travelin the court daughter so if you
travelin the court daughter so if you also use this to control the term
also use this to control the term
also use this to control the term assistance sister notice on it and we
assistance sister notice on it and we
assistance sister notice on it and we can control the aperture and the shutter
can control the aperture and the shutter
can control the aperture and the shutter speed of the camera systems so we turned
speed of the camera systems so we turned
speed of the camera systems so we turned her to turn the cameras editor housing
her to turn the cameras editor housing
her to turn the cameras editor housing to change other parameters
to change other parameters
to change other parameters that’s just like your normal travel that
that’s just like your normal travel that
that’s just like your normal travel that you have a hump skips in the modified
you have a hump skips in the modified
you have a hump skips in the modified rousing so we can take it under water
rousing so we can take it under water
rousing so we can take it under water I’m coming along as part of the
I’m coming along as part of the
I’m coming along as part of the technology were doing at the moment it’s
technology were doing at the moment it’s
technology were doing at the moment it’s underwater hangouts so to take people
underwater hangouts so to take people
underwater hangouts so to take people are you guys now so a different world so
are you guys now so a different world so
are you guys now so a different world so technology is a very big part of what
technology is a very big part of what
technology is a very big part of what we’re doing with the Catlin Seaview
we’re doing with the Catlin Seaview
we’re doing with the Catlin Seaview server well it’s very impressive Richard
server well it’s very impressive Richard
server well it’s very impressive Richard and we are so appreciate the time that
and we are so appreciate the time that
and we are so appreciate the time that you’ve got not to get underwater and get
you’ve got not to get underwater and get
you’ve got not to get underwater and get all of your equipment together for us so
all of your equipment together for us so
all of your equipment together for us so thank you very much um I want to thank
thank you very much um I want to thank
thank you very much um I want to thank you with you in a second um and then I
you with you in a second um and then I
you with you in a second um and then I wanted to also ask Christy I’ll just
wanted to also ask Christy I’ll just
wanted to also ask Christy I’ll just repeat the question in case we still
repeat the question in case we still
repeat the question in case we still have people tuning in can you tell us
have people tuning in can you tell us
have people tuning in can you tell us about the innovation field and the
about the innovation field and the
about the innovation field and the technologies that you’re using yeah
technologies that you’re using yeah
technologies that you’re using yeah first I’d like to say I feel pretty
first I’d like to say I feel pretty
first I’d like to say I feel pretty fortunate to be part of an amazing team
fortunate to be part of an amazing team
fortunate to be part of an amazing team here with the project operation
here with the project operation
here with the project operation IceBridge and I think what makes us
IceBridge and I think what makes us
IceBridge and I think what makes us amazing is that we do have a lot of
amazing is that we do have a lot of
amazing is that we do have a lot of diverse complex systems working together
diverse complex systems working together
diverse complex systems working together it’s like an amazing set of choreography
it’s like an amazing set of choreography
it’s like an amazing set of choreography to collect the data that we do we fly a
to collect the data that we do we fly a
to collect the data that we do we fly a various NASA aircraft like a modified p3
various NASA aircraft like a modified p3
various NASA aircraft like a modified p3 and we also fly a dc-8 endless you what
and we also fly a dc-8 endless you what
and we also fly a dc-8 endless you what we do is we take those aircraft and we
we do is we take those aircraft and we
we do is we take those aircraft and we file we fly them low and slow over the
file we fly them low and slow over the
file we fly them low and slow over the poles so we’ll collect data on ice
poles so we’ll collect data on ice
poles so we’ll collect data on ice sheets sea ice and glaciers right using
sheets sea ice and glaciers right using
sheets sea ice and glaciers right using a suite of a innovative instrumentation
a suite of a innovative instrumentation
a suite of a innovative instrumentation essentially we have four radar systems
essentially we have four radar systems
essentially we have four radar systems and with our radar systems we can we can
and with our radar systems we can we can
and with our radar systems we can we can actually see through the ice to the
actually see through the ice to the
actually see through the ice to the bedrock beneath and why that’s important
bedrock beneath and why that’s important
bedrock beneath and why that’s important is understanding the shape at the
is understanding the shape at the
is understanding the shape at the thickness of the ice and the the shape
thickness of the ice and the the shape
thickness of the ice and the the shape of the bedrock below can help us put
of the bedrock below can help us put
of the bedrock below can help us put that information in two models that
that information in two models that
that information in two models that might predict in the future how these
might predict in the future how these
might predict in the future how these glaciers and ice sheets might change
glaciers and ice sheets might change
glaciers and ice sheets might change ultimately affecting see lower eyes we
ultimately affecting see lower eyes we
ultimately affecting see lower eyes we also have a laser altimetry system that
also have a laser altimetry system that
also have a laser altimetry system that flies that can detect elevation changes
flies that can detect elevation changes
flies that can detect elevation changes in the ice and we can compare that to
in the ice and we can compare that to
in the ice and we can compare that to what we see each year so we fly over
what we see each year so we fly over
what we see each year so we fly over pretty much the same flight paths
pretty much the same flight paths
pretty much the same flight paths glaciers where we know are dumping a lot
glaciers where we know are dumping a lot
glaciers where we know are dumping a lot of ice per year see if the ice sheets
of ice per year see if the ice sheets
of ice per year see if the ice sheets thinning how the cs is behaving and we
thinning how the cs is behaving and we
thinning how the cs is behaving and we use all the instrumentation to measure
use all the instrumentation to measure
use all the instrumentation to measure those changes and then we present all of
those changes and then we present all of
those changes and then we present all of our data for free to the world for
our data for free to the world for
our data for free to the world for anyone who wants you
anyone who wants you
anyone who wants you use it that’s incredible I’ve seen a lot
use it that’s incredible I’ve seen a lot
use it that’s incredible I’ve seen a lot of your images online recently as well
of your images online recently as well
of your images online recently as well and it’s pretty impressive so thank you
and it’s pretty impressive so thank you
and it’s pretty impressive so thank you that I think that um actually actually
that I think that um actually actually
that I think that um actually actually has a question for Richard I don’t know
has a question for Richard I don’t know
has a question for Richard I don’t know if you want to ask that now actually
pushes um I think this was the one to
pushes um I think this was the one to talk about the evolution of Technology
talk about the evolution of Technology
talk about the evolution of Technology in there a barrier reef for richer or
in there a barrier reef for richer or
in there a barrier reef for richer or how did you feel of Technology half the
how did you feel of Technology half the
how did you feel of Technology half the work being done on the Great Barrier
work being done on the Great Barrier
work being done on the Great Barrier Reef and what what is that has really
Reef and what what is that has really
Reef and what what is that has really change in the studies that were being
change in the studies that were being
change in the studies that were being done in the past with a technology in
done in the past with a technology in
done in the past with a technology in the fall and I compared to now okay um
the fall and I compared to now okay um
the fall and I compared to now okay um images have always been an important
images have always been an important
images have always been an important part of the balls in ecology the vet
part of the balls in ecology the vet
part of the balls in ecology the vet very brief yeah we’ve got historical
very brief yeah we’ve got historical
very brief yeah we’ve got historical photographs going back over 100 years so
photographs going back over 100 years so
photographs going back over 100 years so there we can go back to those areas and
there we can go back to those areas and
there we can go back to those areas and have a look the new technologies that we
have a look the new technologies that we
have a look the new technologies that we have now particularly with the SB 2
have now particularly with the SB 2
have now particularly with the SB 2 means we can survey an area of a rate of
means we can survey an area of a rate of
means we can survey an area of a rate of its 16 times faster than what we can do
its 16 times faster than what we can do
its 16 times faster than what we can do as scuba divers the scooter places oh
as scuba divers the scooter places oh
as scuba divers the scooter places oh yeah travels of couple kilometres an
yeah travels of couple kilometres an
yeah travels of couple kilometres an hour I just over the last 12 months
hour I just over the last 12 months
hour I just over the last 12 months we’ve surveyed 32 weeks we’ve traveled
we’ve surveyed 32 weeks we’ve traveled
we’ve surveyed 32 weeks we’ve traveled at 150 kilometers underwater and have
at 150 kilometers underwater and have
at 150 kilometers underwater and have taken just over a hundred and five
taken just over a hundred and five
taken just over a hundred and five thousand 360 degree panoramic images so
thousand 360 degree panoramic images so
thousand 360 degree panoramic images so it’s a massive gada over a large area
it’s a massive gada over a large area
it’s a massive gada over a large area that’s gained and got very quickly Shh
that’s gained and got very quickly Shh
that’s gained and got very quickly Shh so that’s one big advantage age as I
so that’s one big advantage age as I
so that’s one big advantage age as I mentioned earlier the robots are
mentioned earlier the robots are
mentioned earlier the robots are allowing us to do serve our areas in the
allowing us to do serve our areas in the
allowing us to do serve our areas in the deeper waters as well it’s not just the
deeper waters as well it’s not just the
deeper waters as well it’s not just the totals that we’re finding running out of
totals that we’re finding running out of
totals that we’re finding running out of space of the first
space of the first
space of the first but with ya climate change one of the
but with ya climate change one of the
but with ya climate change one of the ideas is that the corals may retreat
ideas is that the corals may retreat
ideas is that the corals may retreat down into the deeper waters where to be
down into the deeper waters where to be
down into the deeper waters where to be cooler at the moment don’t have a handle
cooler at the moment don’t have a handle
cooler at the moment don’t have a handle on that we’re just starting now with the
on that we’re just starting now with the
on that we’re just starting now with the whole RV so the technology is allowing
whole RV so the technology is allowing
whole RV so the technology is allowing us just to get better and more
us just to get better and more
us just to get better and more information well it’s really critical we
information well it’s really critical we
information well it’s really critical we have all this information right now as a
have all this information right now as a
have all this information right now as a baseline so it just have something to
baseline so it just have something to
baseline so it just have something to compare with as change occurs was what
compare with as change occurs was what
compare with as change occurs was what was happening and what what there was
was happening and what what there was
was happening and what what there was it’s incredible thank you Richard um I
it’s incredible thank you Richard um I
it’s incredible thank you Richard um I haven’t I have a question for from
haven’t I have a question for from
haven’t I have a question for from Gonzalo matos Aragon who facebooked us
Gonzalo matos Aragon who facebooked us
Gonzalo matos Aragon who facebooked us he’s from Buenos Aires and he’s asking
he’s from Buenos Aires and he’s asking
he’s from Buenos Aires and he’s asking Tim usually for capturing lightning you
Tim usually for capturing lightning you
Tim usually for capturing lightning you need to set the camera with long
need to set the camera with long
need to set the camera with long exposure values and his question is do
exposure values and his question is do
exposure values and his question is do you actually stay still during the whole
you actually stay still during the whole
you actually stay still during the whole exposure time and then another quick one
exposure time and then another quick one
exposure time and then another quick one from become father from jammu he says he
from become father from jammu he says he
from become father from jammu he says he asked us on Facebook what’s your go-to
asked us on Facebook what’s your go-to
asked us on Facebook what’s your go-to aperture and ISO what equipment do you
aperture and ISO what equipment do you
aperture and ISO what equipment do you actually use Wow ok well that’s up to
actually use Wow ok well that’s up to
actually use Wow ok well that’s up to capture a lightning strike using high
capture a lightning strike using high
capture a lightning strike using high school photography takes various you
school photography takes various you
school photography takes various you know taking a very special camera and
know taking a very special camera and
know taking a very special camera and the to take a big shot of a lightning
the to take a big shot of a lightning
the to take a big shot of a lightning strike you have to have what they call a
strike you have to have what they call a
strike you have to have what they call a lightning trigger to be adapted to your
lightning trigger to be adapted to your
lightning trigger to be adapted to your time so when the trigger sees the flash
time so when the trigger sees the flash
time so when the trigger sees the flash of lightning it’ll trip your camera and
of lightning it’ll trip your camera and
of lightning it’ll trip your camera and then you have set the out to the daytime
then you have set the out to the daytime
then you have set the out to the daytime exposure the problem with that trigger
exposure the problem with that trigger
exposure the problem with that trigger is the fact that uh it the lightning
is the fact that uh it the lightning
is the fact that uh it the lightning strike may only flash once and the
strike may only flash once and the
strike may only flash once and the trigger cannot check the pulse fast
trigger cannot check the pulse fast
trigger cannot check the pulse fast enough to open the camera quick enough
enough to open the camera quick enough
enough to open the camera quick enough and so what I’ve resorted to is some
and so what I’ve resorted to is some
and so what I’ve resorted to is some technology such as this I don’t know if
technology such as this I don’t know if
technology such as this I don’t know if you can see this but this is this is
you can see this but this is this is
you can see this but this is this is what they call a high school and this
what they call a high school and this
what they call a high school and this camera has get go to you brought in
camera has get go to you brought in
camera has get go to you brought in fifteen thousand frames per second and
fifteen thousand frames per second and
fifteen thousand frames per second and this is what I use to capture a
this is what I use to capture a
this is what I use to capture a lightning strike using high-speed
lightning strike using high-speed
lightning strike using high-speed photography
photography
photography and to see the lightning when it first
and to see the lightning when it first
and to see the lightning when it first evolves out of the thunderstorm I have
evolves out of the thunderstorm I have
evolves out of the thunderstorm I have to run the aperture basically wide open
to run the aperture basically wide open
to run the aperture basically wide open like f 2 A or F 2 point 0 to get as much
like f 2 A or F 2 point 0 to get as much
like f 2 A or F 2 point 0 to get as much light into this camera as possible it
light into this camera as possible it
light into this camera as possible it gets a little technical but the problem
gets a little technical but the problem
gets a little technical but the problem is yeah we don’t want to get to t text
is yeah we don’t want to get to t text
is yeah we don’t want to get to t text is easy technical a shutter time is just
is easy technical a shutter time is just
is easy technical a shutter time is just too short to get enough light into the
too short to get enough light into the
too short to get enough light into the camera so we have to run an aperture
camera so we have to run an aperture
camera so we have to run an aperture that’s wide wide open and so that’s what
that’s wide wide open and so that’s what
that’s wide wide open and so that’s what I do of course now for nighttime
I do of course now for nighttime
I do of course now for nighttime photography it’s pretty easy you can do
photography it’s pretty easy you can do
photography it’s pretty easy you can do it with any camera and you can set it up
it with any camera and you can set it up
it with any camera and you can set it up on a tripod you open the shutter up for
on a tripod you open the shutter up for
on a tripod you open the shutter up for a period of time 10 seconds 20 seconds
a period of time 10 seconds 20 seconds
a period of time 10 seconds 20 seconds 30 seconds and when the lighting flashes
30 seconds and when the lighting flashes
30 seconds and when the lighting flashes you close it and you run maybe a iso
you close it and you run maybe a iso
you close it and you run maybe a iso maybe 500 or maybe 750 and maybe with a
maybe 500 or maybe 750 and maybe with a
maybe 500 or maybe 750 and maybe with a an aperture starting out maybe at f8 or
an aperture starting out maybe at f8 or
an aperture starting out maybe at f8 or f11 and then you look at the pictures
f11 and then you look at the pictures
f11 and then you look at the pictures with digital technology to look at it
with digital technology to look at it
with digital technology to look at it quickly and then you can aperture up or
quickly and then you can aperture up or
quickly and then you can aperture up or after down if the lighting strike is too
after down if the lighting strike is too
after down if the lighting strike is too hot that’ll amazing and that is a good
hot that’ll amazing and that is a good
hot that’ll amazing and that is a good one full of our face o lovers out there
one full of our face o lovers out there
one full of our face o lovers out there I’m Susan I think you had something that
I’m Susan I think you had something that
I’m Susan I think you had something that you wanted to ask Christy because I know
you wanted to ask Christy because I know
you wanted to ask Christy because I know that you have a huge interest in NASA
that you have a huge interest in NASA
that you have a huge interest in NASA yeah I one of the things I’m curious
yeah I one of the things I’m curious
yeah I one of the things I’m curious Christy do PR people surprised to find
Christy do PR people surprised to find
Christy do PR people surprised to find out that you work for NASA but you polar
out that you work for NASA but you polar
out that you work for NASA but you polar exploration yeah I think they are it’s
exploration yeah I think they are it’s
exploration yeah I think they are it’s funny that you ask that question because
funny that you ask that question because
funny that you ask that question because I know if I have friends or family asked
I know if I have friends or family asked
I know if I have friends or family asked me what I do they look at me like I’m
me what I do they look at me like I’m
me what I do they look at me like I’m lying to them like they can’t even
lying to them like they can’t even
lying to them like they can’t even process that I fly on airplanes at 1,500
process that I fly on airplanes at 1,500
process that I fly on airplanes at 1,500 feet over the Greenland ice sheets and
feet over the Greenland ice sheets and
feet over the Greenland ice sheets and go down to Antarctica it’s kind of hard
go down to Antarctica it’s kind of hard
go down to Antarctica it’s kind of hard to to bring the why do you do this how
to to bring the why do you do this how
to to bring the why do you do this how did you get into it to the general
did you get into it to the general
did you get into it to the general public you know what does that mean you
public you know what does that mean you
public you know what does that mean you don’t learn about that in school I mean
don’t learn about that in school I mean
don’t learn about that in school I mean I didn’t really know about that in
I didn’t really know about that in
I didn’t really know about that in school I didn’t realize how big airborne
school I didn’t realize how big airborne
school I didn’t realize how big airborne science wasn’t NASA because people tend
science wasn’t NASA because people tend
science wasn’t NASA because people tend to think human spaceflight or they know
to think human spaceflight or they know
to think human spaceflight or they know about astronauts or the space station
about astronauts or the space station
about astronauts or the space station but you know i’m pleased to admit that
but you know i’m pleased to admit that
but you know i’m pleased to admit that I’ve been very impressed with the scope
I’ve been very impressed with the scope
I’ve been very impressed with the scope of the airborne campaigns doing
of the airborne campaigns doing
of the airborne campaigns doing atmospheric research my project flying
atmospheric research my project flying
atmospheric research my project flying over the poles known Polar Research
over the poles known Polar Research
over the poles known Polar Research pretty amazing so I think
pretty amazing so I think
pretty amazing so I think definitely people are surprised by it
definitely people are surprised by it
definitely people are surprised by it but i try to i’m trying to reach more of
but i try to i’m trying to reach more of
but i try to i’m trying to reach more of a wider audience we have a Facebook page
a wider audience we have a Facebook page
a wider audience we have a Facebook page now so that people outside of NASA kids
now so that people outside of NASA kids
now so that people outside of NASA kids and school educators even family members
and school educators even family members
and school educators even family members can understand a little bit about why we
can understand a little bit about why we
can understand a little bit about why we go there why we’re studying it how do we
go there why we’re studying it how do we
go there why we’re studying it how do we determine what flight paths how do we
determine what flight paths how do we
determine what flight paths how do we pick our science targets from all of
pick our science targets from all of
pick our science targets from all of that as a that’s fantastic and I school
that as a that’s fantastic and I school
that as a that’s fantastic and I school are you guys ready to ask a question we
are you guys ready to ask a question we
are you guys ready to ask a question we are sure go for it don’t be shy I’m sure
are sure go for it don’t be shy I’m sure
are sure go for it don’t be shy I’m sure you’re not shy normally Richard this is
you’re not shy normally Richard this is
you’re not shy normally Richard this is for Richard uh how will the information
for Richard uh how will the information
for Richard uh how will the information gained from your data collected be
gained from your data collected be
gained from your data collected be shared good job yeah that reason is so
shared good job yeah that reason is so
shared good job yeah that reason is so much oh okay how will the information
much oh okay how will the information
much oh okay how will the information games from your data collected be shared
games from your data collected be shared
games from your data collected be shared okay the data from the sleeving survey
okay the data from the sleeving survey
okay the data from the sleeving survey with the 360-degree photos they go off
with the 360-degree photos they go off
with the 360-degree photos they go off to the researchers and that can analyze
to the researchers and that can analyze
to the researchers and that can analyze the America cover Allison in the imagery
the America cover Allison in the imagery
the America cover Allison in the imagery I also looking at fish abundance another
I also looking at fish abundance another
I also looking at fish abundance another benthic corner and stuff what up but
benthic corner and stuff what up but
benthic corner and stuff what up but then as a general problem you’re able to
then as a general problem you’re able to
then as a general problem you’re able to access the data and go diving on a
access the data and go diving on a
access the data and go diving on a virtual race I just looking on google
virtual race I just looking on google
virtual race I just looking on google street view through the strait v there’s
street view through the strait v there’s
street view through the strait v there’s a number of reefs on at the moment that
a number of reefs on at the moment that
a number of reefs on at the moment that you can go in and explore so you just
you can go in and explore so you just
you can go in and explore so you just can click along the reef can zoom tilt
can click along the reef can zoom tilt
can click along the reef can zoom tilt all around eight to have a look so is a
all around eight to have a look so is a
all around eight to have a look so is a large public engagement side but at the
large public engagement side but at the
large public engagement side but at the same time the researchers in the book
same time the researchers in the book
same time the researchers in the book run quantifying all the dollars
run quantifying all the dollars
run quantifying all the dollars but you guys want to share it real-time
but you guys want to share it real-time
but you guys want to share it real-time pretty what those are surveys have done
pretty what those are surveys have done
pretty what those are surveys have done so if you just go into the sea view
so if you just go into the sea view
so if you just go into the sea view website you’ll be in it watch some of
website you’ll be in it watch some of
website you’ll be in it watch some of the roofs of the Great Barrier Reef that
the roofs of the Great Barrier Reef that
the roofs of the Great Barrier Reef that have been surveyed so far and they’ll be
have been surveyed so far and they’ll be
have been surveyed so far and they’ll be just more and more coming online first
just more and more coming online first
just more and more coming online first time not just the very ring but other
time not just the very ring but other
time not just the very ring but other ropes are in the world as well that’s
ropes are in the world as well that’s
ropes are in the world as well that’s fantastic do you guys um it muscle shoal
fantastic do you guys um it muscle shoal
fantastic do you guys um it muscle shoal want to be marine biologists now that
want to be marine biologists now that
want to be marine biologists now that you seen what rich in dos what are y’all
I know I’d like to be at the Great
I know I’d like to be at the Great Barrier Reef instead of in Washington DC
Barrier Reef instead of in Washington DC
Barrier Reef instead of in Washington DC right now pretty jealous well it’s gotta
right now pretty jealous well it’s gotta
right now pretty jealous well it’s gotta do it somebody’s gonna get exactly and
do it somebody’s gonna get exactly and
do it somebody’s gonna get exactly and so we’ll move on to our next theme now I
so we’ll move on to our next theme now I
so we’ll move on to our next theme now I think I’m how are real-world examples of
think I’m how are real-world examples of
think I’m how are real-world examples of technology that you’re all involved in
technology that you’re all involved in
technology that you’re all involved in and that you see at NASA and catlin and
and that you see at NASA and catlin and
and that you see at NASA and catlin and National Geographic being used to shape
National Geographic being used to shape
National Geographic being used to shape the research and exploration that you’re
the research and exploration that you’re
the research and exploration that you’re all involved in and even you know what
all involved in and even you know what
all involved in and even you know what do you see in other industries that
do you see in other industries that
do you see in other industries that you’re excited about not just in your
you’re excited about not just in your
you’re excited about not just in your own because I think that gives us a more
own because I think that gives us a more
own because I think that gives us a more personal flavor of what you’re into and
personal flavor of what you’re into and
personal flavor of what you’re into and that first question is for Tim I think
that first question is for Tim I think
that first question is for Tim I think well the technology that we’re bringing
well the technology that we’re bringing
well the technology that we’re bringing to the field help understand these super
to the field help understand these super
to the field help understand these super storms can certainly maybe lend itself
storms can certainly maybe lend itself
storms can certainly maybe lend itself lend itself in other applications as
lend itself in other applications as
lend itself in other applications as well the instruments that I design and
well the instruments that I design and
well the instruments that I design and build to be put in the paths of
build to be put in the paths of
build to be put in the paths of tornadoes and by the way let me let me
tornadoes and by the way let me let me
tornadoes and by the way let me let me get done yeah sure yeah we’ve had all
get done yeah sure yeah we’ve had all
get done yeah sure yeah we’ve had all about this we want to see it now this is
about this we want to see it now this is
about this we want to see it now this is the instrument it weighs about 50 pounds
the instrument it weighs about 50 pounds
the instrument it weighs about 50 pounds i’m going to put it down soon nah this
i’m going to put it down soon nah this
i’m going to put it down soon nah this is in 15 places 50 pounds what side to
is in 15 places 50 pounds what side to
is in 15 places 50 pounds what side to be placed in the directly in the path of
be placed in the directly in the path of
be placed in the directly in the path of a tornado and it’s critical it’s shaped
a tornado and it’s critical it’s shaped
a tornado and it’s critical it’s shaped like like like a pyramid a chronicle
like like like a pyramid a chronicle
like like like a pyramid a chronicle pyramid and so the wind flow goes over
pyramid and so the wind flow goes over
pyramid and so the wind flow goes over the top but yet it stays in place so the
the top but yet it stays in place so the
the top but yet it stays in place so the most powerful tornado can hit it and
most powerful tornado can hit it and
most powerful tornado can hit it and won’t bother at all as it does and
won’t bother at all as it does and
won’t bother at all as it does and unlocks the secrets it’s good to put
unlocks the secrets it’s good to put
unlocks the secrets it’s good to put that down
that down
that down I of the tornado itself and for us to do
I of the tornado itself and for us to do
I of the tornado itself and for us to do that help us understand what we call
that help us understand what we call
that help us understand what we call some of the dynamics of tornadoes how
some of the dynamics of tornadoes how
some of the dynamics of tornadoes how powerful the wind speeds are we measure
powerful the wind speeds are we measure
powerful the wind speeds are we measure what we call the barometric pressure
what we call the barometric pressure
what we call the barometric pressure drop on the inside of the tornado I hope
drop on the inside of the tornado I hope
drop on the inside of the tornado I hope the world record measuring the lowest
the world record measuring the lowest
the world record measuring the lowest pressure drop inside of a tornado ever
pressure drop inside of a tornado ever
pressure drop inside of a tornado ever in that record still stands I so a lot
in that record still stands I so a lot
in that record still stands I so a lot of the technology that we used to go
of the technology that we used to go
of the technology that we used to go like this data also for a lot of the
like this data also for a lot of the
like this data also for a lot of the lightning research that we’ve done we’re
lightning research that we’ve done we’re
lightning research that we’ve done we’re kind of pushing the bounds of what we
kind of pushing the bounds of what we
kind of pushing the bounds of what we could do technically I also designed a
could do technically I also designed a
could do technically I also designed a camera that goes over a million frames
camera that goes over a million frames
camera that goes over a million frames per second to help capture them very
per second to help capture them very
per second to help capture them very brief moment of time as the lightning
brief moment of time as the lightning
brief moment of time as the lightning strike hits the ground so we can see
strike hits the ground so we can see
strike hits the ground so we can see what they call the attachment process
what they call the attachment process
what they call the attachment process but we can understand how and why some
but we can understand how and why some
but we can understand how and why some of that the lightning strike hits the
of that the lightning strike hits the
of that the lightning strike hits the ground and for us to show some
ground and for us to show some
ground and for us to show some illustrations and some pictures and some
illustrations and some pictures and some
illustrations and some pictures and some other data that we collect you know help
other data that we collect you know help
other data that we collect you know help us better understand that a lot of the
us better understand that a lot of the
us better understand that a lot of the physics of lightning which we don’t
physics of lightning which we don’t
physics of lightning which we don’t still don’t quite understand totally as
still don’t quite understand totally as
still don’t quite understand totally as an example how does the lightning strike
an example how does the lightning strike
an example how does the lightning strike originated inside a thunderstorm we
originated inside a thunderstorm we
originated inside a thunderstorm we still don’t quite grasp that and so
still don’t quite grasp that and so
still don’t quite grasp that and so we’re trying to understand that part and
we’re trying to understand that part and
we’re trying to understand that part and so the technology that we’re bringing to
so the technology that we’re bringing to
so the technology that we’re bringing to bear to help understand super storms
bear to help understand super storms
bear to help understand super storms well ultimately lead to a better
well ultimately lead to a better
well ultimately lead to a better understanding of storms themselves and
understanding of storms themselves and
understanding of storms themselves and that in turn helps provide better safety
that in turn helps provide better safety
that in turn helps provide better safety for you know our people here on the land
for you know our people here on the land
for you know our people here on the land from tornadoes and lightning because if
from tornadoes and lightning because if
from tornadoes and lightning because if we had some mitigating better mitigating
we had some mitigating better mitigating
we had some mitigating better mitigating factors for lightning better understood
factors for lightning better understood
factors for lightning better understood lightning then we can apply the new
lightning then we can apply the new
lightning then we can apply the new technology and the new learning to keep
technology and the new learning to keep
technology and the new learning to keep people say that and that obviously goes
people say that and that obviously goes
people say that and that obviously goes for tornadoes as well it’s very exciting
for tornadoes as well it’s very exciting
for tornadoes as well it’s very exciting thank you I’m Christie what would you
thank you I’m Christie what would you
thank you I’m Christie what would you say yes so brief by sorry Christie
say yes so brief by sorry Christie
say yes so brief by sorry Christie before you start I’m gonna ask the
before you start I’m gonna ask the
before you start I’m gonna ask the students at muscle show hello if you can
students at muscle show hello if you can
students at muscle show hello if you can get ready to tee up your experiment just
get ready to tee up your experiment just
get ready to tee up your experiment just while Cristy is getting ready cuz i know
while Cristy is getting ready cuz i know
while Cristy is getting ready cuz i know you have something cool to show us Thank
you have something cool to show us Thank
you have something cool to show us Thank You Christie go oh yeah sure so on one
You Christie go oh yeah sure so on one
You Christie go oh yeah sure so on one thing with me on operation ice bridge is
thing with me on operation ice bridge is
thing with me on operation ice bridge is that I’ve been on the project for about
that I’ve been on the project for about
that I’ve been on the project for about a year and like I said before I’m pretty
a year and like I said before I’m pretty
a year and like I said before I’m pretty amazed with everything that’s going on
amazed with everything that’s going on
amazed with everything that’s going on in airborne science
in airborne science
in airborne science so what I’ve learned since I’ve been on
so what I’ve learned since I’ve been on
so what I’ve learned since I’ve been on the project is I have a much better
the project is I have a much better
the project is I have a much better understanding of changes that are
understanding of changes that are
understanding of changes that are happening for our planet right now I
happening for our planet right now I
happening for our planet right now I didn’t have a great appreciation for
didn’t have a great appreciation for
didn’t have a great appreciation for that before I started working on ice
that before I started working on ice
that before I started working on ice bridge so what I’ve learned and what I
bridge so what I’ve learned and what I
bridge so what I’ve learned and what I can see in our data and talking to our
can see in our data and talking to our
can see in our data and talking to our science teams or instrument operators
science teams or instrument operators
science teams or instrument operators our aircraft team people who have been
our aircraft team people who have been
our aircraft team people who have been going back to the ice for years ice
going back to the ice for years ice
going back to the ice for years ice bridge is been around since since 2009
bridge is been around since since 2009
bridge is been around since since 2009 but airborne laser altimetry has been
but airborne laser altimetry has been
but airborne laser altimetry has been around for 20 to 30 years so talking to
around for 20 to 30 years so talking to
around for 20 to 30 years so talking to the experts and seeing some of the stuff
the experts and seeing some of the stuff
the experts and seeing some of the stuff myself essentially what I spirit is
myself essentially what I spirit is
myself essentially what I spirit is doing is measuring changes so we’re a
doing is measuring changes so we’re a
doing is measuring changes so we’re a data collection project right so what we
data collection project right so what we
data collection project right so what we can say is between 2009 2010 2011 we’re
can say is between 2009 2010 2011 we’re
can say is between 2009 2010 2011 we’re seeing changes that are happening to the
seeing changes that are happening to the
seeing changes that are happening to the ice sheet glaciers and it’ll you know I
ice sheet glaciers and it’ll you know I
ice sheet glaciers and it’ll you know I don’t want to use too much of an
don’t want to use too much of an
don’t want to use too much of an adjective but some of the ice loss like
adjective but some of the ice loss like
adjective but some of the ice loss like glaciers dumping in the oceans or kind
glaciers dumping in the oceans or kind
glaciers dumping in the oceans or kind of an alarming rate so I didn’t realize
of an alarming rate so I didn’t realize
of an alarming rate so I didn’t realize how much the polar processes affect the
how much the polar processes affect the
how much the polar processes affect the overall climate like ultimately sea
overall climate like ultimately sea
overall climate like ultimately sea level rise so a lot of our
level rise so a lot of our
level rise so a lot of our instrumentation on including gravity
instrumentation on including gravity
instrumentation on including gravity magnetics are altimetry our radars are
magnetics are altimetry our radars are
magnetics are altimetry our radars are showing each year what’s thinning how
showing each year what’s thinning how
showing each year what’s thinning how much ice we’re losing you know how thick
much ice we’re losing you know how thick
much ice we’re losing you know how thick is the ice sheet has it changed what’s
is the ice sheet has it changed what’s
is the ice sheet has it changed what’s happening to sea ice the sea ice extent
happening to sea ice the sea ice extent
happening to sea ice the sea ice extent or the oval overall coverage is reducing
or the oval overall coverage is reducing
or the oval overall coverage is reducing and what we do is we submit all of our
and what we do is we submit all of our
and what we do is we submit all of our data sets for free to something called
data sets for free to something called
data sets for free to something called nsidc org and then we have a science
nsidc org and then we have a science
nsidc org and then we have a science team and international partners who look
team and international partners who look
team and international partners who look at our data and can actually put papers
at our data and can actually put papers
at our data and can actually put papers together based on trends that they’re
together based on trends that they’re
together based on trends that they’re seeing so essentially that’s kind of how
seeing so essentially that’s kind of how
seeing so essentially that’s kind of how our technology we’re using it to
our technology we’re using it to
our technology we’re using it to understand the earth better very cool um
understand the earth better very cool um
understand the earth better very cool um thank you very much Christy now muscle
thank you very much Christy now muscle
thank you very much Christy now muscle shoals students are you ready to show us
shoals students are you ready to show us
shoals students are you ready to show us yes your little plan we are ready what
yes your little plan we are ready what
yes your little plan we are ready what we’re doing is we’re you sorry press
we’re doing is we’re you sorry press
we’re doing is we’re you sorry press your words tell us about it okay we’re
your words tell us about it okay we’re
your words tell us about it okay we’re using our Earth Day passports and each
using our Earth Day passports and each
using our Earth Day passports and each group of fifth graders is going through
group of fifth graders is going through
group of fifth graders is going through with my current juniors and seniors to a
with my current juniors and seniors to a
with my current juniors and seniors to a different station with their passport
different station with their passport
different station with their passport and learning and they will get a stamp
and learning and they will get a stamp
and learning and they will get a stamp and they’ll journal what’s happening at
and they’ll journal what’s happening at
and they’ll journal what’s happening at each station so this station for
each station so this station for
each station so this station for instance we have albatross smallest
instance we have albatross smallest
instance we have albatross smallest that Carson’s going to tell you just a
that Carson’s going to tell you just a
that Carson’s going to tell you just a little bit about real quick so what it
little bit about real quick so what it
little bit about real quick so what it is it’s actually these are from birds in
is it’s actually these are from birds in
is it’s actually these are from birds in hawaii and it’s the regurgitation that
hawaii and it’s the regurgitation that
hawaii and it’s the regurgitation that they actually feed their arm youth right
they actually feed their arm youth right
they actually feed their arm youth right fielder yes what it is is you can uh are
fielder yes what it is is you can uh are
fielder yes what it is is you can uh are these okay bring it closer guys bring a
these okay bring it closer guys bring a
these okay bring it closer guys bring a little bit nicer also is that good yes
little bit nicer also is that good yes
little bit nicer also is that good yes so right here you can kind of say some
so right here you can kind of say some
so right here you can kind of say some of the plastics and stuff that are in
of the plastics and stuff that are in
of the plastics and stuff that are in the uh what these birds are trying to
the uh what these birds are trying to
the uh what these birds are trying to digest and what it is it’s from the
digest and what it is it’s from the
digest and what it is it’s from the pollution actually and littering in like
pollution actually and littering in like
pollution actually and littering in like California like the western coast of the
California like the western coast of the
California like the western coast of the United States I’m glad I my breakfast
United States I’m glad I my breakfast
United States I’m glad I my breakfast yet actually but what else horrible and
yet actually but what else horrible and
yet actually but what else horrible and like the clashes and stuff actually get
like the clashes and stuff actually get
like the clashes and stuff actually get caught in an ocean current and they
caught in an ocean current and they
caught in an ocean current and they bring it around to the coast of Hawaii
bring it around to the coast of Hawaii
bring it around to the coast of Hawaii where the seabirds actually digest all
where the seabirds actually digest all
where the seabirds actually digest all this stuff like the plastics and I’ll
this stuff like the plastics and I’ll
this stuff like the plastics and I’ll just just stuff that you can’t digest
just just stuff that you can’t digest
just just stuff that you can’t digest wow that’s incredible anything you going
wow that’s incredible anything you going
wow that’s incredible anything you going I no good sorry no no it’s just going to
I no good sorry no no it’s just going to
I no good sorry no no it’s just going to ask how in studying that how long
ask how in studying that how long
ask how in studying that how long they’ve been in a classroom and um we’ve
they’ve been in a classroom and um we’ve
they’ve been in a classroom and um we’ve had the samples for over a year and we
had the samples for over a year and we
had the samples for over a year and we just keep them wrapped up and no good it
just keep them wrapped up and no good it
just keep them wrapped up and no good it smells it smells one of our other
smells it smells one of our other
smells it smells one of our other stations is about polar animals and how
stations is about polar animals and how
stations is about polar animals and how they adapt to different temperatures and
they adapt to different temperatures and
they adapt to different temperatures and so we have to trace of ice and one has a
so we have to trace of ice and one has a
so we have to trace of ice and one has a blubber um baggie you right we’re
blubber um baggie you right we’re
blubber um baggie you right we’re in the blubber baggie let’s yeah just
in the blubber baggie let’s yeah just
in the blubber baggie let’s yeah just tip it forward a bit so you can see it
tip it forward a bit so you can see it
tip it forward a bit so you can see it just tip it over forward a little bit
just tip it over forward a little bit
just tip it over forward a little bit more and then one in the ice so he’s
more and then one in the ice so he’s
more and then one in the ice so he’s comparing his naked hand with the one in
comparing his naked hand with the one in
comparing his naked hand with the one in the blubber and and I said he’s saying
the blubber and and I said he’s saying
the blubber and and I said he’s saying so what do you think what do you think
saleable Alan this one is cold and this
saleable Alan this one is cold and this one
one
one so the insulation works it works do you
so the insulation works it works do you
so the insulation works it works do you wish you were heard by now that’s
wish you were heard by now that’s
wish you were heard by now that’s brilliant I love that you’re doing that
brilliant I love that you’re doing that
brilliant I love that you’re doing that anyway you sure I’m sorry I’m so gone
anyway you sure I’m sorry I’m so gone
anyway you sure I’m sorry I’m so gone that was my bell ringing we also have a
that was my bell ringing we also have a
that was my bell ringing we also have a nice of a National Geographic education
nice of a National Geographic education
nice of a National Geographic education world map about the hallway and we’re
world map about the hallway and we’re
world map about the hallway and we’re tracing the route that Arctic Terns take
tracing the route that Arctic Terns take
tracing the route that Arctic Terns take from the North Pole toward the South
from the North Pole toward the South
from the North Pole toward the South Pole and the kids are using the math to
Pole and the kids are using the math to
Pole and the kids are using the math to map the journey it’s amazing i wish i
map the journey it’s amazing i wish i
map the journey it’s amazing i wish i wish i was in your science class when I
wish i was in your science class when I
wish i was in your science class when I was little that’s fabulous alright guys
was little that’s fabulous alright guys
was little that’s fabulous alright guys thank you very much um so then we’re
thank you very much um so then we’re
thank you very much um so then we’re going to move on to our next question
going to move on to our next question
going to move on to our next question from Facebook we’re trying to find out I
from Facebook we’re trying to find out I
from Facebook we’re trying to find out I guess this one is for Tim well maybe
guess this one is for Tim well maybe
guess this one is for Tim well maybe we’ll leave that one this is Norman
we’ll leave that one this is Norman
we’ll leave that one this is Norman Martinez on facebook he asks is there
Martinez on facebook he asks is there
Martinez on facebook he asks is there anything in our military arsenal that
anything in our military arsenal that
anything in our military arsenal that can break a tornado funnel while it’s
can break a tornado funnel while it’s
can break a tornado funnel while it’s warming I bet you get this all the time
warming I bet you get this all the time
warming I bet you get this all the time too oh yes this is probably one of the
too oh yes this is probably one of the
too oh yes this is probably one of the more common comedy that’s the quickie on
more common comedy that’s the quickie on
more common comedy that’s the quickie on it yeah this is what a common question
it yeah this is what a common question
it yeah this is what a common question that the short answer is absolutely not
that the short answer is absolutely not
that the short answer is absolutely not to match the energy of a supercell
to match the energy of a supercell
to match the energy of a supercell thunderstorm that creates a tornado
thunderstorm that creates a tornado
thunderstorm that creates a tornado would be totally massive and people even
would be totally massive and people even
would be totally massive and people even talked about detonating a nuclear
talked about detonating a nuclear
talked about detonating a nuclear warhead next to the tornado and that’s
warhead next to the tornado and that’s
warhead next to the tornado and that’s you know that’s totally absurd so at the
you know that’s totally absurd so at the
you know that’s totally absurd so at the moment is the technology just does not
moment is the technology just does not
moment is the technology just does not exist and so we’re just gonna have to
exist and so we’re just gonna have to
exist and so we’re just gonna have to learn and cope and Warren as best we can
learn and cope and Warren as best we can
learn and cope and Warren as best we can at least powerful wind storms it does
at least powerful wind storms it does
at least powerful wind storms it does seem to be now um I wanted Susan do you
seem to be now um I wanted Susan do you
seem to be now um I wanted Susan do you have any more general questions on this
have any more general questions on this
have any more general questions on this same theme yeah I actually have a
same theme yeah I actually have a
same theme yeah I actually have a question for it’s probably for all three
question for it’s probably for all three
question for it’s probably for all three Tim Richard and Christie like how much
Tim Richard and Christie like how much
Tim Richard and Christie like how much of the future of exploration do you
of the future of exploration do you
of the future of exploration do you think is going to be moving more towards
think is going to be moving more towards
think is going to be moving more towards like autonomous vehicles doing the bulk
like autonomous vehicles doing the bulk
like autonomous vehicles doing the bulk of sort of the actual exploring with
of sort of the actual exploring with
of sort of the actual exploring with humans more sitting back and doing the
humans more sitting back and doing the
humans more sitting back and doing the analysis you know our are these are
analysis you know our are these are
analysis you know our are these are ovies and cameras going to take away
ovies and cameras going to take away
ovies and cameras going to take away from people actually being in the field
from people actually being in the field
from people actually being in the field good question I could jump in on that
good question I could jump in on that
good question I could jump in on that okay yeah well I can just give you a
okay yeah well I can just give you a
okay yeah well I can just give you a small part I’m sorts a wider picture
small part I’m sorts a wider picture
small part I’m sorts a wider picture than what i have but um with operation
than what i have but um with operation
than what i have but um with operation IceBridge we’re currently focusing on
IceBridge we’re currently focusing on
IceBridge we’re currently focusing on human or manned aircraft so we have
human or manned aircraft so we have
human or manned aircraft so we have teams going into the field I mean
teams going into the field I mean
teams going into the field I mean there’s a lot of flexibility with that
there’s a lot of flexibility with that
there’s a lot of flexibility with that and it’s nice having human in the loop
and it’s nice having human in the loop
and it’s nice having human in the loop because we can make quick decisions if
because we can make quick decisions if
because we can make quick decisions if weather’s bad wouldn’t go instead of
weather’s bad wouldn’t go instead of
weather’s bad wouldn’t go instead of point a go to point B I’m at the same
point a go to point B I’m at the same
point a go to point B I’m at the same time you do send people in this field
time you do send people in this field
time you do send people in this field for that well future options include you
for that well future options include you
for that well future options include you may have heard of Global Hawk and has
may have heard of Global Hawk and has
may have heard of Global Hawk and has some other unmanned aerial systems we’re
some other unmanned aerial systems we’re
some other unmanned aerial systems we’re considering melling some of our laser
considering melling some of our laser
considering melling some of our laser altimeter zon that are either showing
altimeter zon that are either showing
altimeter zon that are either showing the p3 right now that’s what we just
the p3 right now that’s what we just
the p3 right now that’s what we just flew to Greenland it’s still there
flew to Greenland it’s still there
flew to Greenland it’s still there pretty amazing aircraft but um yeah
pretty amazing aircraft but um yeah
pretty amazing aircraft but um yeah definitely we are considering and
definitely we are considering and
definitely we are considering and looking into options for putting some of
looking into options for putting some of
looking into options for putting some of our instrumentation on unmanned aerial
our instrumentation on unmanned aerial
our instrumentation on unmanned aerial vehicles and they can fly a lot longer
vehicles and they can fly a lot longer
vehicles and they can fly a lot longer they can fly higher we can collect just
they can fly higher we can collect just
they can fly higher we can collect just tons of data with them so it was an
tons of data with them so it was an
tons of data with them so it was an option that we were looking into that’s
option that we were looking into that’s
option that we were looking into that’s amazing thank you Richard what about you
amazing thank you Richard what about you
amazing thank you Richard what about you yeah are you raised a different major
yeah are you raised a different major
yeah are you raised a different major part of the future in marine biology
part of the future in marine biology
part of the future in marine biology particularly in the open oceans and the
particularly in the open oceans and the
particularly in the open oceans and the deep ocean and there are literally
deep ocean and there are literally
deep ocean and there are literally thousands of oh you these are all around
thousands of oh you these are all around
thousands of oh you these are all around the globe at the moment that are called
the globe at the moment that are called
the globe at the moment that are called gliders that simply dropped through the
gliders that simply dropped through the
gliders that simply dropped through the layers of the ocean collecting all the
layers of the ocean collecting all the
layers of the ocean collecting all the data of the temperature salinity and
data of the temperature salinity and
data of the temperature salinity and other water quality parameters and then
other water quality parameters and then
other water quality parameters and then they’ll come back to the surface and
they’ll come back to the surface and
they’ll come back to the surface and transmit that information via satellite
transmit that information via satellite
transmit that information via satellite and then start back down again so the
and then start back down again so the
and then start back down again so the ATVs are going to allow us to know from
ATVs are going to allow us to know from
ATVs are going to allow us to know from water quality data over all these very
water quality data over all these very
water quality data over all these very hostile and very deep environment that
hostile and very deep environment that
hostile and very deep environment that as humans we just cannot get it’s just
as humans we just cannot get it’s just
as humans we just cannot get it’s just it is like Prince of to spend time up
it is like Prince of to spend time up
it is like Prince of to spend time up there so the good news is it will still
there so the good news is it will still
there so the good news is it will still leave all the lovely shallow water
leave all the lovely shallow water
leave all the lovely shallow water environments to strive to explore
environments to strive to explore
environments to strive to explore ourselves but even there with what we’re
ourselves but even there with what we’re
ourselves but even there with what we’re doing a sea view is the next generation
doing a sea view is the next generation
doing a sea view is the next generation will be using a UV so we can serve our
will be using a UV so we can serve our
will be using a UV so we can serve our more rapes quicker longer faster and
more rapes quicker longer faster and
more rapes quicker longer faster and gain the doubt of that Shh I v’s will
gain the doubt of that Shh I v’s will
gain the doubt of that Shh I v’s will play a very important role that will
play a very important role that will
play a very important role that will still need people out there as well
still need people out there as well
still need people out there as well fantastic um and I wonder do you have
fantastic um and I wonder do you have
fantastic um and I wonder do you have another question for us as well um
another question for us as well um
another question for us as well um season oh yeah actually I was interested
season oh yeah actually I was interested
season oh yeah actually I was interested to see what Tim thinks about that
to see what Tim thinks about that
to see what Tim thinks about that because in the type of in the type of
because in the type of in the type of
because in the type of in the type of work that he does it seems like putting
work that he does it seems like putting
work that he does it seems like putting humans in that path is a little
humans in that path is a little
humans in that path is a little self-destructive yes indeed it it
self-destructive yes indeed it it
self-destructive yes indeed it it certainly is destructive I don’t want to
certainly is destructive I don’t want to
certainly is destructive I don’t want to be in the path of tornado change
be in the path of tornado change
be in the path of tornado change measurements that’s why we use a rodent
measurements that’s why we use a rodent
measurements that’s why we use a rodent remote instrumentation like I just
remote instrumentation like I just
remote instrumentation like I just showed you we place those in the path
showed you we place those in the path
showed you we place those in the path but there’s other remote instrumentation
but there’s other remote instrumentation
but there’s other remote instrumentation that is currently being in used to
that is currently being in used to
that is currently being in used to detect these monster storms and that is
detect these monster storms and that is
detect these monster storms and that is one of them is a National Weather
one of them is a National Weather
one of them is a National Weather Service nationwide radar system is
Service nationwide radar system is
Service nationwide radar system is actually called wsr-88d and what that
actually called wsr-88d and what that
actually called wsr-88d and what that system is is actually detect notation
system is is actually detect notation
system is is actually detect notation and thunderstorms and it allows us to
and thunderstorms and it allows us to
and thunderstorms and it allows us to provide adequate warning for
provide adequate warning for
provide adequate warning for thunderstorms that may be approaching
thunderstorms that may be approaching
thunderstorms that may be approaching your area and that’s one of them another
your area and that’s one of them another
your area and that’s one of them another one would be a system specifically to
one would be a system specifically to
one would be a system specifically to study lightning we have what we call a
study lightning we have what we call a
study lightning we have what we call a sprite network or sprite as an upper
sprite network or sprite as an upper
sprite network or sprite as an upper atmospheric discharge of electrical
atmospheric discharge of electrical
atmospheric discharge of electrical discharge many miles above the
discharge many miles above the
discharge many miles above the thunderstorm and we have these cameras
thunderstorm and we have these cameras
thunderstorm and we have these cameras these low lights cameras all around the
these low lights cameras all around the
these low lights cameras all around the country looking and detecting these
country looking and detecting these
country looking and detecting these sprites that discharge themselves up
sprites that discharge themselves up
sprites that discharge themselves up above the atmosphere and finally the one
above the atmosphere and finally the one
above the atmosphere and finally the one is that the final one is actually NASA
is that the final one is actually NASA
is that the final one is actually NASA NOAA are going to launch a brand-new
NOAA are going to launch a brand-new
NOAA are going to launch a brand-new weather satellite that has an incredible
weather satellite that has an incredible
weather satellite that has an incredible camera that is able to watch and detect
camera that is able to watch and detect
camera that is able to watch and detect lightening up here on the planet which
lightening up here on the planet which
lightening up here on the planet which I’m really looking forward to that’s
I’m really looking forward to that’s
I’m really looking forward to that’s really going to be a real boon for
really going to be a real boon for
really going to be a real boon for science Wow so what do you think about
science Wow so what do you think about
science Wow so what do you think about that akshay I mean sprites and booms for
that akshay I mean sprites and booms for
that akshay I mean sprites and booms for science does that get you excited
yeah yeah sorry my record really so I
yeah yeah sorry my record really so I would do to ask if there is any
would do to ask if there is any
would do to ask if there is any possibility of harvesting these energies
possibility of harvesting these energies
possibility of harvesting these energies I mean from the lightning from the upper
I mean from the lightning from the upper
I mean from the lightning from the upper atmosphere not from the ground the front
atmosphere not from the ground the front
atmosphere not from the ground the front of atmosphere is there any possibility
of atmosphere is there any possibility
of atmosphere is there any possibility of doing that moving the future well uh
of doing that moving the future well uh
of doing that moving the future well uh yes that’s that question I’ve been asked
yes that’s that question I’ve been asked
yes that’s that question I’ve been asked several times before the question is is
several times before the question is is
several times before the question is is there is it possible the harvest energy
there is it possible the harvest energy
there is it possible the harvest energy from the lightning and I think
from the lightning and I think
from the lightning and I think theoretically it’s possible but the
theoretically it’s possible but the
theoretically it’s possible but the problem is although the lightning strike
problem is although the lightning strike
problem is although the lightning strike has got a lot of energy millions of
has got a lot of energy millions of
has got a lot of energy millions of volts and thousands of amperes of
volts and thousands of amperes of
volts and thousands of amperes of current that happens in a millisecond a
current that happens in a millisecond a
current that happens in a millisecond a few milliseconds and the problem is
few milliseconds and the problem is
few milliseconds and the problem is harvesting that much energy in two short
harvesting that much energy in two short
harvesting that much energy in two short of the time you have to have huge super
of the time you have to have huge super
of the time you have to have huge super conductors and a capacitor effectively
conductors and a capacitor effectively
conductors and a capacitor effectively to take the charge in that instant brief
to take the charge in that instant brief
to take the charge in that instant brief a time brief amount of time
a time brief amount of time
a time brief amount of time unfortunately we’re just not there yet
unfortunately we’re just not there yet
unfortunately we’re just not there yet we’re doing a great job of harvesting
we’re doing a great job of harvesting
we’re doing a great job of harvesting power from the wind we’re doing a great
power from the wind we’re doing a great
power from the wind we’re doing a great job of higher singh power from the Sun
job of higher singh power from the Sun
job of higher singh power from the Sun lightning and tornadoes we’re a little
lightning and tornadoes we’re a little
lightning and tornadoes we’re a little ways off and although i’d love to see if
ways off and although i’d love to see if
ways off and although i’d love to see if my lifetime I just don’t think it’s
my lifetime I just don’t think it’s
my lifetime I just don’t think it’s going to be possible right but that
going to be possible right but that
going to be possible right but that brings us to another piece I think that
brings us to another piece I think that
brings us to another piece I think that brings us in the next point in our
brings us in the next point in our
brings us in the next point in our discussion quite nicely because we’re
discussion quite nicely because we’re
discussion quite nicely because we’re trying to get a scale of what we have
trying to get a scale of what we have
trying to get a scale of what we have learned so far before we get that far I
learned so far before we get that far I
learned so far before we get that far I mean Richard when you’re looking at the
mean Richard when you’re looking at the
mean Richard when you’re looking at the images that you get from your research
images that you get from your research
images that you get from your research in Catlin what do you think is the most
in Catlin what do you think is the most
in Catlin what do you think is the most resonating image and why I mean one of
resonating image and why I mean one of
resonating image and why I mean one of the big picture implications and and how
the big picture implications and and how
the big picture implications and and how does it affect the man in the street if
does it affect the man in the street if
does it affect the man in the street if it affects him
it affects him
it affects him yeah I growing up on the Great Barrier
yeah I growing up on the Great Barrier
yeah I growing up on the Great Barrier Reef son I’ve been watching it literally
Reef son I’ve been watching it literally
Reef son I’ve been watching it literally on my life and definitely I’ve seen
on my life and definitely I’ve seen
on my life and definitely I’ve seen changes caring and not only the great
changes caring and not only the great
changes caring and not only the great barrier reef but of course Allah in the
barrier reef but of course Allah in the
barrier reef but of course Allah in the world we are seeing a decline in quality
world we are seeing a decline in quality
world we are seeing a decline in quality of hooves particularly those associated
of hooves particularly those associated
of hooves particularly those associated with him a presence on the mainland yeah
with him a presence on the mainland yeah
with him a presence on the mainland yeah where you got runoff from agriculture
where you got runoff from agriculture
where you got runoff from agriculture urban industry so as humans we are
urban industry so as humans we are
urban industry so as humans we are definitely having an effect on coral
definitely having an effect on coral
definitely having an effect on coral reefs Shh and we’re really at a critical
reefs Shh and we’re really at a critical
reefs Shh and we’re really at a critical point in time where the decisions were
point in time where the decisions were
point in time where the decisions were making now well basically determine what
making now well basically determine what
making now well basically determine what quality of reef we are going to have in
quality of reef we are going to have in
quality of reef we are going to have in the future they can run the Taurus will
the future they can run the Taurus will
the future they can run the Taurus will always be around yeah they’re the
always be around yeah they’re the
always be around yeah they’re the ultimate survivors have been around
ultimate survivors have been around
ultimate survivors have been around hundreds of millions of years through
hundreds of millions of years through
hundreds of millions of years through sea level changes shame major climatic
sea level changes shame major climatic
sea level changes shame major climatic effects through history Shh but what the
effects through history Shh but what the
effects through history Shh but what the roofs are facing now is an unprecedented
roofs are facing now is an unprecedented
roofs are facing now is an unprecedented it’s the rate of change of the issue Shh
it’s the rate of change of the issue Shh
it’s the rate of change of the issue Shh and if we want to have resilience and
and if we want to have resilience and
and if we want to have resilience and fire diverse race we need to be
fire diverse race we need to be
fire diverse race we need to be protecting them now having some time set
protecting them now having some time set
protecting them now having some time set aside as protected areas and other areas
aside as protected areas and other areas
aside as protected areas and other areas that can be used Shh but it change is
that can be used Shh but it change is
that can be used Shh but it change is definitely happening but the amount of
definitely happening but the amount of
definitely happening but the amount of change is going to be totally up to us
change is going to be totally up to us
change is going to be totally up to us right exactly we’re working on a similar
right exactly we’re working on a similar
right exactly we’re working on a similar project here at National Geographic
project here at National Geographic
project here at National Geographic which is very exciting for that too
which is very exciting for that too
which is very exciting for that too called pristine seas we have the other
called pristine seas we have the other
called pristine seas we have the other Richard from Catlin online to I think
Richard from Catlin online to I think
Richard from Catlin online to I think Richard is safe on dry land and letting
Richard is safe on dry land and letting
Richard is safe on dry land and letting other it to do all the hard work today
other it to do all the hard work today
other it to do all the hard work today but at least he’s up for a 2 a.m. in the
but at least he’s up for a 2 a.m. in the
but at least he’s up for a 2 a.m. in the morning as well we’ve got a question
morning as well we’ve got a question
morning as well we’ve got a question here from from the team how much of the
here from from the team how much of the
here from from the team how much of the work that we need to do to save reefs
work that we need to do to save reefs
work that we need to do to save reefs happens underwater versus above the
happens underwater versus above the
happens underwater versus above the waves Oh Richard oh no this is a mole
waves Oh Richard oh no this is a mole
waves Oh Richard oh no this is a mole and drop this is the dry land Richard up
and drop this is the dry land Richard up
and drop this is the dry land Richard up there
are you there itches hello Richard babes
are you there itches hello Richard babes can you can you talk to that got me okay
can you can you talk to that got me okay
can you can you talk to that got me okay well we’ll just put it back to you
well we’ll just put it back to you
well we’ll just put it back to you Richard can you talk about it for sure
Richard can you talk about it for sure
Richard can you talk about it for sure thank you when people think of it Mon
thank you when people think of it Mon
thank you when people think of it Mon biologists are they doing the job that
biologists are they doing the job that
biologists are they doing the job that we spent all our time out in the ocean
we spent all our time out in the ocean
we spent all our time out in the ocean unfortunately this is far from the truth
unfortunately this is far from the truth
unfortunately this is far from the truth so you know just an hour surveilling
so you know just an hour surveilling
so you know just an hour surveilling underwater can literally lead two days
underwater can literally lead two days
underwater can literally lead two days of data processing processing the images
of data processing processing the images
of data processing processing the images you know of quantifying what in those
you know of quantifying what in those
you know of quantifying what in those images so a lot of the work is done dry
images so a lot of the work is done dry
images so a lot of the work is done dry side and file much much larger team of
side and file much much larger team of
side and file much much larger team of people and that’s one of the ideas we
people and that’s one of the ideas we
people and that’s one of the ideas we have the sea view though you have a very
have the sea view though you have a very
have the sea view though you have a very small teams go out do rapid assessment
small teams go out do rapid assessment
small teams go out do rapid assessment of the roofs and bring that data back to
of the roofs and bring that data back to
of the roofs and bring that data back to a whole team of scientists not only just
a whole team of scientists not only just
a whole team of scientists not only just tear in Australia but all over in the
tear in Australia but all over in the
tear in Australia but all over in the world then pull the data from those and
world then pull the data from those and
world then pull the data from those and regions so Shh it’s a lot of dry side
regions so Shh it’s a lot of dry side
regions so Shh it’s a lot of dry side work out also almost sort of ten percent
work out also almost sort of ten percent
work out also almost sort of ten percent work not even so dry right exactly and
work not even so dry right exactly and
work not even so dry right exactly and Christy what about you what’s your sense
Christy what about you what’s your sense
Christy what about you what’s your sense of scale of where you are in in NASA’s
of scale of where you are in in NASA’s
of scale of where you are in in NASA’s rich history what do you think’s the big
rich history what do you think’s the big
rich history what do you think’s the big picture yeah well my observation so far
picture yeah well my observation so far
picture yeah well my observation so far has been that you know we are definitely
has been that you know we are definitely
has been that you know we are definitely in a period of change I think um you
in a period of change I think um you
in a period of change I think um you look at what’s happening to the climate
look at what’s happening to the climate
look at what’s happening to the climate and again ice bridge is just collecting
and again ice bridge is just collecting
and again ice bridge is just collecting data but looking at the trends changes
data but looking at the trends changes
data but looking at the trends changes are happening and they’re happening
are happening and they’re happening
are happening and they’re happening faster than they ever have in the past
faster than they ever have in the past
faster than they ever have in the past so one thing that we can say with
so one thing that we can say with
so one thing that we can say with certainty from my project is that uh
certainty from my project is that uh
certainty from my project is that uh we’re losing ice the polar regions are
we’re losing ice the polar regions are
we’re losing ice the polar regions are losing ice t i6 then is less than it was
losing ice t i6 then is less than it was
losing ice t i6 then is less than it was I can say from first hand knowledge
I can say from first hand knowledge
I can say from first hand knowledge flying over the Arctic oceans we flew
flying over the Arctic oceans we flew
flying over the Arctic oceans we flew out of Fairbanks it was for totally Air
out of Fairbanks it was for totally Air
out of Fairbanks it was for totally Air Force Base in Greenland
Force Base in Greenland
Force Base in Greenland able to see immediately that the ice
able to see immediately that the ice
able to see immediately that the ice cover from previous years looked up
cover from previous years looked up
cover from previous years looked up thinner there were warm water open leads
thinner there were warm water open leads
thinner there were warm water open leads that chemical ever seen in the past so I
that chemical ever seen in the past so I
that chemical ever seen in the past so I think change is happening right before
think change is happening right before
think change is happening right before our eyes so that’s one thing that we can
our eyes so that’s one thing that we can
our eyes so that’s one thing that we can kind of say with confidence we’re not
kind of say with confidence we’re not
kind of say with confidence we’re not here to say what’s causing it
here to say what’s causing it
here to say what’s causing it necessarily but we’re saying we’re these
necessarily but we’re saying we’re these
necessarily but we’re saying we’re these trends each year that something is
trends each year that something is
trends each year that something is happening to our polar ice um and
happening to our polar ice um and
happening to our polar ice um and characterizing those changes yeah and
characterizing those changes yeah and
characterizing those changes yeah and it’s fantastic to have no service part
it’s fantastic to have no service part
it’s fantastic to have no service part of that huge global conversation it
of that huge global conversation it
of that huge global conversation it really is Tim I was we have one for me
really is Tim I was we have one for me
really is Tim I was we have one for me from killing ashore in North Carolina
from killing ashore in North Carolina
from killing ashore in North Carolina who asks on Google+ to this same theme
who asks on Google+ to this same theme
who asks on Google+ to this same theme are we getting better at detecting
are we getting better at detecting
are we getting better at detecting understanding and predicting lightning
understanding and predicting lightning
understanding and predicting lightning writ large we are definitely improving
writ large we are definitely improving
writ large we are definitely improving that in fact a large government agency
that in fact a large government agency
that in fact a large government agency has launched a pretty exhaustive program
has launched a pretty exhaustive program
has launched a pretty exhaustive program to study lightning the original
to study lightning the original
to study lightning the original lightning like i have discussed how the
lightning like i have discussed how the
lightning like i have discussed how the lightning strike it involves inside of a
lightning strike it involves inside of a
lightning strike it involves inside of a thunderstorm or a cloud that’s a process
thunderstorm or a cloud that’s a process
thunderstorm or a cloud that’s a process we still don’t quite understand we
we still don’t quite understand we
we still don’t quite understand we developed a lot of technology out to
developed a lot of technology out to
developed a lot of technology out to detect lightning and actually provide
detect lightning and actually provide
detect lightning and actually provide what we call a 3d mapping of a lightning
what we call a 3d mapping of a lightning
what we call a 3d mapping of a lightning strike as the lightning strike emerges
strike as the lightning strike emerges
strike as the lightning strike emerges out of the cloud we have these radio
out of the cloud we have these radio
out of the cloud we have these radio receivers located all around the
receivers located all around the
receivers located all around the thunderstorm that actually provide a 3d
thunderstorm that actually provide a 3d
thunderstorm that actually provide a 3d a mapping of how that lightning strike
a mapping of how that lightning strike
a mapping of how that lightning strike emerges out of the thunderstorm you know
emerges out of the thunderstorm you know
emerges out of the thunderstorm you know why and how then where lightning strike
why and how then where lightning strike
why and how then where lightning strike that’s a tough one and that’s something
that’s a tough one and that’s something
that’s a tough one and that’s something that we’re currently digging into I feel
that we’re currently digging into I feel
that we’re currently digging into I feel like although we know quite a bit about
like although we know quite a bit about
like although we know quite a bit about lightning and the hows and whys and it’s
lightning and the hows and whys and it’s
lightning and the hows and whys and it’s generation we’re still kind of
generation we’re still kind of
generation we’re still kind of scratching the surface and a lot of
scratching the surface and a lot of
scratching the surface and a lot of research is still being conducted on you
research is still being conducted on you
research is still being conducted on you know the effects of lightning and even
know the effects of lightning and even
know the effects of lightning and even perhaps prediction of lightning so we
perhaps prediction of lightning so we
perhaps prediction of lightning so we still have a little ways to go fantastic
still have a little ways to go fantastic
still have a little ways to go fantastic and then our participants do any of you
and then our participants do any of you
and then our participants do any of you want to ask delve deeper into that
want to ask delve deeper into that
want to ask delve deeper into that question and ask a specific you know
question and ask a specific you know
question and ask a specific you know from something that you’re interested in
from something that you’re interested in
from something that you’re interested in on you know what what what is the scale
on you know what what what is the scale
on you know what what what is the scale of what’s happened in a particular
of what’s happened in a particular
of what’s happened in a particular subject I don’t know if actually wants
subject I don’t know if actually wants
subject I don’t know if actually wants to jump in if there’s something that you
to jump in if there’s something that you
to jump in if there’s something that you want to you really want to know where
want to you really want to know where
want to you really want to know where we’re up to no well then yeah one
we’re up to no well then yeah one
we’re up to no well then yeah one question that I have is you know I think
question that I have is you know I think
question that I have is you know I think Richard touched on this a little bit
Richard touched on this a little bit
Richard touched on this a little bit about how he’s using the panoramas to
about how he’s using the panoramas to
about how he’s using the panoramas to engage the public in the research is
engage the public in the research is
engage the public in the research is there Chris for Christian 10 is there a
there Chris for Christian 10 is there a
there Chris for Christian 10 is there a public participation portion of the
public participation portion of the
public participation portion of the kinds of work that you’re doing that can
kinds of work that you’re doing that can
kinds of work that you’re doing that can even broaden the scope to sort of bring
even broaden the scope to sort of bring
even broaden the scope to sort of bring meaning to to the general public
meaning to to the general public
meaning to to the general public absolutely um it I was just going to
absolutely um it I was just going to
absolutely um it I was just going to jump in here unless somebody else wanted
jump in here unless somebody else wanted
jump in here unless somebody else wanted to okay we have a very successful and
to okay we have a very successful and
to okay we have a very successful and large public outreach and education
large public outreach and education
large public outreach and education outreach program with operation
outreach program with operation
outreach program with operation IceBridge we um so we’re trying to
IceBridge we um so we’re trying to
IceBridge we um so we’re trying to engage the public we’re trying to engage
engage the public we’re trying to engage
engage the public we’re trying to engage classrooms as much as we can I think
classrooms as much as we can I think
classrooms as much as we can I think we’ve really gotten to be very
we’ve really gotten to be very
we’ve really gotten to be very successful this year so some ways that
successful this year so some ways that
successful this year so some ways that we’re doing it our social media we have
we’re doing it our social media we have
we’re doing it our social media we have a new Facebook page so we’re exposing
a new Facebook page so we’re exposing
a new Facebook page so we’re exposing more people the ice bridge we have a
more people the ice bridge we have a
more people the ice bridge we have a Twitter account we also what we do is we
Twitter account we also what we do is we
Twitter account we also what we do is we bring teachers into the field with us so
bring teachers into the field with us so
bring teachers into the field with us so literally just this campaign in
literally just this campaign in
literally just this campaign in Greenland we had three teachers with us
Greenland we had three teachers with us
Greenland we had three teachers with us we had a an American teacher a
we had a an American teacher a
we had a an American teacher a Greenlandic teacher and a Danish teacher
Greenlandic teacher and a Danish teacher
Greenlandic teacher and a Danish teacher so we flew them on our aircraft and in
so we flew them on our aircraft and in
so we flew them on our aircraft and in real time they SAT with our instrument
real time they SAT with our instrument
real time they SAT with our instrument operators developed lesson plans and
operators developed lesson plans and
operators developed lesson plans and they expose those real-time lesson plans
they expose those real-time lesson plans
they expose those real-time lesson plans so their kids back in the classroom
so their kids back in the classroom
so their kids back in the classroom we’re able to even chat with with
we’re able to even chat with with
we’re able to even chat with with classrooms while flying at 1,500 feet
classrooms while flying at 1,500 feet
classrooms while flying at 1,500 feet over the Greenland ice sheet we were
over the Greenland ice sheet we were
over the Greenland ice sheet we were chatting with um schools all over the
chatting with um schools all over the
chatting with um schools all over the United States and even in different
United States and even in different
United States and even in different parts of the country I’m getting kids
parts of the country I’m getting kids
parts of the country I’m getting kids engaged in why do you fly over polarize
engaged in why do you fly over polarize
engaged in why do you fly over polarize what does that mean how can I get
what does that mean how can I get
what does that mean how can I get involved in that so I feel like we’re
involved in that so I feel like we’re
involved in that so I feel like we’re starting to now touch all different
starting to now touch all different
starting to now touch all different parts of humanity from teachers students
parts of humanity from teachers students
parts of humanity from teachers students the general public friends and family
the general public friends and family
the general public friends and family and I I just continue to hear a great
and I I just continue to hear a great
and I I just continue to hear a great feedback from these these teachers who
feedback from these these teachers who
feedback from these these teachers who say today their students said it was the
say today their students said it was the
say today their students said it was the best day of the year because they got to
best day of the year because they got to
best day of the year because they got to talk to the NASA scientist while they
talk to the NASA scientist while they
talk to the NASA scientist while they were flying as I feel like we do have a
were flying as I feel like we do have a
were flying as I feel like we do have a a really great we have videos out there
a really great we have videos out there
a really great we have videos out there on our on our website that show what
on our on our website that show what
on our on our website that show what it’s like we have a forward camera that
it’s like we have a forward camera that
it’s like we have a forward camera that flies in the cop
flies in the cop
flies in the cop the p3 so you can actually watching that
the p3 so you can actually watching that
the p3 so you can actually watching that video you can feel like you’re taking
video you can feel like you’re taking
video you can feel like you’re taking ride with us on our p3 we post all that
ride with us on our p3 we post all that
ride with us on our p3 we post all that on our Facebook page you can mess up you
on our Facebook page you can mess up you
on our Facebook page you can mess up you through the show in there yeah that is
through the show in there yeah that is
through the show in there yeah that is absolutely wild I’m Tim quickly I mean
absolutely wild I’m Tim quickly I mean
absolutely wild I’m Tim quickly I mean what’s your public outreach with the
what’s your public outreach with the
what’s your public outreach with the work you do with Geographic well
work you do with Geographic well
work you do with Geographic well certainly we bring back first off the
certainly we bring back first off the
certainly we bring back first off the course so we bring back incredible
course so we bring back incredible
course so we bring back incredible imagery from the field although the
imagery from the field although the
imagery from the field although the research that we’re doing is certainly
research that we’re doing is certainly
research that we’re doing is certainly important for our understanding
important for our understanding
important for our understanding tornadoes lightning the imagery that we
tornadoes lightning the imagery that we
tornadoes lightning the imagery that we bring back and the knowledge that we
bring back and the knowledge that we
bring back and the knowledge that we bring back to the public I also provide
bring back to the public I also provide
bring back to the public I also provide a lot of educational outreach to
a lot of educational outreach to
a lot of educational outreach to calculate classrooms along with the
calculate classrooms along with the
calculate classrooms along with the society and a lot of them my images that
society and a lot of them my images that
society and a lot of them my images that I thought I’ve collected a lot of the
I thought I’ve collected a lot of the
I thought I’ve collected a lot of the data that I’ve collected I actually
data that I’ve collected I actually
data that I’ve collected I actually appear in small textbooks believe it or
appear in small textbooks believe it or
appear in small textbooks believe it or not and it to help kids to understand
not and it to help kids to understand
not and it to help kids to understand the weather the weather processes and
the weather the weather processes and
the weather the weather processes and and show how scientists engage
and show how scientists engage
and show how scientists engage themselves in research what are the
themselves in research what are the
themselves in research what are the research processes and that to me is
research processes and that to me is
research processes and that to me is really the important part of a lot of
really the important part of a lot of
really the important part of a lot of the mission that we go out there is to
the mission that we go out there is to
the mission that we go out there is to get kids engaged in that and so they can
get kids engaged in that and so they can
get kids engaged in that and so they can actually see scientists at work in the
actually see scientists at work in the
actually see scientists at work in the field and there are also a lot of other
field and there are also a lot of other
field and there are also a lot of other things that the public does participate
things that the public does participate
things that the public does participate and with certainly with the weather as
and with certainly with the weather as
and with certainly with the weather as an example for those of you who enjoy
an example for those of you who enjoy
an example for those of you who enjoy watching thunderstorms you can actually
watching thunderstorms you can actually
watching thunderstorms you can actually contact your local National Weather
contact your local National Weather
contact your local National Weather Service and become what they call storms
Service and become what they call storms
Service and become what they call storms fire and I lost them yeah you can
fire and I lost them yeah you can
fire and I lost them yeah you can actually go out and help spot storms and
actually go out and help spot storms and
actually go out and help spot storms and report your findings directly to the
report your findings directly to the
report your findings directly to the National Weather Service and they in
National Weather Service and they in
National Weather Service and they in turn based on your report will actually
turn based on your report will actually
turn based on your report will actually induce a trader warning of the severe
induce a trader warning of the severe
induce a trader warning of the severe thunderstorm warning so that’s a way
thunderstorm warning so that’s a way
thunderstorm warning so that’s a way that the public can get engaged and
that the public can get engaged and
that the public can get engaged and there’s some other amateur scientists
there’s some other amateur scientists
there’s some other amateur scientists that have personally personally have
that have personally personally have
that have personally personally have taken on cameras to actually go out and
taken on cameras to actually go out and
taken on cameras to actually go out and photographs sprites and they are very
photographs sprites and they are very
photographs sprites and they are very good at it and that’s a perfect the
good at it and that’s a perfect the
good at it and that’s a perfect the citizen science piece of that is a
citizen science piece of that is a
citizen science piece of that is a perfect move into our lightning round
perfect move into our lightning round
perfect move into our lightning round which is only going to be a few seconds
which is only going to be a few seconds
which is only going to be a few seconds each for each view so just the first
each for each view so just the first
each for each view so just the first thing that comes into your head but you
thing that comes into your head but you
thing that comes into your head but you know a lot of people are out
know a lot of people are out
know a lot of people are out going on social media how do I get
going on social media how do I get
going on social media how do I get involved Jessica Metzger is one how do I
involved Jessica Metzger is one how do I
involved Jessica Metzger is one how do I get involved just as an enthusiast
get involved just as an enthusiast
get involved just as an enthusiast without a science degree in the sorts of
without a science degree in the sorts of
without a science degree in the sorts of work that you’re doing but I think even
work that you’re doing but I think even
work that you’re doing but I think even bigger than that we’re asking you know
bigger than that we’re asking you know
bigger than that we’re asking you know how did how did you guys before you had
how did how did you guys before you had
how did how did you guys before you had science degrees get involved in the work
science degrees get involved in the work
science degrees get involved in the work that you’re doing today so just very
that you’re doing today so just very
that you’re doing today so just very quickly what what were the key pieces
quickly what what were the key pieces
quickly what what were the key pieces Christie go go yes um I ever since I can
Christie go go yes um I ever since I can
Christie go go yes um I ever since I can remember when I was little I I always
remember when I was little I I always
remember when I was little I I always loved science I lungs of space and
loved science I lungs of space and
loved science I lungs of space and interested in um I’d read any book I
interested in um I’d read any book I
interested in um I’d read any book I could on on house what things were in
could on on house what things were in
could on on house what things were in space human spaceflight um what’s going
space human spaceflight um what’s going
space human spaceflight um what’s going on in earth science what’s going on in
on in earth science what’s going on in
on in earth science what’s going on in astronomy so I just had this this born
astronomy so I just had this this born
astronomy so I just had this this born natural desire to understand how things
natural desire to understand how things
natural desire to understand how things worked and I definitely have a lot of
worked and I definitely have a lot of
worked and I definitely have a lot of determination and drive so I I pretty
determination and drive so I I pretty
determination and drive so I I pretty much I couldn’t be stopped how did this
much I couldn’t be stopped how did this
much I couldn’t be stopped how did this work I look it up or I want to do this
work I look it up or I want to do this
work I look it up or I want to do this and somebody might say no you can’t do
and somebody might say no you can’t do
and somebody might say no you can’t do that and I never listened to them so I
that and I never listened to them so I
that and I never listened to them so I just continue to press with my passion
just continue to press with my passion
just continue to press with my passion and was able to get your eyes their
and was able to get your eyes their
and was able to get your eyes their determination so that’s fantastic okay
determination so that’s fantastic okay
determination so that’s fantastic okay Richard tell me the funniest thing
Richard tell me the funniest thing
Richard tell me the funniest thing that’s happened to you at work
that’s happened to you at work
that’s happened to you at work preferably under water my hair was funny
preferably under water my hair was funny
preferably under water my hair was funny is the funniest notice carious something
is the funniest notice carious something
is the funniest notice carious something is our scariest um I got dragged off the
is our scariest um I got dragged off the
is our scariest um I got dragged off the back of a boat once by a five made a
back of a boat once by a five made a
back of a boat once by a five made a great white shark oh and i had a special
great white shark oh and i had a special
great white shark oh and i had a special know him and I stupidly had the camera
know him and I stupidly had the camera
know him and I stupidly had the camera on a harness so in the shower curved and
on a harness so in the shower curved and
on a harness so in the shower curved and swallowed the camera and swam off with
swallowed the camera and swam off with
swallowed the camera and swam off with it I was attached to the plumber pole
it I was attached to the plumber pole
it I was attached to the plumber pole and got dragged into the water with it
and got dragged into the water with it
and got dragged into the water with it readers and scariest virtual sort of
readers and scariest virtual sort of
readers and scariest virtual sort of shark attack that have had it mean to be
shark attack that have had it mean to be
shark attack that have had it mean to be I grew up on the Great Barrier Reef as a
I grew up on the Great Barrier Reef as a
I grew up on the Great Barrier Reef as a kid I had marine t-shirts and being a
kid I had marine t-shirts and being a
kid I had marine t-shirts and being a boy I had white sharks and stone fish
boy I had white sharks and stone fish
boy I had white sharks and stone fish and sea snake and I loved other venomous
and sea snake and I loved other venomous
and sea snake and I loved other venomous dangerous animals and I like taking
dangerous animals and I like taking
dangerous animals and I like taking photos of them so my whole career been
photos of them so my whole career been
photos of them so my whole career been bouncing between science and Phil
bouncing between science and Phil
bouncing between science and Phil I can and I just love it underwater it’s
I can and I just love it underwater it’s
I can and I just love it underwater it’s more about I prefer it under here than
more about I prefer it under here than
more about I prefer it under here than on the top side to me this is home at
on the top side to me this is home at
on the top side to me this is home at the moment it’s wonderful that’s
the moment it’s wonderful that’s
the moment it’s wonderful that’s wonderful what about you Tim what’s the
wonderful what about you Tim what’s the
wonderful what about you Tim what’s the scariest cuz you must have had a few
scariest cuz you must have had a few
scariest cuz you must have had a few close shaves by now oh excuse yeah pops
close shaves by now oh excuse yeah pops
close shaves by now oh excuse yeah pops into your head oh boy I can go on this
into your head oh boy I can go on this
into your head oh boy I can go on this all day long no you’re not hard you
all day long no you’re not hard you
all day long no you’re not hard you calling a lot time it’s a lightning
calling a lot time it’s a lightning
calling a lot time it’s a lightning round it’s your round it’s lightning
round it’s your round it’s lightning
round it’s your round it’s lightning that’s why Kid well you know the
that’s why Kid well you know the
that’s why Kid well you know the scariest time probably for me was about
scariest time probably for me was about
scariest time probably for me was about 15 years ago we were actually chasing a
15 years ago we were actually chasing a
15 years ago we were actually chasing a tornado at night and of course a tornado
tornado at night and of course a tornado
tornado at night and of course a tornado at night you can’t see you go in south
at night you can’t see you go in south
at night you can’t see you go in south central Kansas it gets so dark out there
central Kansas it gets so dark out there
central Kansas it gets so dark out there you put your hand in front of your face
you put your hand in front of your face
you put your hand in front of your face you can’t see your hand the only way to
you can’t see your hand the only way to
you can’t see your hand the only way to see tornadoes is with lightning we were
see tornadoes is with lightning we were
see tornadoes is with lightning we were actually chasing a tornado at night the
actually chasing a tornado at night the
actually chasing a tornado at night the Lightning was pretty infrequent and the
Lightning was pretty infrequent and the
Lightning was pretty infrequent and the tornado was going at us is 1030 and we
tornado was going at us is 1030 and we
tornado was going at us is 1030 and we were trying to deploy our estimate and
were trying to deploy our estimate and
were trying to deploy our estimate and finally we just said you know what this
finally we just said you know what this
finally we just said you know what this tornado is getting too close he drove
tornado is getting too close he drove
tornado is getting too close he drove out of the path that tornado crust right
out of the path that tornado crust right
out of the path that tornado crust right where we were park about 45 seconds
where we were park about 45 seconds
where we were park about 45 seconds later oh wow that’s not funny ya know
later oh wow that’s not funny ya know
later oh wow that’s not funny ya know that was 15 years ago and I since then
that was 15 years ago and I since then
that was 15 years ago and I since then I’ve never chased nighttime tornadoes
I’ve never chased nighttime tornadoes
I’ve never chased nighttime tornadoes ever again good lesson learned I
ever again good lesson learned I
ever again good lesson learned I remember that one for me as well okay
remember that one for me as well okay
remember that one for me as well okay we’ve got the kids now the students at
we’ve got the kids now the students at
we’ve got the kids now the students at mussel shells they’re going to ask I
mussel shells they’re going to ask I
mussel shells they’re going to ask I think their last question go for it hi
think their last question go for it hi
think their last question go for it hi for Christy crazy yes with the data you
for Christy crazy yes with the data you
for Christy crazy yes with the data you are collecting how can we help to desert
are collecting how can we help to desert
are collecting how can we help to desert to preserve the ice that’s a very very
to preserve the ice that’s a very very
to preserve the ice that’s a very very good question right so um right now with
good question right so um right now with
good question right so um right now with the data were collecting that anybody
the data were collecting that anybody
the data were collecting that anybody could look up you can look it up we can
could look up you can look it up we can
could look up you can look it up we can show how everything is changing right so
show how everything is changing right so
show how everything is changing right so what does that mean like we can say
what does that mean like we can say
what does that mean like we can say there’s less sea ice the we’re losing a
there’s less sea ice the we’re losing a
there’s less sea ice the we’re losing a lot of high school a sures are calving
lot of high school a sures are calving
lot of high school a sures are calving into the ocean and in each year it looks
into the ocean and in each year it looks
into the ocean and in each year it looks like it might be more and more right so
like it might be more and more right so
like it might be more and more right so those are things that we know that are
those are things that we know that are
those are things that we know that are happy to happen so we can take that
happy to happen so we can take that
happy to happen so we can take that information and try and educate the
information and try and educate the
information and try and educate the public we can try and educate Congress
public we can try and educate Congress
public we can try and educate Congress on the people who make decisions above
on the people who make decisions above
on the people who make decisions above our heads
our heads
our heads and say hey you know what something is
and say hey you know what something is
and say hey you know what something is happening here and it’s happening faster
happening here and it’s happening faster
happening here and it’s happening faster than it ever did in our earliest records
than it ever did in our earliest records
than it ever did in our earliest records you know we can look and see what what
you know we can look and see what what
you know we can look and see what what happened in the past and we can try and
happened in the past and we can try and
happened in the past and we can try and point out that hey these changes with
point out that hey these changes with
point out that hey these changes with the ice melting faster than then average
the ice melting faster than then average
the ice melting faster than then average may be influenced by things that human
may be influenced by things that human
may be influenced by things that human beings are doing on the planet right now
beings are doing on the planet right now
beings are doing on the planet right now so you take a look why are these changes
so you take a look why are these changes
so you take a look why are these changes happening is it something that human
happening is it something that human
happening is it something that human beings are doing on the planet are we is
beings are doing on the planet are we is
beings are doing on the planet are we is it because we’re burning fossil fuels
it because we’re burning fossil fuels
it because we’re burning fossil fuels right is that what is dumping more
right is that what is dumping more
right is that what is dumping more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that might be contributing to this heating of
might be contributing to this heating of
might be contributing to this heating of the planet and subsequently melting the
the planet and subsequently melting the
the planet and subsequently melting the ice so I think the best that we can do
ice so I think the best that we can do
ice so I think the best that we can do on our project is just educate people
on our project is just educate people
on our project is just educate people say something is happening and then what
say something is happening and then what
say something is happening and then what we need is help from the public in the
we need is help from the public in the
we need is help from the public in the Congress to take a look at that and say
Congress to take a look at that and say
Congress to take a look at that and say you know what mom we are convinced we do
you know what mom we are convinced we do
you know what mom we are convinced we do believe that human beings are
believe that human beings are
believe that human beings are influencing this melting and from there
influencing this melting and from there
influencing this melting and from there maybe take steps to try and reduce the
maybe take steps to try and reduce the
maybe take steps to try and reduce the burning of fossil fuels leg being
burning of fossil fuels leg being
burning of fossil fuels leg being smarter with our transportation using
smarter with our transportation using
smarter with our transportation using smart fuels things like that so those
smart fuels things like that so those
smart fuels things like that so those are things that you know we hope to
are things that you know we hope to
are things that you know we hope to eventually come out here by um getting
eventually come out here by um getting
eventually come out here by um getting everybody on the same page and everyone
everybody on the same page and everyone
everybody on the same page and everyone understanding what’s going on so we can
understanding what’s going on so we can
understanding what’s going on so we can kind of move forward as a community to
kind of move forward as a community to
kind of move forward as a community to make the right decisions and be smart
make the right decisions and be smart
make the right decisions and be smart about protecting our planet one day at a
about protecting our planet one day at a
about protecting our planet one day at a time yeah that’s great is that does that
time yeah that’s great is that does that
time yeah that’s great is that does that help you guys muscle shoals yeah great
help you guys muscle shoals yeah great
help you guys muscle shoals yeah great great thank you so we’re going to move
great thank you so we’re going to move
great thank you so we’re going to move on to what’s next you know what um what
on to what’s next you know what um what
on to what’s next you know what um what are we going to see in the future I know
are we going to see in the future I know
are we going to see in the future I know actually you have a question about what
actually you have a question about what
actually you have a question about what we can do in the future over for
we can do in the future over for
we can do in the future over for lightning but I think I wanted to just
lightning but I think I wanted to just
lightning but I think I wanted to just put maybe to Richard first what issues
put maybe to Richard first what issues
put maybe to Richard first what issues you think we’ll be measuring and facing
you think we’ll be measuring and facing
you think we’ll be measuring and facing in sort of 20 years or 50 years what
in sort of 20 years or 50 years what
in sort of 20 years or 50 years what will your colleagues be studying when we
will your colleagues be studying when we
will your colleagues be studying when we think that sort of agree way I think a
think that sort of agree way I think a
think that sort of agree way I think a lot of the issues will be what we’re
lot of the issues will be what we’re
lot of the issues will be what we’re looking at now where we’re monitoring
looking at now where we’re monitoring
looking at now where we’re monitoring climate change and the effects on the
climate change and the effects on the
climate change and the effects on the car race themselves these corals and
car race themselves these corals and
car race themselves these corals and this is an anatomy leave of hot side
this is an anatomy leave of hot side
this is an anatomy leave of hot side beat this brown color actually trans
beat this brown color actually trans
beat this brown color actually trans from
from
from I it fills that live inside the car dr.
I it fills that live inside the car dr.
I it fills that live inside the car dr. chase food for the falls from the sound
chase food for the falls from the sound
chase food for the falls from the sound anything it’s a wonderful symbiotic
anything it’s a wonderful symbiotic
anything it’s a wonderful symbiotic relationship but what happens during our
relationship but what happens during our
relationship but what happens during our warm water oven Shh but it’s really
warm water oven Shh but it’s really
warm water oven Shh but it’s really really hot it’s that the symbiotic
really hot it’s that the symbiotic
really hot it’s that the symbiotic relationship goes out of whack and the
relationship goes out of whack and the
relationship goes out of whack and the car is expelled the brown microscopic
car is expelled the brown microscopic
car is expelled the brown microscopic algal cells healthy weight pearls right
algal cells healthy weight pearls right
algal cells healthy weight pearls right now I want they those a healthy the ones
now I want they those a healthy the ones
now I want they those a healthy the ones that we’re seeing you with right now Deb
that we’re seeing you with right now Deb
that we’re seeing you with right now Deb totally these are healthy some
totally these are healthy some
totally these are healthy some brown coal it’s healthy Carl don’t
brown coal it’s healthy Carl don’t
brown coal it’s healthy Carl don’t believe what you see on TV because the
believe what you see on TV because the
believe what you see on TV because the term of people only trick the really
term of people only trick the really
term of people only trick the really pretty curls most of the curls are
pretty curls most of the curls are
pretty curls most of the curls are actually just brawn yes but then these
actually just brawn yes but then these
actually just brawn yes but then these bleaching events and he first started
bleaching events and he first started
bleaching events and he first started about 20 years ago Shh and we’re going
about 20 years ago Shh and we’re going
about 20 years ago Shh and we’re going to see the more and more frequently so
to see the more and more frequently so
to see the more and more frequently so in the future in another 20 30 40 50
in the future in another 20 30 40 50
in the future in another 20 30 40 50 years I think it’s marine scientist who
years I think it’s marine scientist who
years I think it’s marine scientist who every monitoring more and more bleaching
every monitoring more and more bleaching
every monitoring more and more bleaching events and unfortunately that the
events and unfortunately that the
events and unfortunately that the frequency of these placing event allah
frequency of these placing event allah
frequency of these placing event allah khair more and more often to be
khair more and more often to be
khair more and more often to be unfortunate but if the conditions return
unfortunate but if the conditions return
unfortunate but if the conditions return to normal quickly the cars can recover
to normal quickly the cars can recover
to normal quickly the cars can recover Shh but if that is they starve too long
Shh but if that is they starve too long
Shh but if that is they starve too long from a bleaching hope they can’t die and
from a bleaching hope they can’t die and
from a bleaching hope they can’t die and that’s one of the main ways of the
that’s one of the main ways of the
that’s one of the main ways of the corals roost why we’re losing them
corals roost why we’re losing them
corals roost why we’re losing them around the world it’s from these plates
around the world it’s from these plates
around the world it’s from these plates immigrants got it Tim Tim what do you
immigrants got it Tim Tim what do you
immigrants got it Tim Tim what do you think you’re going to be seeing in 50
think you’re going to be seeing in 50
think you’re going to be seeing in 50 years time or you think your buddies are
years time or you think your buddies are
years time or you think your buddies are gonna be saying well you know we only
gonna be saying well you know we only
gonna be saying well you know we only have a minute because we’re getting
have a minute because we’re getting
have a minute because we’re getting we’re just so starting to wrap up in a
we’re just so starting to wrap up in a
we’re just so starting to wrap up in a second I understand I think you know the
second I understand I think you know the
second I understand I think you know the the things that Christie was studying
the things that Christie was studying
the things that Christie was studying you know up in Greenland or certainly
you know up in Greenland or certainly
you know up in Greenland or certainly changes in our planet and I think what
changes in our planet and I think what
changes in our planet and I think what we’re going to be faced with the next
we’re going to be faced with the next
we’re going to be faced with the next 20-30 years is trying to understand how
20-30 years is trying to understand how
20-30 years is trying to understand how the weather is going to be changing
the weather is going to be changing
the weather is going to be changing along with the changes we see in the ice
along with the changes we see in the ice
along with the changes we see in the ice pack we don’t really
pack we don’t really
pack we don’t really no and it’s very very difficult because
no and it’s very very difficult because
no and it’s very very difficult because of the tone you know the oscillations of
of the tone you know the oscillations of
of the tone you know the oscillations of the the jet stream and so forth could be
the the jet stream and so forth could be
the the jet stream and so forth could be very difficult but I think in a long
very difficult but I think in a long
very difficult but I think in a long term 20 years from now we should better
term 20 years from now we should better
term 20 years from now we should better understand how that’s going to affect
understand how that’s going to affect
understand how that’s going to affect our weather some of the micro
our weather some of the micro
our weather some of the micro measurements that I’ve taken
measurements that I’ve taken
measurements that I’ve taken thunderstorms and lightning may provide
thunderstorms and lightning may provide
thunderstorms and lightning may provide a little bit of a clue but the global
a little bit of a clue but the global
a little bit of a clue but the global aspect is going to be studying on
aspect is going to be studying on
aspect is going to be studying on average how many of these super storms
average how many of these super storms
average how many of these super storms are going to happen right Susan anything
are going to happen right Susan anything
are going to happen right Susan anything to add to that as a final question from
to add to that as a final question from
to add to that as a final question from you and actually get ready if you have
you and actually get ready if you have
you and actually get ready if you have one more question too I would just ask
one more question too I would just ask
one more question too I would just ask like how given how fragile everything
like how given how fragile everything
like how given how fragile everything you guys are examining is how optimistic
you guys are examining is how optimistic
you guys are examining is how optimistic are you that we’ll be able to turn this
are you that we’ll be able to turn this
are you that we’ll be able to turn this around given that it’s Earth Day like
around given that it’s Earth Day like
around given that it’s Earth Day like Duke yeah from everything you’ve seen I
Duke yeah from everything you’ve seen I
Duke yeah from everything you’ve seen I know Chris you touched a little bit on
know Chris you touched a little bit on
know Chris you touched a little bit on this place like how optimistic are you
this place like how optimistic are you
this place like how optimistic are you yeah yeah you can talk about the Technic
yeah yeah you can talk about the Technic
yeah yeah you can talk about the Technic technology changes in the next 20 years
technology changes in the next 20 years
technology changes in the next 20 years that would be great Christy thank you
that would be great Christy thank you
that would be great Christy thank you thanks Susan yeah well I was going to
thanks Susan yeah well I was going to
thanks Susan yeah well I was going to hit just briefly on I think a lot it is
hit just briefly on I think a lot it is
hit just briefly on I think a lot it is a you know we’re advertising we’re
a you know we’re advertising we’re
a you know we’re advertising we’re showing these trends that we’re taking I
showing these trends that we’re taking I
showing these trends that we’re taking I mean satellite data is contributing to
mean satellite data is contributing to
mean satellite data is contributing to it we have airborne science so we have a
it we have airborne science so we have a
it we have airborne science so we have a lot of different platforms collecting
lot of different platforms collecting
lot of different platforms collecting data on the changing planet like folks
data on the changing planet like folks
data on the changing planet like folks were talking about weather changes but
were talking about weather changes but
were talking about weather changes but um I think we’re observing a pretty
um I think we’re observing a pretty
um I think we’re observing a pretty consistent message are the data that
consistent message are the data that
consistent message are the data that icebridge collects in measuring the
icebridge collects in measuring the
icebridge collects in measuring the changes in the ice sheet we’re looking
changes in the ice sheet we’re looking
changes in the ice sheet we’re looking in our data sets right and then we’re
in our data sets right and then we’re
in our data sets right and then we’re looking at new satellites like i SAT two
looking at new satellites like i SAT two
looking at new satellites like i SAT two is about to launch in 2016 it’s a polar
is about to launch in 2016 it’s a polar
is about to launch in 2016 it’s a polar orbiting satellite so they’re going to
orbiting satellite so they’re going to
orbiting satellite so they’re going to start collecting data in so we’re going
start collecting data in so we’re going
start collecting data in so we’re going to compare our datasets to make sure
to compare our datasets to make sure
to compare our datasets to make sure that they match and it’s called
that they match and it’s called
that they match and it’s called calibration and validation so we’re I
calibration and validation so we’re I
calibration and validation so we’re I feel like from a scientific standpoint
feel like from a scientific standpoint
feel like from a scientific standpoint we’re a team going forward from the plan
we’re a team going forward from the plan
we’re a team going forward from the plan I mean we have international partners
I mean we have international partners
I mean we have international partners with European Space Agency we work with
with European Space Agency we work with
with European Space Agency we work with we’re working with other NASA centers
we’re working with other NASA centers
we’re working with other NASA centers multiple satellite programs even now my
multiple satellite programs even now my
multiple satellite programs even now my team is still in Greenland I’m here
team is still in Greenland I’m here
team is still in Greenland I’m here we’re talking with the program managers
we’re talking with the program managers
we’re talking with the program managers of the cryo SAT satellite which is at
of the cryo SAT satellite which is at
of the cryo SAT satellite which is at another polar orbiting satellite from
another polar orbiting satellite from
another polar orbiting satellite from isa and through those relationships were
isa and through those relationships were
isa and through those relationships were kind of validating that we’re all
kind of validating that we’re all
kind of validating that we’re all collecting the same information so we’re
collecting the same information so we’re
collecting the same information so we’re coming forward with the same
coming forward with the same
coming forward with the same you know we’re not measuring different
you know we’re not measuring different
you know we’re not measuring different things than the satellites measuring so
things than the satellites measuring so
things than the satellites measuring so I feel like the best we can do is show
I feel like the best we can do is show
I feel like the best we can do is show our trends back up all of our data and
our trends back up all of our data and
our trends back up all of our data and say something is happening here it’s
say something is happening here it’s
say something is happening here it’s happening now it’s probably going to
happening now it’s probably going to
happening now it’s probably going to even speed up more in the future so what
even speed up more in the future so what
even speed up more in the future so what can we do from there so it’s really now
can we do from there so it’s really now
can we do from there so it’s really now helping to convince the the entire
helping to convince the the entire
helping to convince the the entire planet that maybe we do need to do
planet that maybe we do need to do
planet that maybe we do need to do something about it I think that is the
something about it I think that is the
something about it I think that is the hardest part not the technology I don’t
hardest part not the technology I don’t
hardest part not the technology I don’t think the technology is that hard it’s
think the technology is that hard it’s
think the technology is that hard it’s not convincing our population that we
not convincing our population that we
not convincing our population that we need to take steps to try and reduce
need to take steps to try and reduce
need to take steps to try and reduce that right you heard it here first it’s
that right you heard it here first it’s
that right you heard it here first it’s not the technology that’s difficult it’s
not the technology that’s difficult it’s
not the technology that’s difficult it’s the outreach and communication because
the outreach and communication because
the outreach and communication because that is always persuading people rather
that is always persuading people rather
that is always persuading people rather than things is the hardest part I’m
than things is the hardest part I’m
than things is the hardest part I’m actually we are about to wrap up but i
actually we are about to wrap up but i
actually we are about to wrap up but i think you have one final question oh no
think you have one final question oh no
think you have one final question oh no I guess can I no no no no I guess I I
I guess can I no no no no I guess I I
I guess can I no no no no I guess I I got the answer ok ok no problem well I
got the answer ok ok no problem well I
got the answer ok ok no problem well I think that we’re coming to the end of
think that we’re coming to the end of
think that we’re coming to the end of our time now so I’d like to thank
our time now so I’d like to thank
our time now so I’d like to thank everybody here our production team and
everybody here our production team and
everybody here our production team and pics i have been working their socks off
pics i have been working their socks off
pics i have been working their socks off to get you hooked up seamlessly and
to get you hooked up seamlessly and
to get you hooked up seamlessly and thanks to all of you for joining Google
thanks to all of you for joining Google
thanks to all of you for joining Google Plus hangout we hope that you can join
Plus hangout we hope that you can join
Plus hangout we hope that you can join us for the rest of the earth day series
us for the rest of the earth day series
us for the rest of the earth day series where we’ll be talking about clean water
where we’ll be talking about clean water
where we’ll be talking about clean water nature and nature’s engineers are beg
nature and nature’s engineers are beg
nature and nature’s engineers are beg your pardon I’m recycling and oceans so
your pardon I’m recycling and oceans so
your pardon I’m recycling and oceans so there’s a lot of topics to get into
there’s a lot of topics to get into
there’s a lot of topics to get into there and check out national Geographics
there and check out national Geographics
there and check out national Geographics google+ page for connecting and remember
google+ page for connecting and remember
google+ page for connecting and remember everyone’s an explorer and you can
everyone’s an explorer and you can
everyone’s an explorer and you can explore more by joining National
explore more by joining National
explore more by joining National Geographic calm for one thing so thank
Geographic calm for one thing so thank
Geographic calm for one thing so thank you again all of you especially from all
you again all of you especially from all
you again all of you especially from all the crazy places that you’ve joined us
the crazy places that you’ve joined us
the crazy places that you’ve joined us and we look forward to seeing you again
and we look forward to seeing you again
and we look forward to seeing you again right
”
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